广州地区3种睡莲花开放的日变化规律分析

为了解睡莲属(Nymphaea)植物开花的日变化规律,以广州华南农业大学湿地公园的睡莲属植物为对象进行观察和分析。结果显示,晚上开花类的热带睡莲,其日变化是花朵于晚上开放并持续至第二天上午,白天开花类的热带睡莲和耐寒睡莲,其开放时间为白昼,开放时间因种类不同而有所差异。白天开花的热带睡莲‘独立’(Nymphaea‘Independence’)和耐寒睡莲‘科罗拉多’(Nymphaea‘Colorado’)单朵花期3~4 d,耐寒睡莲墨西哥黄睡莲(N.mexicana)单朵花期2 d,雌雄蕊先后成熟以达到异花授粉的目的,单朵睡莲开放期间雄蕊群呈现不同形态。‘独立’睡莲呈现日出而开,日落则合的开花生物钟,10月至12月,光照时间缩短导致‘独立’睡莲开闭节律缩短。观察结果可为园林水景中睡莲属植物配置提供准确的数据支持。     

睡莲属植物花粉形态研究

为明确睡莲属植物花粉形态特征,研究利用扫描电镜对18种或品种睡莲属植物的花粉形态特征进行观察,并对花粉形态及其种间亲缘关系进行分析,同时利用离体萌发法对睡莲品种‘彼得’的花粉活力进行测定,为睡莲杂交育种亲本的选择提供依据。结果表明:(1)18种或品种睡莲属植物的花粉均为单粒花粉,形态均为近球体或扁球体,其中巨花睡莲花粉粒最大,体积指数为30.3;埃及白睡莲花粉粒最小,体积指数为19.2。(2)花粉外壁纹饰类型繁多,包括网纹状、小颗粒状、瘤状、小柱状、长条状、微波纹起伏状。(3)根据聚类分析可将18种或品种睡莲属植物分为4个类群,其中Nymphaea亚属与Brachyceras亚属间亲缘关系最近。(4)‘彼得’的花粉离体萌发率高,可达95%以上。研究认为,睡莲属植物的花粉形态特征,特别是花粉萌发沟类型、外壁纹饰等特征可作为睡莲属植物种间分类、亚属间以及种间亲缘关系、系统进化规律的关键证据。     

世界上最小的睡莲——侏儒卢旺达睡莲

正通常说到睡莲,基本上是睡莲科睡莲属(Nymphaea)植物的泛称,根据Flora of China记载,世界睡莲属植物约50种,分布在全球的温带及热带地区,目前主要作为观赏植物而广泛栽培于池沼或庭园水景中。从花色上讲,睡莲属植物可能是水生植物中颜色最为丰富的一类植物,雪白、粉色、黄色、粉红色、玫瑰红色、橙色、蓝色、蓝紫色等等,妖娆万分,让人眼花     

睡莲微型化栽培试验

睡莲属(Nymphaea)是水生植物睡莲科(Nymphaeaceae)的一个重要属。自古以来成为我国湖、塘、庭园水池中点缀水景的名花。它与荷花一样出污泥而不染,花型秀美,色彩艳丽,花期长,因而赢得了人们的喜爱。为了培育适合城市居民家庭养花的小型睡莲品种,我们从1988年开始进行睡蓬微型化栽培试验,取得了较明显的效果。获得了一个适合家庭阳台种植的盆栽睡莲品     

碧波仙子——睡莲

一、分布与学名来源睡莲,是睡莲科睡莲属（Nymphaea）植物的泛称。全世界睡莲属植物有40－50种,我国有5种。按其生态学特征,睡莲可分为耐寒、不耐寒两大类,前者分布于亚热带和温带地区,后者分布于热带地区。睡莲属植物的学名Nymphaea源于拉丁语Nymph,意为居住在水乡泽国的仙女,在古希腊、古罗马、古埃及,睡莲与中国的荷花一样,被视为圣洁、美丽的化身,常被用作供奉女神的祭品。在新约圣经中,也有“圣洁之物,出淤泥而不染”之说。二、国内外发展动态我国植物学家对睡莲的关注程度远不如荷花。而国外的植物学家则对此颇为关注,…     

花中美人——睡莲

睡莲是睡莲科睡莲属植物的统称。睡莲色泽鲜艳、多样,花型各异,是人们喜爱的水生花卉之一。如同我国的荷花一样,睡莲在国外早就栽培观赏。最早栽培者当数埃及,在尼罗河附近的班尼哈桑村,一座古墓中的壁画上记载着栽培埃及白睡莲一景,这一发现对于研究睡莲栽培史提供了可靠依据。     

花中美人——睡莲

睡莲是睡莲科睡莲属植物的统称。睡莲色泽鲜艳、多样,花型各异,是人们喜爱的水生花卉之一。如同我国的荷花一样,睡莲在国外早就栽培观赏。最早栽培者当数埃及,在尼罗河附近的班尼哈桑村,一座古墓中的壁画上记载着栽培埃及白睡莲一景,这一发现对于研究睡莲栽培史提供了可靠依据。     

睡莲微型化栽培试验

睡莲属(Nymphaea)是水生植物睡莲科(Nymphaeaceae)的一个重要属。自古以来成为我国湖、塘、庭园水池中点缀水景的名花。它与荷花一样出污泥而不染,花型秀美,色彩艳丽,花期长,因而赢得了人们的喜爱。为了培育适合城市居民家庭养花的小型睡莲品种,我们从1988年开始进行睡蓬微型化栽培试验,取得了较明显的效果。     

夜间开花的睡莲

说到“睡莲”、人们往往把它们与“睡”字联系在一起,以为睡莲是白天丹花,晚上花朵闭合（睡眠）的植物。其实不尽然。睡莲属植物中的热带睡莲,有一些品种的花朵是夜间开放,白昼闭合的。此类睡莲,它们的花朵通常在晚上8点左右开始展放,10点钟左右花瓣完全开放,次日上午8点,其花瓣开始回拢,到中午间点左右完全闭合。更奇妙的是,它们这种“值夜班”的习性,并不因地域的改变而变化。例如,在美国夜间开花的睡莲品种,被引种到中国后,并不困昼夜的倒置而表现为白天开花,依然夜开,昼六夜间开花的睡莲,卜分适宜家庭居室观赏,因而倍…     

睡莲属植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展

本文综述了睡莲属植物所含的黄酮及酚酸等化学成分,以及其抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、抗辐射、降血压和降血糖等多方面的生物活性,以期为睡莲属植物的开发利用提供一定的科学依据。     

Urinary oligosaccharides of fucosidosis. Evidence of the occurrence of X-antigenic determinant in serum-type sugar chains of glycoproteins.

Urine of a fucosidosis patient contained a large amount of fucosyl oligosaccharides and fucose-rich glycopeptides. Six major oligosaccharides were purified by a combination of Bio-Gel P-2 and P-4 column chromatographies and paper chromatography. Structural studies by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and by methylation analysis revealed that their structures were as follows: Fucalpha1 leads to 6GlcNAc, Fucalpha1 leads to 2Galbeta1 leads to 4(Fucalpha1 leads to 3)GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 2Manalpha1 leads to 3Manbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAc, Galbeta1 leads to 4(Fucalpha1 leads to 3)GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 4Manalpha1 leads to 4GlcNAc, Galbeta1 leads to 4(Fucalpha1 leads to3)GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 2Manalpha1 leads to 6Manbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAc, and Galbeta1 leads to 4(Fucalpha1 leads to 3)GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 4Manalpha1 leads to 6Manalpha1 leads to 6Manbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAc. In additon, the structure of a minor decasaccharide was found to be Galbeta1 leads to (Fucalpha1 leads to)GlcNAcbeta1 leads to Manalpha1 leads to [Galbeta1 leads to (Fucalpha1 leads to)GlcNAcbeta1 leads to Manalpha1 leads to]Manbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAc.     

横断山区的蝶类资源与珍稀蝴蝶的保护

横断山区的蝶类561种,隶属于12科,208属.在12科中,种类最多的是蛱蝶科148种,其次是眼蝶科117种,灰蝶科65种,凤蝶科63种,粉蝶科60种,弄蝶科60种,蚬蝶科18种,绢蝶科12种,斑蝶科9种,环蝶科6种,喙蝶科2种,珍蝶科1种.分布于横断山区的珍稀蝴蝶有44种,其中国家Ⅰ级保护的1种,Ⅱ级保护的3种.     

Structural study of the sugar chains of alpha-amylases produced ectopically in tumors

About thirty percent of two alpha-amylases produced from a serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovarium (case 1) and a bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma of the lung (case 2) was glycoproteins containing 1 mol of asparagine-linked sugar chain, respectively. The structures of the sugar moieties were found by sequential enzymatic degradation and methylation analysis to be as follows: [(Gal beta 1 leads to 4)0 or 1GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6(3)][GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3(6)]Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6)GlcNAc and [(Gal beta 1 leads to 4)0 or 1GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6][NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3]Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6)GlcNAc. Structures of asparagine-linked sugar chains were the same in the tumors of cases 1 and 2 and were incomplete in comparison with those of the parotid amylase.     

农田烟粉虱寄主植物调查初报

2001～2002年通过调查福州、漳州农田烟粉虱寄主范围,记录农田烟粉虱寄主植物17科62种(变种)．其中豆科7种、茄科6种、十字花科8种、葫芦科9种、菊科10种、苋科4种、藜科4种、旋花科2种、锦葵科2种、、大戟科2种、柳叶草科2种、蓼科1种、玄参科1种、番杏科1种、大麻科1种、免丝子科1种、伞形花科1种。农田烟粉虱寄主植物主要以蔬菜作物和农田阔叶杂草为主。     

上下视野空间选择性注意的ERP研究

该文主要研究上、下视野空间选择性注意早期所诱发的ＥＲＰ反应,探讨注意上、下视野视觉信息处理的特征与差别。１０名被试的主要实验果为：１）对上、下视野的选择注意产生类似于注意左、右视野时Ｐ１、Ｎ１,Ｐ２的相对增强;２）偶极子定位显示,上、下视野刺激的早期注意反应（Ｐ１）以交叉方式投射到枕区,即下视野刺激的注意反应偏向枕区的背侧,而上视野刺激的注意反应偏向枕区的腹侧;３）上下视野的早期注意反应（Ｐ１）具     

Transmitter-Induced Calcium Responses Differ in Astrocytes Acutely Isolated from Rat Brain and in Culture

Abstract: Glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes isolated from the cerebral cortices of 3–10-day-old rats frequently showed increased intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration responses to l -glutamate and glutamate analogues. However, few of the acutely isolated cells responded to ATP, and no such cells responded to serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]. The same cell that failed to respond to ATP or 5-HT often responded to glutamate. Culturing acutely isolated cells in media containing horse serum decreased Ca²⁺ responses to glutamate but increased the responses to ATP and induced responses to 5-HT. In primary cultures prepared from the cerebral cortices of 1-day-old rats and cultured in horse serum, fewer of the cells responded to glutamate, but almost all cells responded to ATP and 5-HT. The lack of, or limited response to, 5-HT or ATP in the acutely isolated cells seems unlikely to be due to selective damage to the respective receptors because acutely isolated GFAP-negative cells showed responses to ATP, several different proteases and mechanical dissociation yielded cells that also responded to glutamate but not to ATP, and exposure of primary cultures to papain did not abolish Ca²⁺ responses to several transmitters. The responses of the acutely isolated cells to glutamate but limited or lack of responses to ATP and 5-HT also correspond to what has been seen so far for astrocytes in situ. Thus, the present studies provide direct evidence that some of the receptors seen in primary astrocyte cultures may reflect a response to culture conditions and that, in the context of the relevant information so far available, acutely isolated astrocytes seem to reflect better the in vivo state.     

Bacteria and phytoremediation: new uses for endophytic bacteria in plants

The use of plants and bacterial to clean up environmental pollutants has gained momentum in past years. A limitation to phytoremediation of solvents has been toxicity of the compounds to plants, and the uncertainty as to the fate of many of the compounds. In a recent study, engineered endophytes have been shown to increase plant tolerance to toluene, and to decrease the transpiration of toluene to the atmosphere. This type of work has the potential to increase the use of phytoremediation by decreasing toxicity and increasing degradation of toxins.     

Specific residues within the alpha 2 integrin subunit cytoplasmic domain regulate migration and cell cycle progression via distinct MAPK pathways.

The alpha(2) integrin subunit cytoplasmic domain is necessary for epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated chemotactic migration and insulin-dependent entry into S-phase of mammary epithelial cells adherent to type I collagen. Truncation mutants revealed that the seven amino acids, KYEKMTK, in addition to the GFFKR motif were sufficient for these functions. Mutation of tyrosine 1134 to alanine inhibited the ability of the cells to phosphorylate p38 MAPK and to migrate in response to EGF but had only a modest effect on the ability of the cells to induce sustained phosphorylation of the ERK MAPK, to up-regulate cyclin E and cdk2 expression, and to enter S-phase when adherent to type I collagen. Conversely, mutation of the lysine 1136 inhibited the ability of the cells to increase cyclin E and cdk2 expression, to maintain long term phosphorylation of the ERK MAPK, and to enter S-phase but had no effect on the ability of the cells to phosphorylate the p38 MAPK or to migrate on type I collagen in response to EGF. Methionine 1137 was essential for both migration and entry into S-phase. Thus, distinctly different structural elements of the alpha(2) integrin cytoplasmic domain are required to engage the signaling pathways leading to cell migration or cell cycle progression.     

Author index

Binding of dexamethasone · receptors with isolated nuclei, DNA-cellulose and cellulose has been compared with respect to dependence on salt concentration and resistance to KCl extraction and DNAase I digestion. A solution of cytoplasmic dexamethasone-receptor complexes was prepared by the incubation of rat thymus cells with steroid at 3°C and breaking the cells by hypotonic lysis. Activation of the complexes was accomplished by warming the solution at 25°C for 15 min. Activation significantly increased the ability of dexamethasone · receptors to bind to nuclei and DNA-cellulose but not to cellulose. Dexamethasone-receptor complexes bound to nuclei at 3°C are completely resistant to extraction with 0.1 M KCl, 76% resistant to 0.2 M KCl and 20% resistant to 0.4 M KCl. Dexamethasone · receptors bound to DNA-cellulose are 45% resistant to extraction with 0.1 M and 0.2 M KCl and 29% resistant to 0.4 M KCl extraction. Cellulose-bound dexamethasone · receptors are not resistant to any of these extractions. DNAase I treatment releases 60% of the dexamethasone · receptors bound to DNA-cellulose but only 13% of those bound to nuclei, though at least 60% of the nuclear DNA is solubilized. The presence of 0.15 M KCl decreases binding of activated dexamethasone · receptors to nuclei by 73% but to DNA-cellulose by only 17%. Pretreatment of nuclei with 0.1–0.4 M KCl reduces their capacity to bind activated dexamethasone · receptors by 90% whereas similar treatment reduces the capacity of DNA-cellulose to bind dexamethasone · receptors by only 29%. Nuclei extracted with 0.1 M KCl appear to have a limited capacity to accept dexamethasone · receptors. These studies demonstrate that binding of dexamethasone · receptors to nuclei and DNA-cellulose differs by (a) the higher resistance of nuclear complexes to KCl and DNAase I treatment; (b) the much greater sensitivity of nuclei to KCl treatment.     

Specificity of the binding of trifluoperazine to the calcium-dependent activator of phosphodiesterase and to a series of other calcium-binding proteins

Trifluoperazine inhibits the activation of phosphodiesterase by binding to the calcium-dependent activator. To determine further the specificity by which trifluoperazine binds to activator, we compared the binding of trifluoperazine to activator prepared from several species and tissues and to a number of other calcium-binding proteins devoid of activator activity.Trifluoperazine binds to activator prepared from human, bovine, rat and rabbit brain and from chick embryo fibroblasts. In each case, the binding of trifluoperazine to activator was qualitatively similar and related quantitatively to the ability of the preparation to activate phosphodiesterase.Of the other calcium-binding proteins examined, namely, troponin-C, S-100 protein, phospholipase A, phospholipase B and myosin light chain, only troponin-C displayed any significant calcium-specific binding of trifluoperazine. The binding to troponin-C, however, appeared to be different from the binding to activator; whereas the binding of trifluoperazine to actovator showed no cooperativity, the binding to troponin-C showed positive cooperatively.These results and earlier data showing that trifluoperazine fails to bind to a variety of other proteins, indicate that the binding of trifluoperazine to the calcium-dependent activator of phosphodiesterase is selective and suggest that this binding may explain some of the biochemical and pharmacological actions of this antipsychotic agent.