马拉色菌相关人群及正常人群耳耵聍中马拉色菌带菌情况的调查

目的调查马拉色菌相关人群及正常人群耳耵聍中马拉色菌带菌情况。方法用结晶紫染色法对96例被调查人群耳耵聍进行马拉色菌检测,同时作培养,并以标准株作对照,用生理生化方法将耵聍中分离到的79株马拉色菌进行分类。结果马拉色菌相关人群耳耵聍中马拉色菌的直接检出率为91．84％（45／49）,培养阳性率为81．63％（40／49）,其中厚皮马拉色菌8株（16．33％）,合轴马拉色菌10株（20．41％）,糠秕马拉色菌22株（44．90％）。正常人群耳耵聍马拉色菌直接检出率为89．36％（42／47）,培养阳性率为78．72％（37／47）,其中厚皮马拉色菌5株（10．64％）,合轴马拉色菌8株（17．02％）,糠秕马拉色菌23株（48．93％）,斯洛菲马拉色菌1株（2．13％）。结论马拉色菌为正常人群及马拉色菌相关人群外耳道正常菌群,两组人群中马拉色菌的分离率和菌种分布无显著性差异。     

马拉色菌致病相关因子的研究进展

马拉色菌是人类和温血动物皮肤的常驻菌,亦是一种条件致病性真菌,它可以引起花斑癣、马拉色菌毛囊炎、脂溢性皮炎等多种疾病。脂酶、蛋白酶、磷脂酶和脂氧合酶等为马拉色菌主要侵袭性酶。马拉色菌与角质形成细胞共培养可引起角质形成细胞多种形态学改变、细胞因子含量变化和细胞凋亡。     

马拉色菌蛋白酶活性测定方法的建立及其应用

为建立检测马拉色菌蛋白酶的方法并检测不同来源菌株的蛋白酶活性 ,使用全脂牛奶平板法、BSA平板法检测 7株标准株 ,3 3株M .furfur、12株M .sympodialis、4株M .obtusa临床分离株和 2 8株M .furfur正常皮肤分离株蛋白酶活性 ,并检测温度、pH值和蛋白酶抑制剂对蛋白酶活性的影响。 7株标准株均检出蛋白酶活性 ,M .furfur临床分离株蛋白酶活性高于正常皮肤分离株 (p <0 .0 1) ,最高蛋白酶活性在 3 2℃、pH5.5时表达 ,EDTA能抑制其蛋白酶活性。全脂牛奶平板法为简便、可靠的测定马拉色菌蛋白酶活性的方法 ,蛋白酶活性与菌株的致病性相关     

马拉色菌相关疾病研究现状

马拉色菌感染是皮肤科常见的真菌感染性疾病,其中花斑癖的发病与该菌属存在着直接的相关性,目前研究表明脂溢性皮炎、特应性皮炎、马拉色菌毛囊炎、银屑病等相关疾病的发生与发展与马拉色菌属的感染存在着一定的联系。本研究综述结合相关文献报道,对马拉色菌属在一些常见皮肤疾病中的发病机制和相关致病机制作了一定概述。     

马拉色菌相关疾病研究现状

马拉色菌是一种存在于人体皮肤表面的真菌,容易诱发真菌感染性皮肤疾病,其中花斑癣的发病与该菌属存在着直接的相关性。目前研究表明脂溢性皮炎、特应性皮炎、马拉色菌毛囊炎、银屑病等相关疾病的发生和发展均与马拉色菌属的感染存在着一定的联系。在综合相关文献报道的基础上,对马拉色菌属在一些常见皮肤疾病中的发病机制进行了有关的概述。     

马拉色菌相关疾病的现状与研究进展

马拉色菌是人类及温血动物皮肤上的正常菌群之一,其与花斑癣、马拉色菌毛囊炎、脂溢性皮炎、银屑病等多种疾病的相关性日益受到关注,作者对马拉色菌的分类及其相关疾病的发病机制、病因、临床表现及诊断作一综述。     

江西地区花斑癣患者马拉色菌菌种分析

目的了解江西地区花斑癣患者马拉色菌菌种分布情况。比较传统吐温试验和改良吐温试验。方法对141例临床典型、真菌镜检阳性的花斑癣患者,采用Leeming和Notman培养基培养皮屑。以标准菌株为对照,按形态学和生理生化特点进行分类,分析马拉色菌菌种构成情况。同时比较传统吐温试验和改良吐温试验优缺点。结果培养到95株马拉色菌,分离出5个菌种:合轴马拉色菌62株,糠秕马拉色菌17株,球形马拉色菌9株,钝形马拉色菌6株,限制马拉色菌1株。结论合轴马拉色菌占有明显优势(65.26%)。改良吐温试验易于操作、费时短,尤其适合多标本的流行病学调查研究,值得推广。     

正常人耵聍中马拉色菌菌种构成研究

目的研究正常人耵聍中马拉色菌菌种构成及同一宿主耵聍中菌种是否一致。方法采集45名健康志愿者双侧耵聍,0.1%曲拉通X-100溶解稀释后接种于含菜籽油培养基,生化及形态学方法鉴定到种,同时提取菌种DNA,用真菌通用引物ITS1/ITS4做PCR扩增并测序鉴定。结果有44例(97.78%)双侧耵聍中均培养出马拉色菌(共分离出88株菌),菌种构成:糠粃马拉色菌29株(32.95%)、斯洛菲马拉色菌23株(26.14%)、合轴马拉色菌18株(20.45%)、球形马拉色菌11株(12.50%)、限制性马拉色菌7株(7.95%)。44例(88株菌)中双侧耵聍菌种相同者有38例(76株菌)(一致率86.36%)。结论正常人耵聍中马拉色菌菌种分布较广,主要菌种为糠秕马拉色菌。同一宿主双侧耵聍中马拉色菌菌种具有一定的一致性。     

糠秕马拉色菌药敏试验新方法的探讨

目的 建立一种新的糠秕马拉色菌药敏试验方法.方法 在ATBF2半固体培养基中添加不同种类和含量的脂质,用ATB Fungus 3药敏板条对ATCC14521和临床分离的糠秕马拉色菌进行了MIC测试.结果 孵育时间为72 h时对照孔中糠秕马拉色菌生长充分,吐温40浓度为1％时糠秕马拉色菌生长充分,且对药敏结果的影响最小.脂质的种类和含量对实验结果有影响.结论 用改良ATB Fungus 3药敏试验方法对糠秕马拉色菌进行抗真菌药敏试验,方法操作简便、结果易观察、试验结果重复性好.临床分离菌株与糠秕马拉色菌ATCC14521在ATB Fungus 3对照孔中的生长状况相同,结果易于判断.     

马拉色菌表型及分子生物学鉴定的研究进展

马拉色菌作为一种嗜脂性的条件致病菌引起人的感染逐渐增多,其与多种疾病的相关性也日益受到临床上的关注。现就其形态学、生理生化学及分子生物学的鉴定方法、研究现状作一综述。     

Malassezia Folliculitis in China

Superficial Malassezia folliculitis was diagnosed in 1-1.5% of all dermatology patients seen in a Dermatology Out-Patient clinic in Urumqi City, Xinjiang province, west China. It was most prevalent in healthy, middle-aged males in the warm seasons. This disease, first reported in 1969, is usually diagnosed as a systemic disease of immuno-compromised patients. Our findings indicate it is a relatively common superficial skin disease that can be managed with ketoconazole or itraconazole.     

Two new lipid-dependent Malassezia species from domestic animals

During a study on the occurrence of lipid-dependent Malassezia spp. in domestic animals, some atypical strains, phylogenetically related to Malassezia sympodialis Simmons et Guého, were shown to represent novel species. In this study, we describe two new taxa, Malassezia caprae sp. nov. (type strain MA383=CBS 10434), isolated mainly from goats, and Malassezia equina sp. nov. (type strain MA146=CBS 9969), isolated mainly from horses, including their morphological and physiological characteristics. The validation of these new taxa is further supported by analysis of the D1/D2 regions of the 26S rRNA gene, the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA, the RNA polymerase subunit 1 and chitin synthase nucleotide sequences, and the amplified fragment length polymorphism patterns, which were all consistent in separating these new species from the other species of the genus, and those of the M. sympodialis species cluster, specifically.     

Malassezia Baillon, emerging clinical yeasts

The human and animal pathogenic yeast genus Malassezia has received considerable attention in recent years from dermatologists, other clinicians, veterinarians and mycologists. Some points highlighted in this review include recent advances in the technological developments related to detection, identification, and classification of Malassezia species. The clinical association of Malassezia species with a number of mammalian dermatological diseases including dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, psoriasis, folliculitis and otitis is also discussed.     

Humoral immune response to Malassezia furfur in patients with pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis

Humoral immune responses against exoantigen components of oval, elliptic and round yeast forms of Malassezia furfur were analysed by ELISA and Western blotting assays, using sera from patients with pityriasis versicolor (PV), seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and healthy adults (HA), as control. Sera from patients with SD showed IgG anti-oval M. furfur titers ranging from 1/400 to 1/6400 showing geometric mean (GM) of 1/1472, higher than those obtained with sera from patients with PV (1/200 to 1/6400, GM = 1/1239). Both patient groups showed mean titres statistically superior (p < 0.05) than those obtained from HA (GM = 1/229). Similar data were also obtained with the elliptic and round antigens. However, the anti-oval IgG mean titers from patients' sera were much higher than those obtained with elliptic or round antigenic components (p < 0.05). Anti-M. furfur IgM titers obtained from patient's sera with PV against all three exoantigens were statistically superior (p < 0.05) than HA group. Patients with SD showed IgM titers statistically superior (p < 0.05) only to oval yeasts of M. furfur. The IgA mean titers from patients' groups against the different morphological antigens were shown be slightly higher than those HA group. By Western blot, using rabbit anti-sera, the different antigenic components of M. furfur showed a close relationship mainly between oval and elliptic yeast cells antigens. The 70 kDa component of the M. furfur exoantigen of oval morphology was recognized by 84% of the PV patients' sera. On the other hand, SD patients' sera recognized 3 principal components of 70 kDa (100%), 65 kDa (67%) and 84 kDa (53%). These components may be considered immunological markers for PV and SD. Twenty-five percent of HA sera recognized the components of 65, 70 and 94 kDa. This investigation shows that M. furfur antigens can sensitize the host, mainly the oval yeast form of M. furfur with a very important specific IgG response in patients with SD and PV. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

东南亚青年人群中马拉色菌菌种构成分析

目的：研究部分东南亚国家青年人群中马拉色菌菌种构成。方法采集285名青年人（分别来源于中国、尼泊尔、印度、巴基斯坦）面部正常皮肤及皮损区标本,接种于 Leeming ＆amp; Notman 培养基后进行培养分离,生化及形态学方法鉴定到种。结果共分离出8个菌种,共计501株马拉色菌,以球形马拉色菌为主,占40.5℅（203/501）,其次为合轴马拉色菌19.0℅（95/501）、糠秕马拉色菌16.0℅（80/501）、限制马拉色菌11.0℅（55/501）、斯洛菲马拉色菌6.2℅（31/501）等。各国家间未见明显的地理学差异。结论东南亚地区青年正常人群及马拉色菌相关疾病患者中的主要菌种为球形马拉色菌。     

The diversity of Pityrosporum (Malassezia) yeasts in vivo and in vitro

Conclusions In considering the diversity of the lipophilic yeasts it has been shown that in vivo both spherical and oval yeasts may be found in normal conditions on the skin and also associated with hyphae in scales from pityriasis versicolor. There is however generally a different distribution pattern on the body for two forms. This may indicate a different ecology for two distinct varieties or the varying conditions at each site may influence changes in the cell shape of a single species. It is striking that the spherical yeasts (P. orbiculare) have not been found in animals. In vitro, several morphological variants can be maintained, but the change from one form to another which is the subject of a number of reports will be one deciding factor leading to the opinion that P. orbiculare and P. ovale are synonymous. However, physiological differences such as growth rate, their viability in subculture and the analysis of proteins, are all characteristics which alone would be insufficient to support a taxonomic division but when added together confirm the morphological separation of isolates. It remains to be seen if DNA studies, which have so far unified the anthropophilic, lipid dependant Pityrosporum yeasts, will in fact continue to show that they should be confined to a single species.This paper was presented at the X^th congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology at Barcelona, Spain from June 27 to July 1, 1988.     

南海海军部队特发性瘙痒症患者皮肤马拉色菌定植调查

目的研究南海海军部队特发性皮肤瘙痒症患者皮肤马拉色菌的检出以及菌种的构成,探讨马拉色菌与特发性瘙痒症之间的相关性。方法对采自56例特发性瘙痒症患者与50例健康者的鳞屑标本进行真菌学镜检及采用菜子油培养基培养,根据菌落形态和生理生化特点进行菌种鉴定。结果观察组与对照组镜检阳性率分别为74．10％和72．00％,X2=0．344,P〉0．05两者比较无统计学意义。而镜检马拉色菌孢子密度Ⅲ级以上（每10个高倍视野≥50个者）,观察组与对照组分别为74．70％和38．89％,X2=20．30,P〈0．01。两者统计学比较差异有显著性意义。观察组168份标本共分离出143株马拉色菌,阳性率85．12％。其中合轴马拉色菌97株（67．83％）,球形马拉色菌26株（18．18％）,糠秕马拉色菌19株（13．29％）,钝形马拉色菌1株（0．70％）。对照组分离出马拉色菌107株,阳性率71．33％;其中糠秕马拉色菌55株（51．40％）,合轴马拉色菌33株（30．84％）,球形马拉色菌14株（13．08％）,钝形马拉色菌5株（4．67％）。菌种检出率和菌种构成差异均有显著性（X2=2．99,P〈0．01和7。X2=51.16,P〈0．01）。结论南海海军部队特发性瘙痒症患者皮肤马拉色菌载量较正常人高,其优势菌是合轴马拉色菌。