miRNA-21反义核酸对人淋巴瘤Raji细胞的生长抑制作用研究

为研究以miRNA-21为靶标的反义核酸（AMO-miR-21）对淋巴瘤Raji细胞的生长抑制作用,使用LipofectamineTM 2000将化学合成的反义核酸转染Raji细胞,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法和台盼蓝拒染法检测细胞生长抑制率;实时定量PCR技术检测细胞miRNA-21水平改变;PI和Annexin V双染,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡.结果显示转染Raji细胞48～72h,反义核酸组细胞生长受到明显抑制,反义核酸抑制细胞活性的最佳浓度是0.4μmol/L;细胞内miRNA-21的表达水平明显下调;细胞凋亡明显增加;此外,反义组细胞中抑癌基因Pdcd4的mRNA和蛋白质呈高水平表达.提示以miRNA-21为靶标的反义核酸是人淋巴瘤Raji细胞生长的有效抑制剂和凋亡诱导剂.miRNA-21可能是淋巴瘤治疗的潜在靶标,其通过下调抑癌基因Pdcd4的表达水平发挥抗肿瘤作用.     

伊立替康联合去甲斑蝥素对人胃癌细胞作用的考察及协同作用机制研究

研究了伊立替康(CPT-11)联合去甲斑蝥素(NCTD)对人胃癌细胞BGC-823增殖的影响及协同作用机制.分别利用CPT-11 30、60、90、120、150μmol/L,NCTD 30、60、90、120、150μmol/L和两药按上述浓度1∶1联用,以及两药上述浓度完全交叉组合作用BGC-823细胞24、48和72 h,并且以不同序贯方式作用BGC-823细胞24 h.MTT法检测BGC-823细胞的增殖,采用中效原理评价两药联合作用;流式细胞术测定CPT-11 60μmol/L、NCTD 60μmol/L和联合用药(60∶60)μmol/L,以及不同序贯方式作用BGC-823细胞24 h后细胞周期及凋亡的情况;Western blot法检测CPT-11 30、60μmol/L,NCTD 30,60μmol/L和联合用药(30∶30,60∶60)μmol/L作用BGC-823细胞24 h后Pdcd4和p53蛋白表达水平.结果显示:CPT-11及NCTD联合用药比单独用药对细胞增殖的抑制作用增强,IC50明显减小(P0.05),单独使用CPT-11或NCTD作用24、48和72 h时的IC50分别是联合使用时的2.83、3.15、2.19倍以及2.66、3.11、2.45倍,并且两药联合用药具有协同作用效应;两药合用24 h时先给CPT-11方案抑制作用优于先给NCTD方案,且优于同时给药方案(P0.05);CPT-11 60μmol/L作用24 h引起BGC-823细胞S和G2-M期阻滞(P0.01),NCTD 60μmol/L作用24 h引起细胞G2-M期阻滞(P0.05),并诱导细胞凋亡(P0.05),联合用药(60∶60)μmol/L作用24 h,主要引起细胞G2-M期阻滞(P0.01),与先给NCTD 6h方案及同时给药相比,先给CPT-11 6h方案主要引起细胞S期阻滞增加(P0.05)以及细胞凋亡增加;CPT-11 30、60μmol/L作用12 h后Pdcd4上调表达,p53下调表达(P0.05),NCTD 30、60μmol/L作用12 h后Pdcd4下调表达,p53上调表达(P0.05),联合用药(30∶30,60∶60)μmol/L作用24 h后Pdcd4及p53蛋白表达均上调(P0.05).上述结果表明:CPT-11联合NCTD对人胃癌BGC-823细胞有协同抑制作用,其机制主要是诱导细胞G2-M期阻滞,并与抑癌基因蛋白Pdcd4及p53上调表达有关;两种药物联用时序贯次序对联合作用有影响,先给CPT-11方案要优于先给NCTD方案及同时给药方案,其机制主要是引起S期阻滞增加以及细胞凋亡增加;抑癌基因蛋白Pdcd4与p53之间可能存在负调控关系.     

阿糖胞苷通过抑制HDAC6促进白血病细胞K562凋亡的机制研究

为了探讨阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)通过组蛋白乙酰化酶6(HDAC6)影响人红白血病K562细胞株凋亡作用及可能的机制。采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度的Ara-C作用24h后检测细胞活力;流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞凋亡率;Hoechest染色观察细胞核染色质的形态;RT-PCR检测HDAC1-6基因的表达变化;Western blotting检测HDAC6、p38和p-p38的蛋白表达。CCK-8检测显示不同浓度的Ara-C能抑制K562细胞的活力,并呈浓度依赖性;FCM检测显示Ara-C能增加细胞的凋亡率;Hoechest染色发现Ara-C组细胞呈凋亡形态学改变;RT-PCR检测显示Ara-C能降低HDAC1、HDAC2和HDAC6的表达;FCM和Hoechest染色发现HDAC抑制能增强Ara-C诱导K562细胞凋亡;Western blotting检测发现Ara-C能降低HDAC6,增加磷酸化p38和激活型Caspase-3表达。可见Ara-C能够通过抑制HDAC6激活p38,诱导K562细胞发生凋亡。     

三氧化二砷对K562/A02 细胞的凋亡及细胞周期的影响

目的:研究三氧化二砷对多药耐药急性白血病细胞株K562/A02凋亡与细胞周期的影响及可能机制。方法:取阿霉素(Adr)的耐药白血病细胞株分为未加药的对照组及加入不同浓度的三氧化二砷(其终浓度为4.0μmol/L、5.0μmol/L)组,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡及细胞周期分布,Western blot方法检测不同浓度三氧化二砷对K562/A02细胞核NF-κBp65蛋白水平。结果:与对照组比较,三氧化二砷可显著增加Adr对K562/A02细胞凋亡率,阻滞细胞于G0/G1期,降低K562/A02细胞胞核中NF-kB p65的表达(P均<0.05)。结论:三氧化二砷可能是通过抑制NF-kB的胞内活化转位,从而促进K562/A02细胞凋亡及抑制细胞增殖。     

反义寡核苷酸对K562细胞的抑制作用及诱导细胞凋亡的研究

目的研究bcr-abl硫代磷酸反义寡脱氧核糖核酸(Aspo)作用于K562细胞后,对细胞mRNA、蛋白水平的影响,以及诱导细胞凋亡情况。方法Aspo与K562细胞共培养后,用流式细胞仪检测P210蛋白表达及细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR半定量检测bcr-ablmRNA表达情况,电镜观察细胞凋亡的形态学改变。结果K562细胞经浓度大于5μmol/Lbcr-ablAspo处理24h,流式细胞仪检测细胞P210蛋白表达下调甚至完全受抑制,10μmol/Lbcr-ablAspo作用48h,细胞bcr-ablmRNA下降45%左右,当细胞初始浓度为1×104/ml时,Aspo作用120h细胞凋亡率20%～30%,当细胞数增加至1×105/ml时,Aspo作用48h即可使30%细胞发生凋亡,电镜下观察到典型凋亡细胞形态学改变。结论bcr-abl反义核酸对K562细胞mRNA水平具有抑制作用,同时还可诱导细胞凋亡。     

miR-143增强SKM-1细胞对阿糖胞苷的药物敏感性

该文探讨了miR-143增强SKM-1细胞对阿糖胞苷(cytarabine,Ara-C)的药物敏感性以及其相应机制。采用CCK-8法筛选出Ara-C干预的最佳条件。采用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡率。采用Western blot检测Akt、p Akt蛋白表达水平。结果显示,过表达miR-143联合Ara-C组的细胞凋亡率(88.50%)显著高于空病毒对照联合Ara-C组(67.47%)及过表达miR-143组(31.01%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。过表达miR-143联合Ara-C组G1期的细胞比例(87.24±6.12)%显著高于空病毒对照联合Ara-C组(72.10±3.71)%和过表达miR-143组(57.73±5.02)%,呈现较明显的G1期阻滞。过表达miR-143+Ara-C组的p Akt蛋白相对表达量相比于空病毒对照+Ara-C组和过表达miR-143组明显降低(P0.05),而各组Akt蛋白相对表达量无明显差异(P0.05)。以上结果表明,过表达miR-143能够提高SKM-1细胞对阿糖胞苷的药物敏感性,其机制可能与通过降低Akt蛋白磷酸化水平有关。     

青蒿素诱导人白血病细胞K562凋亡的线粒体机制

目的:探讨青蒿素诱导人白血病细胞K562凋亡的线粒体机制.方法:用青蒿素处理K562细胞.通过MTT比色法检别细胞增殖抑制的效果;荧光显微镜观察细胞的凋亡;流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)进行细胞周期分析;Western-blotting测定药物作用前后线粒体、细胞浆细胞色素C的表达.结果:青蒿素抑制K562细胞的增殖,IC5D为1.5× 10-5mol·L-1;Hoechst33342/PI双荧光染色可观察到明显的核浓缩、凝集等细胞凋亡表现;流式细胞仪检测G2期细胞比例增高,S期减少;Western-blotting检测药物处理细胞后线粒体细胞色素C表达水平下调,细胞浆出现明显细胞色素C蛋白条带.结论:青蒿素可能通过线粒体细胞色素C途径诱导K562细胞凋亡.     

SH-SY5Y神经细胞氧化损伤时microRNA-199a和Sirt1表达变化

目的:观察神经细胞氧化损伤时microRNA-199a(miRNA-199a)和Sirt1表达的变化,探讨miRNA-199a对Sirt1的调控作用。方法:不同浓度双氧水(600μmol/L,1 200μmol/L)刺激体外培养的SH-SY5Y细胞12h造成损伤。MTT检测细胞活力,DCFA-DA探针检测细胞内活性氧水平,Hochest染色分析细胞凋亡,RT-PCR检测miRNA-199a的表达,细胞免疫荧光和Western blot检测Sirt1蛋白水平。结果:600μmol/L和1 200μmol/L双氧水刺激SH-SY5Y后细胞活力显著下降,分别降低27.0%和53.6%;ROS荧光强度细胞凋亡显著上升且具有浓度依赖性;miRNA-199a的表达明显上升,分别上升23.0%和51.0%;Sirt1蛋白表达量下降具有浓度依赖性。结论:双氧水刺激SH-SY5Y神经细胞时miRNA-199a表达升高,Sirt1的表达降低。Sirt1水平降低与miRNA-199a通过调控Sirt1表达参与氧化损伤有关[1]。     

蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132的浓度对人白血病细胞K562凋亡的影响

探讨蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132 在诱导人白血病K562细胞凋亡过程中作用.分别以不同浓度的蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132 处理人白血病细胞K562,通过MTT法检测K562细胞活力,应用Annexin Ⅴ和PI 双染的细胞流式法检测K562细胞凋亡率和细胞内活性氧(ROS) 水平,应用酶标仪法检测K562细胞内Caspase- 3活性变化的情况.结果表明,随着MG132浓度的增加,各个指标与对照组比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05):K562细胞增殖明显受到抑制;细胞凋亡率明显增加,且当MG132浓度为900 nmol/L时,细胞凋亡率达36.5 %;同时,ROS 水平和caspase- 3活性明显升高.因次,蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132可显著抑制人白血病细胞K562增殖并促进其凋亡.     

抑癌基因Pdcd4的表达调控及产物泛素化研究进展

程序性细胞死亡因子4(programmed cell death4,Pdcd4)基因是近年新发现的一种抑癌基因,它的表达产物通过抑制相关基因的转录和翻译抑制肿瘤生成.Pdcd4在多种人肿瘤组织细胞中表达缺失或低表达.有研究发现,5'CpG岛的甲基化可能是脑胶质瘤中Pdcd4基因沉默的主要原因之一.另外,在多种肿瘤细胞中发现microRNA-21的表达水平与Pdcd4蛋白的表达呈负相关性,microRNA-21在转录后水平调控Pdcd4,其作用位点位于Pdcd4mRNA的3′-UTR区.肿瘤细胞中Pdcd4的表达水平与细胞对抗肿瘤药物的敏感性有关,上调Pdcd4表达会增加细胞对某些抗肿瘤药物的敏感性,反之,下调Pdcd4表达则会引起某些药物细胞毒活性的减弱.有些药物本身也可以影响细胞中Pdcd4的表达水平.Pdcd4可以抑制p53的乙酰基化.Pdcd4蛋白能被蛋白激酶Akt/PKB磷酸化,引起Pdcd4的核易位,并减弱Pdcd4对转录激活因子AP-1的抑制作用.Pdcd4可以被蛋白激酶S6K1磷酸化并在泛素连接酶SCFβTRCP介导下经泛素化途径降解.     

cDNA microarray analysis of altered gene expression in Ara-C-treated leukemia cells

The acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line CCRF-CEM is sensitive to Ara-C and undergoes apoptosis. In contrast, the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line K562 is highly resistant to Ara-C, which causes the cells to differentiate into erythrocytes before undergoing apoptosis. We used cDNA microarrays to monitor the alterations in gene expression in these two cell lines under conditions leading to apoptosis or differentiation. Ara-C-treated CCRF-CEM cells were characterized by a cluster of down-regulated chaperone genes, whereas Ara-C-treated K562 cells were characterized by a cluster of up-regulated hemoglobin genes. In K562 cells, Ara-C treatment induced significant down-regulation of the asparagine synthetase gene, which is involved in resistance to L-asparaginase. Sequential treatment with Ara-C and L-asparaginase had a synergistic effect on the inhibition of K562 cell growth, and combination therapy with these two anticancer agents may prove effective in the treatment of CML, which cannot be cured by either drug alone.     

Potent antitumor activities of recombinant human PDCD5 protein in combination with chemotherapy drugs in K562 cells

Conventional chemotherapy is still frequently used. Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) enhances apoptosis of various tumor cells triggered by certain stimuli and is lowly expressed in leukemic cells from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. Here, we describe for the first time that recombinant human PDCD5 protein (rhPDCD5) in combination with chemotherapy drugs has potent antitumor effects on chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor efficacy of rhPDCD5 protein with chemotherapy drugs, idarubicin (IDR) or cytarabine (Ara-C), was examined in K562 cells in vitro and K562 xenograft tumor models in vivo. rhPDCD5 protein markedly increased the apoptosis rates and decreased the colony-forming capability of K562 cells after the combined treatment with IDR or Ara-C. rhPDCD5 protein by intraperitoneal administration dramatically improved the antitumor effects of IDR treatment in the K562 xenograft model. The tumor sizes and cell proliferation were significantly decreased; and TUNEL positive cells were significantly increased in the combined group with rhPDCD5 protein and IDR treatment compared with single IDR treatment groups. rhPDCD5 protein, in combination with IDR, has potent antitumor effects on chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells and may be a novel and promising agent for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia.     

Inhibition by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 of c-myc down-regulation and DNA fragmentation in cytosine arabinoside-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells.

The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on DNA fragmentation, altered expression of the heat shock protein (hsp) 70 gene, and protooncogenes c-myc and c-myb was studied during chemical induction of erythroid differentiation in K562 cells. Preincubation of K562 cells with 1,25(OH)2D3 did not alter the concentration of hemoglobin in cells which did differentiate, but led to a reduction in the accumulation of low molecular weight DNA generated by Ara-C administration. The extent of this reduction was similar to the degree of inhibition of hemoglobin formation in the culture as the whole. Preincubation with 1,25(OH)2D3 had no effect on the increase of hsp 70 gene expression induced by a 48-hr treatment with Ara-C, but prevented the Ara-C-induced down-regulation of the protooncogene c-myc. The protooncogene c-myb was down-regulated after 15 min of treatment with Ara-C, and exposure to 1,25(OH)2D3 prior to Ara-C caused a further down-regulation of its expression. The data suggest that the events associated with erythroid differentiation may be separable into at least two groups; one of these may have an influence on the kinetics of the cell cycle traverse, and the other may be related to the expression of the erythroid phenotype.     

hERG Potassium Channel Blockage by Scorpion Toxin BmKKx2 Enhances Erythroid Differentiation of Human Leukemia Cells K562

Background

The hERG potassium channel can modulate the proliferation of the chronic myelogenous leukemic K562 cells, and its role in the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells still remains unclear.

Principal Findings

The hERG potassium channel blockage by a new 36-residue scorpion toxin BmKKx2, a potent hERG channel blocker with IC₅₀ of 6.7±1.7 nM, enhanced the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. The mean values of GPA (CD235a) fluorescence intensity in the group of K562 cells pretreated by the toxin for 24 h and followed by cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) treatment for 72 h were about 2-fold stronger than those of K562 cells induced by Ara-C alone. Such unique role of hERG potassium channel was also supported by the evidence that the effect of the toxin BmKKx2 on cell differentiation was nullified in hERG-deficient cell lines. During the K562 cell differentiation, BmKKx2 could also suppress the expression of hERG channels at both mRNA and protein levels. Besides the function of differentiation enhancement, BmKKx2 was also found to promote the differentiation-dependent apoptosis during the differentiation process of K562 cells. In addition, the blockage of hERG potassium channel by toxin BmKKx2 was able to decrease the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration during the K562 cell differentiation, providing an insight into the mechanism of hERG potassium channel regulating this cellular process.

Conclusions/Significance

Our results revealed scorpion toxin BmKKx2 could enhance the erythroid differentiation of leukemic K562 cells via inhibiting hERG potassium channel currents. These findings would not only accelerate the functional research of hERG channel in different leukemic cells, but also present the prospects of natural scorpion toxins as anti-leukemic drugs.     

Effect of second-messenger modulators in K-562 cell differentiation: dual action of calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in the process of differentiation

We investigated the roles of second messengers in K-562 cell differentiation induced by either commitment-inducing agents (Ara-C, thymidine), or a noncommitment-inducing agent (hemin). Cell differentiation induced by both types of agents was inhibited by dbc-AMP, staurosporine, and H-7. In contrast, OAG enhanced hemin-induced cell differentiation, but it inhibited that due to Ara-C or thymidine. When K-562 cells were incubated with 4 x 10(-6)M hemin or 2 x 10(-7)M Ara-C for 2 days, an increase of epsilon-mRNA occurred. The addition of cycloheximide (1 microgram/ml) completely blocked this change, suggesting that de novo protein synthesis was necessary for the increase of epsilon-mRNA. Simultaneous treatment with Ara-C and cycloheximide for 2 days did not block either the increase of epsilon-mRNA or that of benzidine-positive cells, which were measured after 5 days of further incubation without additives. This suggested that the process of Ara-C-induced K-562 cell differentiation could be divided into two steps, i.e., a commitment step and a phenotypic expression step, and that the commitment step was at least partly resistant to cycloheximide. We investigated the roles of second messengers in each step. Our results suggested that PKC may act as a negative regulator of commitment step and as a positive regulator of the phenotypic expression. This may explain the differing effects of OAG on hemin- and Ara-C-induced K-562 cell differentiation.     

胡桃楸提取液诱导K562细胞凋亡机制的研究

目的：考察胡桃楸提取液是否具有诱导K562细胞p52蛋白及p21蛋白的作用,初步探讨胡桃楸提取液诱导K562细胞凋亡机制。方法：以Western-blot方法检测胡桃楸提取液对K562细胞p53蛋白及诱导K562细胞p53蛋白和p21蛋白的表达。     

Involvement of miR-21 in resistance to daunorubicin by regulating PTEN expression in the leukaemia K562 cell line

Recent studies have shown microRNA-21 (miR-21) is overexpressed in several types of cancer and contributes to tumor resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated whether miR-21 mediated resistance of the leukaemia cell line K562 to the chemotherapeutic agent daunorubicin (DNR). miR-21 expression was upregulated in the DNR resistant cell line K562/DNR compared to its parental line K562. Stable transfection of miR-21 induced drug resistance in K562, while suppression of miR-21 in K562/DNR led to enhanced DNR cytotoxicity. Additional experiments indicate that the mechanism of miR-21 drug resistance involves the PI3K/Akt pathway and changes following PTEN protein expression. This study provides a novel mechanism for understanding leukaemia drug resistance.     

DADS 上调K562 细胞p21WAF1 表达对细胞生长阻抑和凋亡 的实验研究

目的:探讨二烯丙基二硫(DADS)对体外培养的人白血病细胞系K562细胞生长阻抑和凋亡作用及机制。方法:采用MTT分析法检测细胞活性、流式细胞术分析细胞周期及凋亡率、免疫组化检测p21WAF1基因表达。结果:1).DADS在10mg/L～80 mg/L范围内,对K562细胞的抑制作用呈剂量-时间依赖效应;2).不同浓度DADS作用于K562细胞24h后,细胞周期发生了变化:DADS可以将K562细胞阻滞于G2/M期;3).DADS浓度在10mg/L～80mg/L时作用K562细胞24h后,凋亡率逐渐升高,有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);4).用浓度分别为0mg/L,20mg/L,40mg/L,80mg/L处理K562细胞24h后,p21WAF1蛋白表达上调,有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),溶媒组和阴性对照组无差别(P>0.05)。结论:DADS有抑制K562细胞增殖和促进K562细胞凋亡的作用。其作用的可能机制与上调细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂p21WAF1表达,从而诱使k562细胞阻滞于G2/M期有关。