枯草芽孢杆菌SA-22β-甘露聚糖酶的纯化及其特性

利用硫酸铵沉淀、羟基磷灰石柱层析、SephadexG 75凝胶过滤和DEAE 5 2离子交换柱层析的方法 ,将枯草芽孢杆菌SA 2 2 β 甘露聚糖酶纯化了 30 75倍 ,同时 ,该酶比活达到 34780 5 6u mg ,收率达到 2 3 4 3%。利用SDS PAGE凝胶电泳和SephadexG 75凝胶过滤的方法测得枯草芽孢杆菌SA 2 2 β 甘露聚糖酶的分子量分别为 38kD和34kD。实验发现该酶的最适pH为 6 5 ,在pH 5～ 10的范围内稳定 ;该酶最适温度为 70℃ ,在 5 0℃保温 4h后其活力不变 ,在 6 0℃保温 4h后剩余酶活为 74 2 % ,70℃的酶活半衰期为 3h。实验还发现Hg2 对酶活力有明显抑制作用。该酶对槐豆胶和魔芋胶的Km 和Vmax值分别为 11 30mg mL ,4 76mg mL和 188 6 8(μmol·mL- 1 ·min- 1 ) ,114 94(μmol·mL- 1 ·min- 1 )     

工程菌酯酶B1的纯化及性质研究

工程菌酯酶B1降解酶经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE SepharoseCL 6B离子交换柱层析、SephadexG 1 5 0凝胶过滤 ,得到了分离纯化 ,SDS PAGE鉴定为单一组分。经 1 2 .5 %SDS PAGE法测得分子量约为 5 6KD ,提纯倍数为33.3,收率为 1 7.9%,比活力为 74 .7U/mg。该酶的最佳作用条件是 37℃ ,pH =7.0 ,该酶作用于α 乙酸萘酯的Km为1 .35× 1 0 -3 mM ,Vmax为 2 .7× 1 0 4μ/ml。酶在pH6～ 9范围内较稳定 ,重金属Cu2 对该酶具有明显的促进作用 ,而SDS对酶具有抑制作用 ,对有机磷农药对硫磷 (1 6 0 5 )的降解率在 90min内达 91 .5 %。     

棘孢曲霉SM-L22木聚糖酶系主要组分的纯化与性质

经超滤浓缩、分子筛色谱、阴离子和阳离子交换层析 ,由棘孢曲霉发酵液最终分离得到 4个电泳纯的木聚糖酶主要组分Xy 1、Xy 2、Xy 3和Xy 4。通过SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得各组分的分子量分别是 92 1 3、32 4 0、4 2 4 0和 2 7 0 3kD。实验证明这些酶组分均属于酸性木聚糖酶 ,Xy 1、Xy 2、Xy 3和Xy 4的最适反应pH分别为 5 0、4 0、4 6和 3～ 3 5。各酶组分在酸性条件下较稳定 ,碱性条件下酶活丧失较快。Xy 1及Xy 2的最适反应温度在75℃ ,在 5 0℃以下比较稳定 ;Xy 3及Xy 4最适反应温度为 5 5℃ ,在 4 0℃以下比较稳定。通过对各酶组分米氏常数的测定可知 ,Xy 1及Xy 2对底物桦木木聚糖的Km 值分别为 0 36 %和 0 2 6 % ,Xy 3及Xy 4的Km 值为 2 4 6 %和1 3 9%。 4种组分的Vmax 分别为 4 0 1 μmol min mg、8 81 μmol min mg、81 97μmol min mg、4 71 μmol min mg。Cu2 、Ag 对各组分都有较强的抑制作用 ,Mg2 、Ba2 、Ca2 能促进Xy 3的木聚糖酶活 ,Ca2 也可大幅度促进Xy 4的木聚糖酶活性。     

甘油氧化酶发酵条件及酶学性质的研究

日本曲霉 (AspergillusjaponicusAj113)发酵生产甘油氧化酶 (GlycerolOxidaseEC 1 1 3 - )的最适产酶条件 :初始pH 6 0- 6 5 ,温度 2 9± 1℃ ,培养时间 36h ,5 0 0ml三角瓶发酵液的装量为 10 0ml;酶的最适作用pH为 5 0 ,该酶在pH9 5 ,温度 30℃以下时稳定性较好 ;0 0 5mol L的硼砂 -碳酸钠缓冲液 (pH9 5 )对酶有较好的保存效果 ,Zn2 + 、Cu2 + 、Fe3+ 、Ca2 + 离子对酶有激活作用 ,Hg2 +离子对酶有强烈的抑制作用     

Cd、Pb对蟾蜍肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性及其同工酶的影响

以腹腔注射法分别对蟾蜍(Bufobufogargarizans)给Cd和Pb (按镉计0 . 2、0 . 4、0 . 8、1 .6mg/kg体重;按铅计2、4、8、16mg/kg体重) ,连续染毒7d后,观察不同浓度Cd、Pb染毒条件下的蟾蜍肝超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及其同工酶的变化。结果表明:在0 . 2mg/kg、0 4mg/kgCd和4mg/kg、8mg/kg和16mg/kgPb染毒,下蟾蜍肝SOD活性被显著诱导(P <0 . 0 5 ) ;前者酶带2 (Rf=0 . 4 3)活性增强,且均比对照增加1条新酶带(Rf=0 . 38) ;后者只表现为酶带1(Rf=0 . 5 1)和酶带2 (Rf=0 . 4 3)活性的增强,无新酶带的出现。     

萌发绿豆种子中的一种大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂钝化酶

通过 30 %～ 6 0 % (NH4 ) 2 SO4 分级沉淀、DEAE_SepharoseCL_6B离子交换层析、SephacrylS_2 0 0凝胶过滤层析和WatersAP_1离子交换层析 ,从萌发的绿豆 (Vignarabiata (L .)Wilczek)种子中分离纯化出一种可降解大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂 (STI)的蛋白酶。SDS_PAGE测定该酶的分子量为 2 9.8kD。该酶催化降解STI的Km 值为 76 9.2BAEE/mL ,Vmax为 115 .3BAEE·mL-1·min-1。该酶在 5 0℃、pH 8.0、相对酶活力 5 0 0 0BAEE/mL和 4h的反应时间时可将脱脂大豆粉中的STI活性钝化 90 .91%。该酶在温度低于 5 0℃及pH 6 .5～ 8.5时能保持其活性。     

聚丙烯腈纤维固定化青霉素酰化酶合成头孢氨苄的研究

将巨大芽孢杆菌胞外青霉素酰化酶通过共价键结合到聚丙烯腈纤维的衍生物上。制成的丝状固定化青霉素酰化酶表现活力达 1 5 3U g(湿重 )。固定化酶合成头孢氨苄的最适pH为 6 5 ,最适温度为 40℃。 7 ADCA的投料浓度以 4%为好 ,7 ADCA与PGME的投料量比率为1∶2 ,最佳用酶量为 1 70U g 7 ADCA。在pH6 5、温度 3 0℃时 ,固定化酶对 7 ADCA的表观米氏常数K7 ADCA为 0 1 6 2mol L ,对PGME的表观米氏常数KPGME为 0 3 6 4mol L ,最大反应速度Vmax为0 0 4 6 2mol·L- 1·min- 1,用固定化酶合成头孢氨苄 ,使用 5 0次保留酶活力 83 9%     

二氧化硫吸入对小鼠脑组织的氧化损伤

对昆明小鼠进行不同浓度SO2 吸入试验 ,然后测定脑组织中还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活性、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ,研究SO2 对小鼠中枢神经系统的氧化损伤作用 .雄鼠脑组织匀浆上清液GSH含量在SO2 浓度为 14mg m3 时明显上升 (P <0 0 5 ) ,浓度为 2 8、5 6和 84mg m3 时极显著降低 (P <0 0 1) ,而雌鼠在14和 2 8mg m3 时无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ,在 5 6和 84mg m3 时极显著降低 (P <0 0 1) .雌雄小鼠的GSH Px活性在 14和 2 8mg m3 时无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ,在 5 6、84mg m3 时均极显著降低 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 0 1) .在SO2 上述 4种吸入浓度下 ,雌雄小鼠的SOD活性均显著降低 (P <0 0 5 )或极显著降低 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 0 1) ;雄鼠和雌鼠的脂质过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)含量均极显著增高 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 0 1) .结果表明 ,小鼠脑组织对SO2 的氧化损伤作用非常敏感 ,是SO2 的靶器官之一 ,SO2 的污染可能与某些脑疾患有关     

脱乙酰壳聚糖固定化宇佐美曲霉木聚糖酶及固定化酶的性质和应用(英文)

研究壳聚糖吸附和戊二醛交联对木聚糖酶固定化条件 .将酶液加入到经醋酸溶液处理过的脱乙酰壳聚糖的pH 4 8的悬液中 ,加入浓度为 0 3%～ 0 4 %的戊二醛溶液 ,室温下 ,8h后得到固定化酶 .固定化酶的半失活温度比游离酶高 ,由 5 1℃升至 71℃ ,Km 值由游离酶的 1 2mg ml增加到1 5mg ml ,最适反应温度也由 5 5℃增加到 71℃ ,而最适反应pH由 4 6下降到 3 8.该固定化木聚糖酶可用于制造低聚木糖 .经过 10次连续应用实验后 ,该固定化酶的活力保持 81%     

樱桃砧木Colt离体叶片再生

以樱桃砧木Colt试管苗的叶片为外植体 ,通过先诱导愈伤组织分化不定芽以及叶片直接分化不定芽两种途径诱导再生。结果表明 :在MS附加NAA 1 0mg/L、KT3 0mg/L、ZT0 2 5mg/L培养基中 ,愈伤诱导率可达 1 0 0 % ;诱导的愈伤在MS附加NAA 0 2mg/L、IAA0 5mg/L、6 BA 0 5mg/L、KT 1 0mg/L、GA 0 5mg/L培养基中 ,不定芽分化率为 2 1 3% ;在MS附加 6 BA 6 0mg/L、NAA 1 0mg/L、GA 0 5mg/L中 ,叶片 -叶柄不定芽诱导率可达 48 3%。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.