Possible mutagenic action of a tularemia vaccine

No increase in the number of chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow cells of the Wistar rats was observed on the 1st, 2nd, 7th and 15th days after epidermal and intradermal immunization by tularemic live vaccine. Subcutaneous injection of great quantities of tularemic microbic cells which were not used in practice increased the number of cells with chromosome aberrations only on the second day.     

Experimental study of the pulmonary form of plague, tularemia and pseudotuberculosis]

There was revealed a regular reduction of plague, tularemia and pseudotuberculosis bacteria count in the lungs of guinea pigs the first 12 hours after aerosol infection. Generalization of the infectious process and associated septicemia occurred in pulmonary plague and pulmonary tularemia on the 1st-2nd day, and in pulmonary pseudotuberculosis - on the 4th-5th day. Limits of accumulation of the causative agents in the organs and the blood at various stages of the infectious process were established.     

鼠疫疫苗研究的现状与展望

鼠疫（Plague）是由鼠疫耶尔森菌(Yersina pestis，Y. pestis)（简称鼠疫菌）引起的一种烈性传染病，属甲类传染病，具有高度传染性和致病性。在过去的鼠疫大流行中近2亿感染者死亡。疫苗接种是疾病预防控制的重要方法。现就鼠疫疫苗的研究进展作一综述，为新疫苗的研制提供参考。     

Progress on plague vaccine development

Yersinia pestis (YP), the gram-negative plague bacterium, has shaped human history unlike any other pathogen known to mankind. YP (transmitted by the bite of an infected flea) diverged only recently from the related enteric pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis but causes radically different diseases. Three forms of plague exist in humans: bubonic (swollen lymph nodes or bubos), septicemic (spread of YP through the lymphatics or bloodstream from the bubos to other organs), and contagious, pneumonic plague which can be communicated via YP-charged respiratory droplets resulting in person–person transmission and rapid death if left untreated (50–90% mortality). Despite the potential threat of weaponized YP being employed in bioterrorism and YP infections remaining prevalent in endemic regions of the world where rodent populations are high (including the four corner regions of the USA), an efficacious vaccine that confers immunoprotection has yet to be developed. This review article will describe the current vaccine candidates being evaluated in various model systems and provide an overall summary on the progress of this important endeavor.