乳清蛋白生物活性肽研究进展

以乳清蛋白为原料,经过酶解或发酵等方法可以获得独特理化性质的生物活性肽。乳清蛋白生物活性肽来源广、活性强、分子量小,在食品和医药行业有很高的应用研究价值,已经成为研究热点。随着制备、分离纯化以及鉴定技术的不断发展和成熟,越来越多的乳清蛋白生物活性肽被发现。本研究主要综述了乳清蛋白生物活性肽的制备、分离纯化、鉴定方法以及生物功能,并展望了乳清蛋白生物活性肽应用前景,以期为功能性乳清蛋白生物活性肽产品的开发与应用提供参考。     

羊肚菌多糖提取分离及生物活性研究进展*

羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)是一种珍稀食药用真菌,从羊肚菌中提取的多糖在抗癌、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂及免疫调节等方面具有良好的生物活性,在食品、药品和保健品开发方面具有广阔的应用前景。羊肚菌多糖的有效提取是对其进行结构解析和生物活性研究的基础,不同的提取方式对羊肚菌多糖的结构和生物活性具有一定影响。羊肚菌多糖的结构特性如分子量、单糖组成、一级结构等,对其生物活性具有很大影响,因此研究羊肚菌多糖的结构对揭示其生物活性及作用机制具有重要意义。针对羊肚菌多糖进行综述,总结羊肚菌多糖提取分离、结构解析及生物活性的研究进展,分析羊肚菌多糖生物活性的作用机制,并对今后研究方向提出展望,以期为羊肚菌多糖的研究与开发提供理论基础。     

银杏叶多糖研究进展

银杏叶多糖具有多种重要的生物活性和功能,是目前药物开发和研究的热点之一。对银杏叶多糖提取、分离纯化、结构分析和生物活性的研究现状进行综述,并指出研究存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

马齿苋黄酮提取及其生物活性研究进展

马齿苋为药食两用野生植物,我国资源丰富。黄酮是马齿苋主要生物活性成分之一,具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抑菌、降血糖和保肝护肝等多种生物活性,研究马齿苋黄酮提取及其生物活性对马齿苋开发应用具有重要意义。以近10年国内发表相关文献为依据,梳理综述马齿苋黄酮提取工艺及其生物活性研究进展,为马齿苋黄酮深入研究及开发应用提供参考依据。     

海洋曲霉属真菌抗菌活性物质的研究进展

海洋微生物由于其独特的生存环境造就了许多结构新颖、具有特殊生物活性的代谢产物。随着科学技术的发展,科学界掀起了对海洋微生物代谢物的研究浪潮。近年来的研究表明,海洋曲霉属真菌及其次级代谢产物具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒等生物活性。通过查阅文献与资料,对近年来海洋曲霉属真菌及其次级代谢产物的化学结构及生物活性研究与开发的进展进行综述总结,以期有助于后续研究及应用。     

胡桃属植物青皮和叶的化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

对胡桃属植物青皮和叶的化学成分及其生物活性的研究已取得一定进展,本文就近几年胡桃属植物青皮和叶的化学成分及其抑菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、杀虫、除草等生物活性方面的研究进行综述,为胡桃属植物的进一步研究和开发利用提供理论依据。     

酶法制备海洋活性肽及其功能活性研究进展

海洋生物活性肽(Marine biological active peptide)是从海洋生物中提取的具有优化机体代谢环境、有益于机体健康的一类多肽。酶法制备海洋生物活性肽是目前最常用的制备方法,是通过适当的蛋白酶水解海洋生物蛋白来制备生物活性肽的一种方法。海洋生物活性肽在降血压、抗氧化、抗凝血及抗菌等方面效果显著,对治疗和预防疾病具有巨大潜力。介绍海洋生物活性肽在酶解制备及其生物学功能方面国内外研究进展,为进一步开展海洋活性多肽研究提供参考。     

鱼腥草中生物碱类化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

鱼腥草是一种既有广泛生物活性,又有很高食用价值的植物资源,极具开发潜力。生物碱是鱼腥草中一类重要化学成分,结构多样,且具有广泛生物活性,一直倍受研究者的关注。本文就鱼腥草中生物碱类化学成分及其生物活性研究进展进行了综述。目前鱼腥草中已报道的生物碱类成分共有71个化合物,包括阿朴菲类、马兜铃内酰胺类、酰胺类、吡啶类和其他类等结构类型,具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗血小板聚集、抗炎、降血糖等生物活性。通过对鱼腥草中生物碱类化学成分及其生物活性研究进行归纳和总结,以期为系统的研究鱼腥草药效物质、提升质量标准及进一步开发其药用资源提供参考。     

氨基酸schiff碱及其金属配合物的性能研究进展

氨基酸Sch iff碱及其金属配合物具有良好的抗炎、抗菌、抗癌等生物活性而有望成为高效、低毒、可供临床使用的新药物而引起人们的极大关注。本文综述了氨基酸sch iff碱及其金属配合物的生物活性、测定金属含量、催化、载氧等性能的研究情况(特别是在生物活性方面),并分析总结了其在研究方面存在的问题。     

甾族糖苷生物碱研究进展

甾族糖苷生物碱是茄科植物中广泛存在的一种物质,存在于植物的叶子、根、花、果实和块茎中,具有多种生物活性,如抗癌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗氧化及抗炎等功能。关于植物中糖苷生物碱的分布、含量、生物活性及合成代谢途径的研究一直是本领域的研究热点。糖苷生物碱生物合成分子机理的研究将为优良品种的培育提供理论依据。对甾族糖苷生物碱的结构、生物活性及其生物合成途径进行了综述。     

The use of biological activities to monitor the removal of fuel contaminants—perspective for monitoring hydrocarbon contamination: a review

Soil biological activities are vital for the restoration of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons. Their role includes the biotransformation of petroleum compounds into harmless compounds. In this paper, the use of biological activities as potential monitoring tools or bioindicators during bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil are reviewed. The use of biological activities as bioindicators of hydrocarbon removal in soil has been reported with variable success. This variability can be attributed partially to the spatial variability of soil properties, which undoubtedly plays a role in the exposure of organisms to contaminants. Widely used bioindicators have been enzyme activities, seed germination, earthworm survival and microorganisms or microbial bioluminescence. A mixture of some successful utilization of biological activities and several failures, and inconsistencies reported, show that at this stage there is no general guarantee of successful utilization of biological activities as monitoring tools. Wherever possible, the use of biological activities as bioindicators of hydrocarbon removal must be used to complement existing traditional monitoring tools.     

花青素及其生物活性的研究进展

花青素是存在于自然界中的天然的水溶性色素,它赋予水果、蔬菜和植物鲜艳的颜色,主要来源于蓝莓、樱桃、覆盆子、草 莓、紫葡萄和红酒等。它属于黄酮类化合物,其结构和化学成分使得花青素具有多种生物活性,如：抗氧化、抗炎、抗衰老、抗心血 管、抗癌等,对于人类的健康具有重要作用。花青素对于人类各种疾病的治疗以及作为一种药方都具有积极的效果,花青素通过 抗细胞增殖、诱导凋亡等多种机制来抑制肿瘤的发生;通过清除活性氧自由基等机制来发挥抗氧化作用;通过抑制各种炎症因子 的表达来发挥抗炎效应,这一系列的生物活性都给人们对抗各种疾病带来了无限的希望。本文就花青素的特点、提取及生物活性 进行了总结,重点介绍了花青素的生物活性。     

A comparative study of the biological activities of rattlesnake (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus) venoms.

1. The hemorrhagic, procoagulant, anticoagulant, protease, arginine ester hydrolase, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, 5'-nucleotidase, hyaluronidase, phospholipase A and L-amino acid oxidase activities of 50 venom samples from 20 taxa of rattlesnake (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus) were examined. 2. The results show that notwithstanding individual variations in the biological activities of Crotalus venoms and the wide ranges of certain biological activities observed, there are some common characteristics at the genus and species levels. 3. The differences in biological activities of the venoms compared can be used for differentiation of the species. Particularly useful for this purpose are the thrombin-like enzyme, protease, arginine ester hydrolase, hemorrhagic and phospholipase A activities and kaolin-cephalin clotting time measurements.     

Biological activities of lignans

Lignans are widely distributed in angiosperms and gymnosperms. The range of their structures and biological activities is broad. Various lignans are known to have anti-tumour, antimitotic and antiviral activity and to specifically inhibit certain enzymes. Toxicity to fungi, insects and vertebrates is observed for some lignans and a variety of physiological activities have been documented. This review summarizes what is presently known about the biological activities of lignans.     

鸢尾属植物的化学成分及其生物活性

鸢尾科鸢尾属植物的主要化学成分是黄酮类化合物,这类化合物具有广泛的生物活性。本文对近年来该属植物的分布,化学成分的分类及生物活性进行了综述。     

黄皮的化学成分及生物活性研究进展

黄皮Clausena lansium(Lour.)Skeels是广泛分布于我国南方的一种特产果树,含有生物碱类、香豆素类、挥发油类、黄酮类等多种化学成分,具有抗氧化、保肝、降血糖以及杀虫、抑菌和除草等多方面的生物活性。本文就黄皮的化学成分及其生物活性的研究现状进行了综述。     

Ribosome-inactivating proteins from plants: more than RNA N-glycosidases?

Many plants contain proteins that are capable of inactivating ribosomes and accordingly are called ribosome-inactivating proteins or RIPs. These typical plant proteins receive a lot of attention in biological and biomedical research because of their unique biological activities toward animal and human cells. In addition, evidence is accumulating that some RIPs play a role in plant defense and hence can be exploited in plant protection. To understand the mode of action of RIPs and to optimize their medical and therapeutical applications and their use as antiviral compounds in plant protection, intensive efforts have been made to unravel the enzymatic activities of RIPs and provide a structural basis for these activities. Though marked progress has been made during the last decade, the enzymatic activity of RIPs has become a controversial issue because of the concept that RIPs possess, in addition to their classical RNA N-glycosidase and polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity, other unrelated enzymatic activities. Moreover, the presumed novel enzymatic activities, especially those related to diverse nuclease activities, are believed to play an important role in various biological activities of RIPs. However, both the novel enzymatic activities and their presumed involvement in the biological activities of RIPs have been questioned because there is evidence that the activities observed are due to contaminating enzymes. We offer a critical review of the pros and cons of the putative novel enzymatic activities of RIPs. Based on the available data, it is suggested that there is little conclusive evidence in support of the presumed activities and that in the past too little attention has been given to the purity of the RIP preparation. The antiviral activity and mode of action of RIPs in plants are discussed in view of their classical and presumed novel enzymatic activities.     

Oxysterols: biological activities and physicochemical studies.

To improve the understanding of the various biological activities of oxysterols (oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol), studies of their physicochemical properties have been undertaken. Oxysterols modify membrane dynamic properties which consequently trigger several biological effects. Despite the presence of at least one oxygenated group in addition to the C3 beta-hydroxyl, oxysterols insert perfectly into the lipidic bilayer of the membrane inducing a condensing effect similar to, but less potent than, that of cholesterol. In biological membranes oxysterols probably interact with membrane components as they are not easily exchanged after their incorporation into the cell membrane. These lipid-protein interactions are probably crucial for the expression of the biological activities of the oxysterols.     

Marine Pyridoacridine Alkaloids: Biosynthesis and Biological Activities

Pyridoacridines are a class of strictly marine‐derived alkaloids that constitute one of the largest chemical families of marine alkaloids. During the last few years, both natural pyridoacridines and their analogues have constituted excellent targets for synthetic works. They have been the subject of intense study due to their significant biological activities; cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, anti‐HIV, and anti‐parasitic activities. In the present review, 95 pyridoacridine alkaloids isolated from marine organisms are discussed in term of their occurrence, biosynthesis, biological activities, and structural assignment.     

雷公藤二萜类化合物精细立体结构研究

雷公藤二萜内酯类化合物在结构上有一定的相似性:它们均含有3个六元环、1个五元内酯环和1～3个二元氧环,并且具有多种生物活性。本文选择了7个具有代表性的雷公藤二萜内酯化合物并通过X衍射分析获得其三维结构数据,以已有的药理实验数据为基础,对其精细立体结构变化和生物活性关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明:雷公藤萜内酯类化合物中的A、B、C三个六元环是其活性骨架的几何依托;18位上的羰基和7～8位上的三元氧环是其活性的可能结合部位;而该类化合物的活性部位则集中在C环的取代位置上;D环不是该类化合物具有生物活性的必需骨架部分。