(Na+/K+)-ATPase研究概况

本文概述(Na⁺/K⁺)-ATPase的一般分子性质。介绍神经元和脂肪细胞中两种不同分子形式(Na⁺/K⁺)-ATPase的分离鉴定和功能性质,以及(Na⁺/K⁺)-ATPase主要功能亚基一级序列和高级结构研究所取得的一些进展。     

胃(H++K+)-ATPase结构与功能的研究

胃(H⁺+K⁺)-ATPase属于生物膜的第二类质子泵(E₁E₂型),从生理角度它是胃酸分泌的质子泵。本文结合我们初步的研究结果:猪、大白鼠胃粘膜(H⁺+K⁺)-ATPase的纯化以及由消炎痛引起的急性胃粘膜病变与胃粘膜(H⁺+K⁺)-ATPase的关系等,对此酶在近十几年来它的纯化、结构、性质、催化机理,向胃腔分泌盐酸的功能及其调节和胃病变的分子机理等方面进行了简要的综述。     

La régulation osmotique et ionique chez Homarusgammarus (L.) (Crustacea: Decapoda)

In juveniles of Homarus gammarus (L.) reared at 15°C, mortality occurs only in salinities below 17%. and above 46%.. Regulation is isosmotic in high salinities, and slightly hyperosmotic in low salinities. Regulation of Cl^?, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ ions is described. Important similarities exist between these results and those obtained in H. americanus H. Milne Edwards.     

淡色库蚊红眼(r)突变的遗传

在淡色库蚊(Culex pipiens pallens Coq.)中,分离出红眼(r)突变型。其眼睛的颜色,从幼虫,蛹到成虫表现了完全地外显和一致。正常黑眼(+)和红眼(r)杂交,不论正交或反交,F₁(子一代)个体全部为黑眼(+)(表1③④)。F₁的个体互交,F₂(子二代)则按黑眼(+):红眼(r)=3∶1分离(表1⑤⑥及表2的正交和反交项)。正交与反交的F₁个体,分别与红眼(r)本的雌、雄个体回交,其黑眼(+)与红眼(r)都按1∶1进行分离(表1⑦⑧⑨及表2回交栏三项)。实验证明,黑眼(+)对红眼(r)为显性,而红眼(r)则为隐性。它们完全符合一对孟德尔显、隐性关系基因的遗传规律。从F₂分离出来的红眼(r)个体,不管是来自F₁的互交,还是正交与反交的F₁雄蚊个体与红眼(r)亲本雌蚊个体的回交,它们的表现是:凡正交,红眼(r)个体都是雄的(表1⑤⑧);凡反交,红眼(r)个体都是雌的(表1⑥⑦)。唯有正交与反交的F₁雌蚊个体,当与亲本红眼(r)雄蚊个体回交时,其F₂的红眼(r)个体雌、雄都有,且红眼(r)雌:红眼(r)雄呈1∶1的比例(表1⑨),这主要是由红眼(r)雄蚊具有两类配子所遗成。上述现象说明,红限?是一种性连锁的突变。但由于出现一定比例的交换(表1⑤⑥⑦⑧),因此是属于不完全的性连锁。     

吸附金(Au3+)的真菌筛选

通过筛选获得3株吸附Au³⁺能力较强的真菌。对其中一株芽枝状枝孢(Cladosporimmcladosporioides AS 3.3995)进行了吸附Au³⁺的条件研究。结果表明,溶液的pH值、温度、时间和Au³⁺的浓度对菌的吸附作用有影响。最适pH为5以下,温度在30—50℃之间。该菌的最大吸附量为140 mgAu³⁺/g(干细胞)。电镜观察表明,Au³⁺在细胞壁的表面上慢慢地还     

A simple method for preparation of valency hybrid hemoglobins, (α3+β2+)2 and (α2+β3+)2

The improved methods for the preparation of valency hybrid hemoglobins, (α³⁺β²⁺)₂ and (α²⁺β³⁺)₂ were presented. The (α³⁺β²⁺)₂ valency hybrid was separated from the solutions of partially reduced methemoglobin with ascorbic acid, by using CM 32 column chromatography. The (α²⁺β³⁺)₂ valency hybrid was also isolated from hemoglobin solutions, which were partially oxidized with ferricyanide, by chromatography on CM 32 column. These valency hybrid hemoglobins were found to be single on isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. Present procedures are very simple and are suitable for the bulk preparation of (α³⁺β²⁺)₂ and (α²⁺β³⁺)₂ valency hybrids.     

Der strandanwurf als lebensraum für Thinoseius fucicola (Halbert) (acarina)

Zusammenfassung Experimentelle Befunde machen es wahrscheinlich, daß Thinoseius fucicola nur in ausdauernden, stets sehr feuchten Braunalgenmassen zu finden ist. Eine Vermehrung der Art ist nur möglich, wenn das Nahrungssubstrat zumindest einen Salzgehalt von mehr als 10% besitzt. Durch diese Befunde lassen sick die bisherigen Freilandfunde geographisch und ökologisch erklären.Es ist unwahrscheinlich, daß Thinoseius fucicola durch Fliegen transportiert wird, wie dies von anderen parasitiformen Milben bekannt ist.Ein Vergleich mit Fliegen des Strandanwurfs zeigt, daß these Arten, die alle im gleichen Lebensraum vorkommen, dennoch verschiedene Ansprüche an den Lebensraum stellen. Bei ungünstigen Verhältnissen wird das Ventralschild von Thinoseius fucicola nur schlecht chitinisiert.     

Flight potential of Lygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Heteroptera: Miridae)

Lygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) is a key pest of Bt cotton in China. This study reports on its flight potential examined by a flight-mill system. We found that 10-d-old mated females engaged in flight over the greatest distance (40.1 +/- 5.2 km) and duration (7.7 +/- 1.0 h) in 24-h flight assays in relation to age, sex, and mating status. Optimum temperature for flight was 20 degrees C, and optimum relative humidity was 75% RH. Flight potential of 10-d-old mated females under the optimum conditions (20 degrees C and 75% RH) was tested continuously for 48 h. Results showed that the flight distance amounted to 67.3 +/- 9.7 km, with a maximum distance of 151.3 km. This study shows that L. lucorum has the potential to undertake long-distance flight. The information will help in the development of the forecast and management of L. lucorum.     

石墨化炭/ 炭复合材料+ 羟基磷灰石涂层(C/C+HA) 复合骨植入材料研究

目的:通过建立兔股骨缺损的动物实验模型,对采用等温化学气相沉积法和等离子喷涂技术所制备的石墨化炭/炭复合材料+羟基磷灰石涂层(C/C+HA)复合骨植入材料进行骨植入实验的的生物相容性进行评价,探索该复合材料作为植入机体骨组织的可行性依据.方法:采用骨科钻在实验动物股骨髁上钻孔的方法建立骨缺损的动物实验模型,将待研究比较的实验材料分别植入实验动物的股骨髁内,持续观察8周,在术后第2、4、8周时应用X线照片、组织学染色和扫描电镜技术,分别观察所研究材料在机体内对骨缺损愈合及其对机体的影响,进行组间比较和相关性分析.结果:石墨化炭/炭复合材料+羟基磷灰石涂层(C/C+HA)复合骨植入材料的骨植入实验生物相容性良好,材料与骨组织结合牢固,界面中成骨细胞生长明显,且炭颗粒脱落现象少,未见炎症细胞浸润.植入动物体内的材料在植入期未引起机体局部的炎症浸润反应且表面脱落的碳颗粒在机体组织中也未引起局部严重的炎症反应.在实验动物植入材料后的连续8周观察期中,组织学观察显示:表面涂有HA的炭/炭复合材料对骨组织形态改建上表现良好,其与骨组织接界处所形成的纤维结缔组织膜层厚度明显比未涂HA的材料要小,与骨组织结合更为紧密和牢固;碳颗粒出现脱落游离的现象明显减少.结论:在炭/炭复合材料表面涂以HA生物涂层对骨的形态改建和促进骨小梁生长等方面具有良好的作用,是一种具有发展潜力的骨修复材料.     

Übersicht der pflanzengesellschaften rätiens (III)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Übersicht der Pflanzengesellschaften rätiens (II)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Übersicht der pflanzengesellschaften rätiens (VI)

Ohne ZusammenfassungManuskript eingegangen am 29-III-1950.     

Bergh?nfling(Carduelis f. flavirostris) mit r?tlichen Brustfedern

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Human CD34+ CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells cultured with growth factors including Angptl5 efficiently engraft adult NOD-SCID Il2rγ-/- (NSG) mice

Increasing demand for human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in clinical and research applications necessitates expansion of HSCs in vitro. Before these cells can be used they must be carefully evaluated to assess their stem cell activity. Here, we expanded cord blood CD34(+) CD133(+) cells in a defined medium containing angiopoietin like 5 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 and evaluated the cells for stem cell activity in NOD-SCID Il2rg(-/-) (NSG) mice by multi-lineage engraftment, long term reconstitution, limiting dilution and serial reconstitution. The phenotype of expanded cells was characterized by flow cytometry during the course of expansion and following engraftment in mice. We show that the SCID repopulating activity resides in the CD34(+) CD133(+) fraction of expanded cells and that CD34(+) CD133(+) cell number correlates with SCID repopulating activity before and after culture. The expanded cells mediate long-term hematopoiesis and serial reconstitution in NSG mice. Furthermore, they efficiently reconstitute not only neonate but also adult NSG recipients, generating human blood cell populations similar to those reported in mice reconstituted with uncultured human HSCs. These findings suggest an expansion of long term HSCs in our culture and show that expression of CD34 and CD133 serves as a marker for HSC activity in human cord blood cell cultures. The ability to expand human HSCs in vitro should facilitate clinical use of HSCs and large-scale construction of humanized mice from the same donor for research applications.     

猪脑突触体质膜(Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase的分离纯化与性质

以猪脑为材料,经匀浆、差速离心、蔗糖密度梯度离心分离突触体. 低渗破膜得到突触体膜. Triton X-100增溶后,经钙调蛋白亲和层析可得去脂的质膜Ca²⁺-ATPase. 用大体积亲和柱和大体积低Ca²⁺淋洗液淋洗,可得产率、纯度和活性均较高的质膜Ca²⁺-ATPase. 与大豆磷脂保温后,去脂的Ca²⁺-ATPase的水解活力可恢复达3.32 μmol/(mg·min).SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳银染显示单一蛋白质带,分子质量约为140 ku,纯度在90%以上. 不同Ca²⁺浓度明显影响酶的活力.     

绞股兰皂苷对人红细胞膜(Na+-K+)-ATP酶作用的初步研究

绞股兰[Gynostemma Pentaphyllum(Thunb.)Makino]别名七叶胆,系葫芦科绞股兰属多年生草质藤本植物。日本学者从该植物中分离得50余种皂苷,其中有三种和人参皂苷相同。绞股兰具有多种药理活性,临床证实它对多种癌症有一定疗效。此外还具有抗衰老和抗疲劳等功效。1986年我们曾对皖南山区绞股兰的成分及其药理进行过研究。然而,至今尚未见到绞股兰皂苷对红细胞膜(Na~ -K~=)-ATP酶作用的研究报告。本文以人参皂苷为对照,采用荧光素酶测定ATP含量的方法,研究绞股兰皂苷对人红细胞膜(Na~ -K~ )-ATP酶作用。     

酸雨作用下的森林冠层盐基离子(Ca2+,Mg2+,K+)淋洗

在韶山针阔叶混交林中设立了10个30 m×30 m的样方,对1年中各个季节的森林截留沉降、降雨后树冠层总滤出量、盐基离子滤出量以及树冠层对H+和NH4+的摄入量进行了分析和估算.韶山森林湿沉降成分中以Ca2+为主,Mg2+,K+含量较低.树冠层盐基离子总滤出量中Ca2+最高,达到155.34 mmo1 m-2a-1,Mg2+最低,为30.74mmol m-2a-1,K+居中,为84.13 mmol m-2a-1.Ca2+的大量滤出表明它是树冠层缓冲降水酸度的主要介质,同时也表明酸雨对韶山森林的潜在危害,其在总滤出量中的比重的季节变化是夏(58.4%)＞春(54.1%)＞冬(51.4%)＞秋(32.5%).盐基离子的滤出量以冬→春→夏→秋依次递减,但是树冠层季节摄入NH4的量在30-100mmo1 m-2而对H+的摄入量则在30-180 mmol m-2.     

相关维数计算中的ln c(r)～ln r线性拟和

相关维数是定量描述非线性时间序列的一个重要参数,在脑电、心电等生物医学信号的特征描述方面得到了广泛地应用.相关维数的计算涉及到诸如延迟时间、嵌入维数等多个参数的选择,同时需要确定ln C_m(r)～ln r线性拟和的尺度区间.本文介绍了一种新的确定尺度区间的方法,利用该方法确定尺度区间能够保持计算结果的稳定性与一致性.