Arthrobacter K1108乙内酰脲酶反应条件和立体选择性研究

研究了Arthrobacter K1108乙内酰脲酶的反应条件,结果表明,K1108乙内酰脲酶的最适反应温度为55℃,最适pH为7.0,Co^2 和Fe^2 对该酶有激活作用,而Ca^2 有严重抑制作用。K1108乙内酰脲酶的底物专一性较强,其最适底物为5－苄基乙内酰脲,5－苯基乙内酰脲和5－吲哚甲基乙内酰脲均不能作为其有效底物。对K1108乙内酰脲酶立体反应机制研究结果表明,其乙内酰脲水解酶不具立体选择性,决定产物立体构型的酶是N－氨甲酰氨基酸水解酶。     

重组黄杆菌肝素酶III的纯化、表征及培养条件对酶生产的影响

肝素酶III是一种特异性地裂解乙酰肝素的酶,在大肠杆菌中表达时容易形成包涵体。为实现肝素酶III的可溶性表达,利用谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)与肝素酶III融合性能,通过构建相应的表达质粒pGEX-heparinaseIII,在大肠杆菌中实现了肝素酶Ⅲ的可溶性表达。粗酶通过一步亲和纯化其纯度可达95%以上。通过对LB培养基摇瓶培养Escherichia coli BL21的诱导时机、诱导剂用量、诱导时间等培养条件的优化,确定了该可溶性肝素酶III融合蛋白的最适生产条件。通过对纯酶的最适反应温度、pH、Ca2+浓度等一系列性质研究,确定了该酶的最适反应条件。     

重组黄杆菌肝素酶Ⅲ的纯化、表征及培养条件对酶生产的影响

肝素酶Ⅲ是一种特异性地裂解乙酰肝素的酶,在大肠杆菌中表达时容易形成包涵体.为实现肝素酶Ⅲ的可溶性表达,利用谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)与肝素酶Ⅲ融合性能,通过构建相应的表达质粒pGEX-heparinaseⅢ,在大肠杆菌中实现了肝素酶Ⅲ的可溶性表达.粗酶通过一步亲和纯化其纯度可达95%以上.通过对LB培养基摇瓶培养Escherichia coli BL21的诱导时机,诱导剂用量、诱导时间等培养条件的优化,确定了该可溶性肝素酶Ⅲ融合蛋白的最适生产条件.通过对纯酶的最适反应温度、pH、Ca~(2+)浓度等一系列性质研究,确定了该酶的最适反应条件.     

泰山土壤宏基因组DNA中耐热β-半乳糖苷酶基因的克隆、表达及性质

从泰山土壤宏基因组文库中发现可能的β-半乳糖苷酶基因pwtsA,将其克隆到表达载体pET30a,转化E. coli BL21(DE3).工程菌在IPTG诱导下高效表达可溶性的重组蛋白PWTSA,分子量为57 kD,与预期大小一致.PWTSA能够水解ONPG产生o-硝基酚,酶活力为13.6 U/mg,确证了重组蛋白为β-半乳糖苷酶.PWTSA的最适反应温度在85℃-95℃之间,最适pH值为6.5,对90℃左右的高温有很好的耐受力.在标准反应条件下,酶作用于底物ONPG的米氏常数Km为0.83 mmol/L.     

Arthrobacter K1108乙内酰脲酶反应条件和立体选择性研究

研究了ArthrobacterK110 8乙内酰脲酶的反应条件 ,结果表明 ,K1108乙内酰脲酶的最适反应温度为 55℃ ,最适pH为 70 ,Co²⁺ 和Fe²⁺ 对该酶有激活作用 ,而Ca²⁺ 有严重抑制作用。K1108乙内酰脲酶的底物专一性较强 ,其最适底物为 5 苄基乙内酰脲 ,5 苯基乙内酰脲和 5 吲哚甲基乙内酰脲均不能作为其有效底物。对K1108乙内酰脲酶立体反应机制研究结果表明 ,其乙内酰脲水解酶不具立体选择性 ,决定产物立体构型的酶是N 氨甲酰氨基酸水解酶。     

天蓝色链霉菌海藻糖合酶的异源表达、活性分析及重组菌全细胞转化合成海藻糖的条件优化

从天蓝色链霉菌Streptomyces coelicolor克隆得到海藻糖合酶基因 (ScTreS),在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) 中进行了异源表达,通过 Ni-NTA 亲和柱对表达产物进行分离纯化得到纯酶,经 SDS-PAGE 测定其分子量约为62.3 kDa。研究其酶学性质发现该酶最适温度35 ℃;最适pH 7.0,对酸性条件比较敏感。通过同源建模和序列比对分析,对该基因进行定点突变。突变酶K246A比酶活比野生酶提高了1.43倍,突变酶A165T相对提高了1.39倍,海藻糖转化率分别提高了14%和10%。利用突变体重组菌K246A进行全细胞转化优化海藻糖的合成条件并放大进行5 L罐发酵,结果表明：在麦芽糖浓度300 g/L、初始反应温度和pH分别为35 ℃和7.0的条件下,转化率最高达到71.3%,产量为213.93 g/L;当底物浓度增加到700 g/L时,海藻糖产量仍可达到465.98 g/L。     

灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶功能表达及部分酶学特性

摘要:【目的】旨在用毕赤酵母高效表达灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶。【方法】借助DNAworks 3.1软件设计、优化引物,用自己构建的基因合成、定点突变平台合成了毕赤酵母密码子偏好性的灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶基因,测序后构建在表达载体pPICZαA上,整合于巴斯德毕赤酵母GS115染色体,来自酿酒酵母的α因子作为信号肽序列指导重组蛋白的分泌表达。从82个PCR检测为阳性的酵母转化子中筛选出6株高Zeocin抗性的菌进行表达,选表达酶活性最高的作为实验菌株命名为CIP/GS115。【结果】以ABTS为底物时,CIP/GS115 在甲醇诱导第4天酶活最高达到487.5 U/mL,是目前摇瓶培养诱导表达灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶活性最高报道。纯化后的酶最适反应温度为25℃,45℃酶反应速度是最适温度时的61.5%,在低于40℃时比较稳定,超过45℃稳定性迅速下降。最适反应pH 为5.0,在pH 4.5－6.5之间比较稳定。以不同的底物研究纯酶底物特异性发现最适底物的顺序是:ABTS ＞ 愈创木酚＞ 2,6-二甲氧苯酚＞ 2,4-二氯苯酚＞ 苯酚。【结论】灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶在毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达和高的特殊活性为该酶在废水处理、染料脱色等方面的工业化应用奠定了一定基础。     

人LYC5溶菌酶基因在毕赤酵母中的重组表达

LYC5是一种c型人溶菌酶蛋白。根据毕赤酵母密码子的偏爱性,对LYC5的mRNA编码序列进行优化设计,将优化后的基因序列克隆至毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,构建重组酵母表达质粒pPIC9K- LYC5 。重组质粒经线性化处理后转化毕赤酵母GS115,应用G418抗性筛选出高拷贝转化子,并对其进行摇瓶诱导表达,产物经SDS-PAGE电泳检测,发现在约15 kDa的位置出现了一条特异蛋白条带,此条带经LTQ Orbitra pelite MS鉴定,证明此蛋白即LYC5溶菌酶蛋白,表达量约为20 mg/L。对表达上清液进行活性分析,发现表达上清对溶壁微球菌具有较好的溶菌活性,活性约为40 000 U/mg,最适酶活反应温度为45℃,最适pH为5.0。采用基因工程方法,首次表达出了有生物学活性的人源LYC5溶菌酶蛋白,为深入探讨人溶菌酶家族成员的抗菌谱及其应用前景的研究奠定了基础。     

硫酸乙酰肝素3-O硫酸基转移酶5的表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

经过PCR克隆得到硫酸乙酰肝素3-O硫酸基转移酶5(3-OST-5)的基因,将其与大肠杆菌表达载体pET-15b连接后,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,使用镍亲和层析柱纯化得到具有活性的3-OST-5。经测定纯化后的3-OST-5比活达到0.58 U/mg,是纯化前的5.27倍,回收率达80.4%。在此基础上,研究了该酶的酶学性质,酶反应的最适温度为35℃,稳定范围为20-40℃;最适pH为7.0,在pH7.0-9.0范围内稳定。在反应液中加入终浓度为1 mmol/L的K+、Ca2+、Ba2+对酶促反应有一定的促进作用。     

原玻璃蝇节杆菌D-氨基酸氧化酶及突变体的酶学特性

【目的】研究原玻璃蝇节杆菌(DSM 20168)中D-氨基酸氧化酶的酶学特性。【方法】通过PCR从原玻璃蝇节杆菌(DSM 15035,20168)中克隆获得D-氨基酸氧化酶基因apdaao-1和apdaao-2,构建原核表达载体,以表达质粒pET-ApDAAO-2为模板,采用QuickChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis技术构建定点突变体,经过原核表达及纯化获得重组型和突变体酶蛋白,分析其酶学特性。【结果】通过原核表达及纯化成功获得了2个重组蛋白和4个突变体酶蛋白,SDS-PAGE检测显示其分子量均约为36 kDa;酶学特性分析表明,ApDAAO-2和突变体蛋白的最适反应温度为30℃;ApDAAO-2和T286A的最适反应pH范围为7.0-11.0,其它突变体为8.0-11.0;ApDAAO-2和突变体都具有较广泛的底物特异性,除T256K的最适底物为D-Phe外,其余均为D-Met;动力学参数测定结果显示,以二级表观常数kcat/Km表示,对于底物D-Met或D-Phe,ApDAAO-2和4个突变体的kcat/Km值均比ApDAAO-1和pKDAAO高数倍以上。【结论】ApDAAO-2及突变体具有比ApDAAO-1和pKDAAO更广泛的底物特异性和较高的催化效率,有一定的商业应用价值。     

Acetylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is mediated by GCN5

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a member of atypical serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinase family, plays a crucial role in pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Its kinase activity and substrate specificity are regulated by several independent pathways including binding with its activator, phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation. In the present study, we report that acetylation of CDK5 comprises an additional posttranslational modification within the cells. Among many candidates, we confirmed that its acetylation is enhanced by GCN5, a member of the GCN5-related N-acetyl-transferase family of histone acetyltransferase. Co-immunoprecipitation assay and fluorescent localization study indicated that GCN5 physically interacts with CDK5 and they are co-localized at the specific nuclear foci. Furthermore, liquid chromatography in conjunction with a mass spectrometry indicated that CDK5 is acetylated at Lys33 residue of ATP binding domain. Considering this lysine site is conserved among a wide range of species and other related cyclin-dependent kinases, therefore, we speculate that acetylation may alter the kinase activity of CDK5 via affecting efficacy of ATP coordination.     

当归多糖对K62细胞EpoR介导的信号转导通路研究

目的:研究当归多糖(APS)对K562细胞中EpoR介导的JAK2/STAT5信号转导通路的影响.方法:实验分为APS组(200mg/L APS)及阴性对照组(常规培养),两组细胞培养24h加入5×103IU/L Epo刺激,Western blot法检测Epo刺激不同时间后K562细胞核、浆蛋白中JAK2、STAT5的表达变化;免疫沉淀法检测其活性改变;采用免疫细胞化学技术和荧光显微镜观察其分布.结果:两组细胞培养24h加入Epo继续刺激对JAK2的表达影响不大,但APS组JAK2的活性较阴性对照组增强;Epo继续刺激K562细胞核中STAT5的表达及活性APS组都较阴性对照组增强.结论:APS在促进正常造血过程中,可能在EpoR介导的信号转导过程中增强JAK2、STAT5的酪氨酸磷酸化发挥重要作用.     

Inositol pyrophosphates as multifaceted metabolites in the regulation of mammalian signaling networks

Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-IPs) such as 5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (5-IP₇) are inositol metabolites with high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. The formation of PP-IPs is catalyzed by two groups of enzymes, the IP6 kinases and the PPIP5 kinases, which both phosphorylate inositol hexakisphosphate (IP₆). In mammals, PP-IPs are implicated in diverse biological phenomena including cellular growth, vesicular trafficking, apoptosis, and metabolic homeostasis. Mechanistically, all the diverse actions of PP-IPs proceed in one of two ways: the PP-IPs modulate the activity of their target proteins either through allosteric binding or protein pyrophosphorylation. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the pleiotropic functions of the mammalian PP-IPs and the metabolic enzymes that produce them. We also discuss some future challenges in the exploration of areas where PP-IPs play important but unknown roles in physiology and disease.     

含人纤溶酶原K5基因的腺病毒载体制备和功能研究

应用PCR将人纤溶酶原信号肽序列引入K5cDNA基因 ,与真核表达载体pcDNA3重组 ,形成重组质粒pcDNA3K5 ,与穿梭质粒pShuttle重组得pShuttleK5 ,经与腺病毒DNA重组 ,PCR鉴定正确 ,即为pAd K5。脂质体法将其转染 2 93细胞后 ,制备细胞裂解液 ;噬斑分析法测定病毒滴度为 5× 10 8pfu mL。将病毒以不同的感染系数 (MOI)感染人脐静脉内皮细胞株ECV30 4和人乳腺癌细胞株MDA MB 2 31,MTT法检测两者的增殖情况 :ECV30 4细胞增殖受抑制 ,而MDA MB 2 31细胞增殖未受明显影响。将感染病毒的ECV30 4细胞接种于ECMatrixTM胶 ,显示内皮细胞分化和毛细血管管腔形成受抑制。表明所构建的含人纤溶酶原K5基因的重组复制缺陷型腺病毒具有抑制ECV30 4细胞增殖、分化和管腔形成的作用而对MDA MB 2 31细胞的生长则无影响。     

beta-Catenin regulates P-cadherin expression in mammary basal epithelial cells

P-cadherin expression is restricted to the basal layer of stratified epithelia including that of the mammary gland. Although evidence for an important role of P-cadherin in mammary morphogenesis and tumorigenesis is increasing, the mechanisms that regulate its expression are poorly understood. We show that in basal mammary epithelial cells, beta-catenin is associated with the P-cadherin promoter and activates its expression independently of LEF/TCF in a cell-type specific manner. Down-regulation of endogenous beta-catenin levels by RNA interference technique inhibited P-cadherin promoter activity. In vivo, in skin and mammary gland of mutant mice, activation of beta-catenin signalling correlates with up-regulation of P-cadherin expression. These data suggest that beta-catenin-dependent modulation of P-cadherin expression can contribute to the establishment of the basal phenotype.     

Modulation of K+ translocation by AKT1 and AtHAK5 in Arabidopsis plants

Root cells take up K⁺ from the soil solution, and a fraction of the absorbed K⁺ is translocated to the shoot after being loaded into xylem vessels. K⁺ uptake and translocation are spatially separated processes. K⁺ uptake occurs in the cortex and epidermis whereas K⁺ translocation starts at the stele. Both uptake and translocation processes are expected to be linked, but the connection between them is not well characterized. Here, we studied K⁺ uptake and translocation using Rb⁺ as a tracer in wild‐type Arabidopsis thaliana and in T‐DNA insertion mutants in the K⁺ uptake or translocation systems. The relative amount of translocated Rb⁺ to the shoot was positively correlated with net Rb⁺ uptake rates, and the akt1 athak5 T‐DNA mutant plants were more efficient in their allocation of Rb⁺ to shoots. Moreover, a mutation of SKOR and a reduced plant transpiration prevented the full upregulation of AtHAK5 gene expression and Rb⁺ uptake in K⁺‐starved plants. Lastly, Rb⁺ was found to be retrieved from root xylem vessels, with AKT1 playing a significant role in K⁺‐sufficient plants. Overall, our results suggest that K⁺ uptake and translocation are tightly coordinated via signals that regulate the expression of K⁺ transport systems.     

Lead exposure induces changes in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine clusters in CpG islands in human embryonic stem cells and umbilical cord blood

Prenatal exposure to neurotoxicants such as lead (Pb) may cause stable changes in the DNA methylation (5mC) profile of the fetal genome. However, few studies have examined its effect on the DNA de-methylation pathway, specifically the dynamic changes of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profile. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the relationship between Pb exposure and 5mC and 5hmC modifications during early development. To study the changes in the 5hmC profile, we use a novel modification of the Infinium™ HumanMethylation450 assay (Illumina, Inc.), which we named HMeDIP-450K assay, in an in vitro human embryonic stem cell model of Pb exposure. We model Pb exposure-associated 5hmC changes as clusters of correlated, adjacent CpG sites, which are co-responding to Pb. We further extend our study to look at Pb-dependent changes in high density 5hmC regions in umbilical cord blood DNA from 48 mother-infant pairs from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort. For our study, we randomly selected umbilical cord blood from 24 male and 24 female children from the 1st and 4th quartiles of Pb levels. Our data show that Pb-associated changes in the 5hmC and 5mC profiles can be divided into sex-dependent and sex-independent categories. Interestingly, differential 5mC sites are better markers of Pb-associated sex-dependent changes compared to differential 5hmC sites. In this study we identified several 5hmC and 5mC genomic loci, which we believe might have some potential as early biomarkers of prenatal Pb exposure.     

拟南芥高亲和性K~+转运蛋白AtHAK5功能位点的鉴定

AtHAK5是拟南芥高亲和性钾转运体,其基因表达受低钾条件强烈诱导,编码蛋白在低钾条件下可以整合到质膜.生物信息学分析发现其氨基酸序列含有多处潜在的磷酸化位点.本研究假设这些位点对于AtHAK5的功能至关重要,为探讨AtHAK5的功能位点,分别将AtHAK5 cDNA和带有13种不同点突变位点的AtHAK5转化到athak5突变体中,获得14种稳定表达的转基因植株.利用athak5突变体根对Cs敏感的表型,最终确定T549A和T666A为非核心磷酸化位点.如下11个位点为AtHAK5功能必需位点:F85L,T86A,T311A,T359A,P551S,D552N,S603A,S604A,K668E,S698A和V713L.     

血管生成抑制因子K4K5 Cdna基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

应用PCR方法,扩增人纤溶酶原cDNA基因中K4K5 cDNA片段,与酵母表达载体pPIC9K重组,获得表达质凿p9kkk-18。该质粒转化毕赤酵母菌GS115,用G418－YPD筛选高拷贝表型,PCR筛选K4K5 cDNA与酵母染色体整全形成的阳性克隆,阳性克隆用甲醇诱导表达。表达产物r-K4K5分子量约21.5kD,占分泌总蛋白80％以上,产物浓度为150－250mg/L。初步纯化产物抑制牛毛细血管内皮（BCE）细胞增殖与鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜（CAM）新生血管生成。