五大类传统植物激素对植物响应盐胁迫的调控

综述盐胁迫下5大类传统植物激素的含量变化及外施植物生长调节剂对植物耐盐性的影响,阐述植物激素对植物响应盐胁迫应答的调控机制.     

植物生长调节物质的研究进展

述评了近几年国内外在植物激素与植物体内信使的传递、植物激素与基因诱导和表达、植物生长物质的复合使用、新型植物生长物质的开发及植物激素对提高植物抗逆性的作用等方面的研究进展,并展望了植物生长物质的发展趋势。     

芸薹素与其他植物激素相互作用的研究进展

芸薹素是植物中发现的固醇类激素,对植物的生长和发育等起着非常重要的作用,而这些重要的生理功能通常又需要通过与其它植物激素的相互作用.主要对芸薹素与其他植物激素之间相互作用的研究进展进行了综述.     

ROS在植物激素信号转导中的作用（综述）

植物能感受外界环境信息的刺激,并通过复杂的信号转导体系调节植物特定基因的表达,引起相应的生理生化反应,以适应不断变化的环境条件.研究表明,活性氧作为第二信使参与了植物激素信号转导,本文对其在植物激素信号转导中的作用进行综述.     

新中国成立70年来植物激素研究进展

植物激素是指植物通过自身代谢产生的,在很低浓度下就能产生明显生理效应的一些有机信号分子,在植物生长发育及环境响应过程中具有至关重要的作用.中国科学家利用植物组织离体培养、以突变体为主导的分子遗传学手段及以水稻农艺性状为核心的植物激素研究策略,在植物激素的生理功能、生物合成及代谢、信号感知及传导等方面均取得了较大的成就,较好地推动了植物激素的理论研究及生产应用.本文主要总结了我国科学家在生长素、细胞分裂素、油菜素甾醇、赤霉素、乙烯、脱落酸、茉莉素、水杨酸、独脚金内酯及多肽激素研究中取得的重要进展,以此来启发并激励我国年轻一代植物学家能在植物激素研究中取得更多具有原始创新性的研究成果.     

植物激素受体研究进展

植物激素对植物的生长发育以及在植物应对逆境方面具有重要的调节作用,植物激素受体是植物激素信号转导途径中的一个关键环节,倍受关注。近年来,由于生物化学与分子生物学和遗传学结合,使得植物激素受体的研究取得了很大进展。综述了5种经典植物激素受体以及油菜素内酯和茉莉酸受体在生物化学、遗传学和分子生物学三个层面上的研究成果,旨在为进一步研究植物激素作用机制提供参考资料。     

植物激素的受体和诱导基因

植物激素在植物生长发育的诸多方面发挥着重要作用。近年来,随着植物分子遗传学和分子生物学的发展,有关植物激素信号转导分子机制的研究取得了较大的进展。本文介绍了生长素、赤霉素、脱落酸和乙烯四种植物激素信号转导途径中的受体和诱导基因的研究进展,并展望了用生物信息学方法研究植物激素诱导基因的前景。     

茉莉酸调控植物应对逆境胁迫作用的研究进展

植物在其生长发育周期中,很容易受到外界不利因素的影响,导致农林业发展造成很大的影响.植物激素是植物体内响应外界刺激和信号传导的化学信号分子,对植物的生命过程有着重要的调控作用.近年来,研究发现茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)作为一种重要的植物激素广泛参与植物形态发育相关的多种生物学过程,调节植物对外源生物或者...     

《新发现的植物激素》书评

植物激素是植物体内合成的一批微量信号分子,通过整合不断变化的外界环境与内部发育信号,从分子、细胞、组织和器官水平上调控植物的生理生化反应和形态建成,确保植物正常的生长发育。近年来,有关植物激素作用机理的研究十分活跃,并在植物激素受体和信号转导途径等研究领域取得了重要进展,植物激素已由＂经典＂的5大类（生长素类、赤霉素类、     

植物激素在苔藓生长发育与逆境响应过程中的作用机制研究进展

植物激素是由植物自身代谢产生的一类从产生部位移动到作用部位发挥调控功能的微量小分子有机物质,在植物生长发育、响应环境胁迫过程中起到关键作用.苔藓植物作为早期登陆的非维管植物,处于陆生植物进化早期的阶段,具有许多不同于维管植物的形态和生理特征.大部分苔藓中普遍存在8种主要的植物激素及其衍生物(包括ABA、JA、ET、SA...     

Thermodynamic properties of oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase, and ligase reactions

Transferases formally couple together two oxidoreductase reactions or two hydrolase reactions. Therefore the thermodynamic properties of transferase reactions can be calculated from differences between thermodynamic properties of two oxidoreductase or two hydrolase reactions. Ligases couple together two hydrolase reactions, and so their thermodynamic properties can be calculated from differences between two hydrolase reactions. These relationships are demonstrated by calculating standard transformed Gibbs energies of reaction and the changes in binding of hydrogen ions at pHs 5-9 of a number of oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase, and ligase reactions by use of the data base BasicBiochemData2 and its recent extensions. Coupling is not restricted to two reactions, and an example is given of the coupling of three reactions.     

Evidence for Two Morphotypes of Lake Charr, Salvelinus Namaycush, from Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada

The lake charr, Salvelinus namaycush, is generally characterized as a morphologically stable specialized deepwater piscivore. Empirical observations suggested the existence of two or more morphotypes of lake charr in Great Bear Lake, NWT. I gathered morphological data over two seasons from a total of 72 individuals and used principal components analysis to summarize variation in the dataset. UPGMA classification showed that there were two groups in the dataset. I classified individuals into one of two morphotypes using discriminant function analysis. The two forms differed primarily in head proportions. I developed a function, usable in the field, that classifies 80% of all specimens correctly. This study represents one of the first documentations of sympatric morphotypes of lake charr outside the Laurentian Great Lakes and provides the basis for further investigation into origins of and genetic, morphological and ecological differences between the forms.     

东阳江麝鼩与黄山小麝鼩分类地位商榷

东阳江麝鼩和黄山小麝鼩是最近分别依据地理位置相近的两地点采集标本描记的新物种,从形态学和分子生物学方面对这两个麝鼩新物种进行比较后,发现这两个物种形态描述上多处相似,外形和头骨测量数据多处重叠;线粒体和核基因分析表明两个物种在分子系统树上混杂在一起,没有相互呈现单系;两模式标本Cytb的遗传距离仅为1.1％;在GenB...     

pK a of ubiquinone,menaquinone, phylloquinone,plastoquinone, and rhodoquinone in aqueous solution

Photosynthesis Research - Quinones can accept two electrons and two protons, and are involved in electron transfer and proton transfer reactions in photosynthetic reaction centers. To date, the pK...     

The genus Unixenus Jones, 1944 (Diplopoda, Penicillata, Polyxenida) in Australia

The penicillate genus Unixenus Jones, 1944 is widespread, with species found in Africa, Madagascar, India and Australia. Each of the two Australian species was originally described from single samples from Western Australia. In this study, collections of Penicillata from museums in all states of Australia were examined to provide further details of the two described species, to revise the diagnoses for both the genus and the species, and to better understand the distribution of the two species in Australia. In addition, two new species Unixenus karajinensissp. n. and Unixenus corticolussp. n. are described.     

Ammonium Sulfate Fractionation of Sera: Mouse, Hamster, Guinea Pig, Monkey, Chimpanzee, Swine, Chicken, and Cattle

Optimal (NH(4))(2)SO(4) concentrations were sought for serum fractionation in order to obtain the gamma globulin as free as possible from other serum components while maintaining a reasonable recovery. Various ammonium sulfate concentrations were used to fractionate sera from mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, chimpanzees, swine, chicken, and cattle. All precipitates and supernatants were analyzed by electrophoresis to study the effects of various treatments on the composition of these materials. Approximately 75% of all the gamma globulins were recovered when each serum was fractionated with its optimal sulfate concentration. These optimals were determined to be as follows: three precipitations in 35% saturated ammonium sulfate (SAS) for hamster, chimpanzee, swine, and chicken serum; one precipitation in 35% SAS followed by two in 40% SAS for mouse and guinea pig serum; one precipitation in 30% SAS and then two in 40% SAS for monkey serum; and one precipitation in 30% SAS followed by two in 35% SAS for cattle serum.     

Chromosomal phylogeny of Lagothrix, Brachyteles, and Cacajao

Based on a comparison of the karyotypes of two Plathyrrhini species, Cacajao melanocephalus (Pitheciinae) and Brachyteles arachnoides (Atelinae), with those of two previously studied species, Lagothrix lagothrica (Atelinae) and C calvus rubicundus (Pitheciinae), it appears that the two Cacajao species have undergone the same number of chromosome rearrangements since they diverged from their common ancestor and that the karyotype of Brachyteles is ancestral to that of Lagothrix. The chromosomal phylogeny of these four species is proposed. A Y-autosome translocation is present in the karyotypes of the two Cacajao species.     

Fragile sites, telomeric DNA sequences, B chromosomes, and DNA content in raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides, with comparative notes on foxes, coyote, wolf, and raccoon

Earlier studies of the genus Nyctereutes disclosed two subspecies of differing chromosome numbers accompanied by B chromosomes. To further define the relationship of these subspecies to each other, and to other carnivores, and to learn more about the structure and function of their chromosomes, we characterized and compared the genomes in terms of DNA content by flow cytometry, fragile sites induced by aphidicolin, and telomere sequences using biotinylated DNA probes detected with fluorescence. We also characterized the B chromosomes of these two subspecies.     

Genetic structure of threespine stickleback,Gasterosteus aculeatus,in Lake Harutori,Japan, with reference to coexisting anadromous and freshwater forms

Both anadromous and freshwater forms of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) inhabit Lake Harutori on the pacific coast of eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Since the two groups of threespine sticklebacks, Pacific Ocean and Japan Sea groups, which showed high genetic differentiation between them, were sympatrically distributed on the Pacific Ocean coast of Hokkaido Island, the genetic structures of the two forms were examined in Lake Harutori. Allozyme analyses of the two forms showed that most specimens from Lake Harutori belonged to the Pacific Ocean group, with a few fish belonging to the Japan Sea group or representing hybrids between the two groups. Both anadromous and freshwater sticklebacks were detected in the Pacific Ocean group. There were no significant differences in allelic frequencies at 17 presumptive loci between the two forms. Analyses of genetic relationships among 5 populations showed that the freshwater population from Lake Harutori was genetically more closely related to the sympatric anadromous population than to the freshwater population from a neighboring river. These results suggested that anadromous and freshwater sticklebacks in Lake Harutori form a single breeding population, and that the two forms might represent a life-history polymorphism within a single population.     

SEXUAL SELECTION,SPACE, AND SPECIATION

A Fisherian model of sexual selection is combined with a diffusion model of mate dispersal to investigate the evolution of assortative mating in a sympatric population. Females mate with one of two types of polygynous males according to a male's display of one of two sex-limited, autosomal traits; these male traits may be associated with differential phenotypic mortalities. Through a Fisherian runaway process, female preferences and male traits can become associated in linkage disequilibrium, leading to patterns of assortative mating. Dispersing males, whose rate of movement is dependent on mating success, carry female preference genes with them, and displaced males thereby produce daughters with preference genes for their respective traits in locally higher than average frequencies. The reduced diffusion of the more preferred males permits the success of other male types in adjacent areas. Thus, mating-success dependent diffusion, when coupled with the rapid divergence in phenotypes possible under the Fisher process, can lead to the coexistence of two female preferences and two male traits in sympatry. We argue that many existing approaches to sympatric speciation fail to explain observed male polymorphisms because they exclude explicit spatial structure from their speciation models.