Nonspecific and antigen-specific adhesiveness of circulating lymphocytes in dysentery patients undergoing combined therapy using thymalin and indomethacin

Nonspecific adhesiveness of lymphocytes to polyacrylonitrile fiber and the antigen-specific adhesiveness of T-lymphocytes to Shigella flexneri pellicular immunosorbent have been studied in dysentery patients. Short courses of treatment with indomethacin, but not with thymalin (the preparation of thymic hormones), used for immunomodulation, have accelerated the normalization of nonspecific lymphocyte adhesiveness during regression of the disease, while indomethacin, in contrast to thymalin, inhibits antigen-specific T-lymphocyte adhesiveness which increases with the development of immune response.     

Dynamics of immunological indices in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and the effect of thymalin therapy

The work deals with the results of the study of T-lymphocytes and their subpopulations (active, thermostable, theophylline-sensitive and theophylline-resistant) in 102 children with chronic viral hepatitis B, depending on the effectiveness of thymalin therapy. The sensitization of lymphocytes to specific antigens was studied. Among patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and cirrhosis of the liver the homozygous phenotype of haptoglobin is registered essentially more frequently (63.6% and 82.4% respectively) than among healthy persons (44.0%). The patients of this group showed a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes, disturbances in the suppressor/helper ratio: hypersuppression in persisting hepatitis and hyposuppression in active hepatitis. In 71.6% of cases thymalin therapy produced an effect manifested by clinico-biochemical remission, an increase in the number of T-lymphocytes, thermostable cells and the normalization of the T-suppressor/T-helper ratio. In these patients sensitization to HBsAg essentially decreased (from 30.5% to 13.9%), while sensitization to human liver lipoprotein retained its high level even after treatment with thymalin.     

人滋养细胞表面抗原（Trop-2）在病变子宫内膜中表达的研究

摘要 目的：探讨人滋养细胞表面抗原（trophoblast cell-surface antigens2,Trop-2）在病变子宫内膜中的表达及其临床相关性。方法：采用免疫组化法检测100例正常子宫内膜或病变子宫内膜组织中Trop-2蛋白的表达,其中单纯增生子宫内膜患者26例,复杂或不典型增生子宫内膜患者34例,子宫内膜腺癌患者20例,对照组为20例增生期子宫内膜患者。结果：免疫组织化学法研究结果显示,Trop-2蛋白在正常增生子宫内膜和单纯性增生子宫内膜中几乎不表达,在复杂或不典型增生子宫内膜组织中以及子宫内膜腺癌呈阳性表达。主要分布在细胞膜上,阳性率分别为35.29 %和65.00 %,经过对比子宫内膜癌组的阳性表达率显著高于复杂型或伴不典型增生子宫内膜组的阳性表达率（P<0.05）,且复杂型或伴不典型增生子宫内膜组的阳性表达率显著高于单纯性增生子宫内膜组（P<0.05）,其表达水平随内膜病变程度的加重而升高,呈正相关关系（P＜0.05）。结论：Trop-2蛋白在子宫内膜病变中的表达与其严重程度一致,可反映子宫内膜病变的发生发展,或可作为判断其严重程度的指标。     

Immunocorrective therapy of the traumatic syndrome

The effect of combined application of thymalin and plaferon in the prophylaxis and treatment of traumatic syndrome has been investigated in rats. The survival rate was taken as the criterion of efficiency, the mechanism of the effect obtained being estimated at the level of immunological protective factors. Traumatic shock was induced by Kennon's method in Wistar male rats weighing 200-250 g. Post-traumatic syndrome has been observed within 7 days. The combined application of thymalin and plaferon has increased the survival rate twice within the first 7 days. Immunomodulating effect of the combined application of thymalin and plaferon on the 7th day of traumatic syndrome was most marked at the level of total T-lymphocyte population, theophylline-sensitive T suppressors and lysozyme blood serum activity.     

Morphofunctional status of the thymus in guinea pigs exposed to thymus and bone marrow preparations

Study of the effect of the polypeptide thymic factor (thymalin) and the polypeptide bone marrow factor (hemalin) on the morphofunctional status of the thymus in guinea-pigs has shown that injection of thymalin into animals increases the count of small lymphocytes whereas injection of hemalin the count of medium-sized lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. Injection of thymalin magnifies the size of the nuclei of the reticuloendothelial cells.     

Differentiation characteristics of circulating and bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and the effect of thymus factors

Circulating hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) considerably differ from bone marrow HSC in active erythroid differentiation. After thymectomy of adult animals the number and differentiation of blood HSC remain unchanged, whereas during the cloning of bone marrow cells, a decrease in the number of granulocytic colonies is revealed. In in-vitro experiments, thymalin does not influence the number or differentiation of circulating HSC. On the contrary, in experiments made in vivo, it dramatically lowers erythroid specialization of blood HSC in thymectomized and sham-operated mice, which is followed by the diminution of the total number of circulating HSC. Differentiation of thymectomized mice bone marrow stem cells is completely normalized after thymalin injection. Sham-operated and thymectomized animals' HSC stimulated by thymalin injection become similar to bone marrow cells of normal mice as regards the trend of differentiation. Thymalin injection is likely to change the bone marrow HSC differentiation profile, thereby preventing the release of the cells with erythroid-oriented differentiation from the bone marrow to blood. The influence of thymalin on HSC is mediated by the environmental component which is present in the bone marrow and absent from the peripheral blood.     

Effect of thymalin on the function of the blood kallikrein-kinin system in thymectomized rats

The effects of thymus ablation and injection of thymalin on the blood plasma kallikrein-kinin system were studied. Thymus ablation was followed by activation of kinin formation, evidenced by an elevation of the total kallikrein activity and drop of the kininogen level. Injection of thymalin into thymectomized animals makes the characteristics under study return to normal.     

Expression of telomerase genes as potential marker of neoplastic changes

We conducted a quantitative analysis of TERT, TP1 and hTR mRNA expression in various types of endometrial hyperplasia in perimenopausal women, taking advantage of the real-time PCR assay. All women underwent hysterectomy for gynecological reasons. Endometrial dating was determined from the patomorphology of the endometrium and classified into endometrial hyperplasia: simplex, complex and atypica. Our data suggest that only hTR was observed in each normal and hyperplastic endometrium specimens, suggesting that this factor constitutively expressed in endometrium. The results obtained indicate that the expression activity of the TERT subunit changes but not significantly, depending on the stage of development of the hyperplasia.     

An alternative to the diagnostic dilatation and curettage--endometrial cytology.

Endometrial aspiration cytology has been shown by multicentre prospective studies to be an acceptable and valuable method of assessing the endometrium. A retrospective study was undertaken over three years'' routine use of the Isaacs cell sampler. In 86% of the cases suitable endometrium was obtained, with experience of the technique being the important factor. When compared with histological findings, all 11 cases of malignancy were confirmed, including one ovarian adenocarcinoma. Of the cytological reports of endometrial hyperplasia, 78% were confirmed by the histological findings, with the remainder showing minor degrees of cystic hyperplasia or normal endometrium. In no case was a more abnormal lesion present on histological examination than had been suggested by cytological findings. The use of progestogens in reversing hyperplasia is seen to be effective, though the long term benefit remains uncertain. It is concluded that with an experienced cytologist, Isaacs endometrial aspiration should be used routinely for the primary investigation of dysfunctional uterine bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding.     

Digital image analysis of silver-stained nucleolar organizer region--associated proteins in endometrial cytologic samples

OBJECTIVE: Digital image analysis was applied to determine the number, area and size of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in cytologic samples from curettage in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-two archival cytologic smears from curettage (previously stained by the Papanicolaou method) with the histologic diagnosis (4 inactive endometrium, 5 secretion, 5 proliferation, 5 simple hyperplasia, 5 complex hyperplasia, 3 atypical hyperplasia, 5 adenocarcinoma, grade 1) were analyzed with the AgNOR technique. Count, area and size of AgNORs were analyzed in 50 cells per sample using a magnification of 1,000x. Quantitative analysis was performed on an SFORM digital imaging system. Data were analyzed with the SPSS/PC+ program. Mann-Whitney and chi 2 tests were performed. RESULTS: The average value of AgNOR count increased from normal to hyperplastic endometrium and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Differences were significant except between atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Four, five and more AgNORs in 40% or more of the nuclei were found in complex and atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Proliferation, and simple and atypical hyperplasia had similar mean values of AgNOR area. The mean total AgNOR area value increased from normal to hyperplastic had similar mean values of AgNOR area. The mean total AgNOR area value increased from normal to hyperplastic and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Differences were statistically significant. AgNOR size in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly different from that in normal endometrium and different grades of hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: Digital image analysis of AgNOR count, area and size enabled a distinction to be made between normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium.     

凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin在增生性子宫内膜及子宫内膜癌中的表达

目的　研究凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin在正常子宫内膜、增生性子宫内膜及子宫内膜癌中的表达 ,探讨Survivin蛋白在子宫内膜癌发生发展中的作用及其作为预后判断因子的可行性。方法　应用免疫组织化学S P法 ,检测 15例正常子宫内膜、 2 6例增生性子宫内膜及 33例子宫内膜腺癌中Survivin蛋白的表达 ,并结合临床病理特点进行分析。结果　Sur vivin蛋白的阳性表达率在正常子宫内膜 ,增生性子宫内膜及子宫内膜癌中呈上升趋势。正常子宫内膜仅在增生期有微弱的表达 ,而分泌期及绝经期子宫内膜表达全为阴性 ;而Survivin在子宫内膜癌中及不典型增生中的阳性表达率分别为87 88%和 70 0 % ,均明显高于正常内膜 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且两者的过表达率均高于单纯和复合型增生及正常内膜 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但子宫内膜癌中与不典型增生中的Survivin表达率及过表达率均无明显差异。子宫内膜癌中Survivin的表达强度与组织学分级及手术病理分期明显相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但与肌层浸润无关。结论　Survivin作为凋亡相关因子和细胞周期调节因子 ,可能参与了与子宫内膜癌的发生发展 ,其过度表达与预后不良相关 ,其检测可为子宫内膜癌的早期诊断、辅助治疗及预后判断提供理论依据。     

P63在子宫内膜样腺癌的表达及意义

目的检测正常子宫内膜、子宫内膜增生症和子宫内膜样腺癌（endometriod adenocarcinoma,EC）组织中P63的表达,探讨P63与子宫内膜样腺癌发生、发展及预后的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测正常子宫内膜（20例）,子宫内膜增生症（20例）,子宫内膜样腺癌（50例）组织中P63蛋白的表达。结果（1）正常子宫内膜中仅1例增生期内膜中有P63表达,阳性细胞零星分布于极个别腺体的基底部。子宫内膜增生症和子宫内膜样腺癌组织中,P63阳性细胞常相对集中分布于某一区域的腺体或实性巢,染色强。（2）EC组和子宫内膜增生症组P63的阳性率分别为46％和50％,与正常子宫内膜组（5．0％）比较差异有显著性护〈0．05）。子宫内膜增生症组P63的阳性率与EC组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。（3）P63的表达与EC的分化程度无关（P〉0．05）。结论（1）EC组织中P63阳性细胞可能来源于胚胎时期的未分化细胞,具有多向分化的潜能。（2）P63与EC的发生发展有关,可能起癌基因的作用。（3）P63在子宫内膜增生症组织中高表达,表明P63与子宫内膜的异常增生相关。     

Effect of thymagen, thymalin and vilosen on the cAMP and cGMP levels and phosphodiesterase activity in spleen lymphocytes during sensitization and anaphylactic shock]

It is established that the effect of thymus-derived species is connected with the cyclic nucleotide system. The action of thymus-derived immunocorrectors (thymalin, thymagen, vilosen) on catabolic processes of cyclic nucleotides has been observed under conditions of anaphylaxy and sensibilization. They show that sensibilization of the animal is bound up with a decrease of the cAMP/cGMP ratio. Anaphylaxis induces levelling of the cAMP/cGMP ratio up to the reference level. So, activity of enzymes of cyclic nucleotide catabolism grows due to the influence of thymogen, thymalin and vilosen in lymphocytes of sensibilized guinea pigs and tends to an increase in lymphocytes of anaphylaxis-treated animals.     

神经细胞黏附因子在子宫腺肌病病灶中的表达及意义

目的:探究神经细胞黏附因子(NCAM)在子宫腺肌病病灶中的表达及意义。方法:将2016年6月~2017年6月在我院接受治疗的80例子宫腺肌病患者作为研究对象,包括分泌期与增生期各40例,采用免疫组化法检测,其在位内膜、异位内膜组织中NCAM表达情况,并以同期我院40例正常者子宫内膜标本作为对照。对子宫腺肌病患者痛经程度给予NRS疼痛评估,比较其NCAM的表达。结果:80例子宫腺肌病在位内膜、异位内膜均存在NCAM表达,40例正常内膜腺上皮有38例存在NCAM表达,2例正常内膜无表达。NCAM在异位内膜组织中的表达明显高于在位内膜及正常子宫内膜(P0.05),差异均有统计学意义。NCAM在在位内膜组织分泌期表达与增生期差异有统计学意义(P0.05);子宫腺肌病异位病灶NCAM表达与患者NRS评分呈现明显正相关(r=0.824,P0.05)。结论:NCAM在异位子宫内膜高表达,可能参与了子宫内膜异位症的发生和发展,并与患者痛经程度呈现出正相关。     

Colony-forming units of the bone marrow and spleen of immunodeficient mice after stimulation of the cells with thymalin

It has been previously demonstrated by the authors that histological characteristics of colony-forming units (CFUs) in normal mice prove a certain shift in their differentiation in erythroid direction comparing to the bone marrow CFUs. Thymectomy of mature animals is accompanied with weakening growth of granular colonies at cloning of the bone marrow CFUs and with loss of stability in direction of splenic CFUs differentiation. Polypeptide preparation of the thymus--thymalin stimulates growth of the granulocytic colonies from the splenic CFUs in thymectomized mice both in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Differentiation of the bone marrow CFUs is normalized under the effect of thymalin in in vivo experiment only. The data obtained confirm the suggestion made by R. V. Petrov on existence of T-cell clone, enhancing CFUs differentiation in granulocytic direction. Activation of this clone in the spleen is revealed at thymectomy and stimulation of the cells with thymalin both in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Thus, affirmations are obtained on differences of clonic T-cell regulation of the CFUs differentiation in the bone marrow and in the spleen.     

有生育要求女性子宫内膜不典型增生的微创治疗

目的：探讨对于有生育要求的子宫内膜不典型增生患者采用宫腔镜微创治疗保留子宫的疗效。方法：回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2000年1月-2013年3月因子宫内膜不典型增生行子宫内膜电切术（TCRE）的30例患者的临床资料。术后口服高效孕激素（甲羟孕酮）160mgqd3月或置入宫内左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释植入系统（曼月乐）,对两组患者月经及子宫内膜的病理进行随访。结果：两组患者TCRE手术均顺利完成,未发生严重并发症,术后月经过多、经期延长及贫血均得到明显改善,总有效率93．73％。其中口服高效孕激素组有效率为90．48％,置入曼月乐组有效率为96．30％。结论：对有随访条件的年轻的子宫内膜不典型增生患者,TCRE术联合孕激素或置入曼月乐是治疗的新选择,针对妇女的生育要求可以选择不同的术后用药。微创治疗提高了妇女的生存质量,并发症少。     

Tumour-suppression activity of the proapoptotic regulator Par4

The proapoptotic protein encoded by Par4 (prostate apoptosis response 4) has been implicated in tumour suppression, particularly in the prostate. We report here that Par4-null mice are prone to develop tumours, both spontaneously and on carcinogenic treatment. The endometrium and prostate of Par4-null mice were particularly sensitive to the development of proliferative lesions. Most (80%) Par4-null females presented endometrial hyperplasia by 9 months of age, and a significant proportion (36%) developed endometrial adenocarcinomas after 1 year of age. Similarly, Par4-null males showed a high incidence of prostate hyperplasia and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias, and were extraordinarily sensitive to testosterone-induced prostate hyperplasia. Finally, the uterus and prostate of young Par4-null mice have increased levels of the apoptosis inhibitor XIAP (X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis), supporting the previously proposed function of Par4 as an inhibitor of the (zeta)PKC (atypical protein kinase)-NF-(kappa)B (nuclear factor-(kappa)B)-XIAP pathway. These data show that Par4 has an important role in tumour suppression, with a particular relevance in the endometrium and prostate.     

Morphofunctional features of the nucleoli in glandular hyperplasia and endometrial cancer]

The morphofunctional peculiarities of epithelial cells nucleoli in patients with glandular hyperplasia and endometrial cancer has been studied on the cytological smears from endometrium stained with silver nitrate were investigated. The patterns of nucleolonemic nucleoli content and high activity of nucleolar organizers in cancer of corpus uteri are revealed.