结核分枝杆菌早期分泌蛋白ESAT-6家族的研究进展

ESAT-6家族蛋白是结核分枝杆菌早期分泌蛋白中具有较强免疫原性的成分之一。卡介苗中缺乏该家族的一些重要成分。近年对其分布。结构,免疫学特征以及生物学用途方面的研究较多。该蛋白在作抗结核分枝杆菌亚单位疫苗的候选抗原,DNA疫苗的候选基因以及作为结核分枝杆菌感染的免疫学诊断试剂等领域体现出良好的研究及应用前景。     

结核分枝杆菌海藻糖磷酸磷酸酶诱导小鼠体液和细胞免疫应答

目的 研究结核分枝杆菌(M．tuberculosis)海藻糖磷酸磷酸酶(TPP)诱导小鼠体液和细胞免疫。方法 差速离心分离结核分枝杆菌H37Rv和卡介苗(BCG)的各细胞组分,通过Western杂交检测抗原TPP在结核分枝杆菌H37Rv和BCG中的亚细胞定位情况。分别用5×10~6CFU的BCG和50μg的TPP蛋白免疫C57BL/6小鼠,检测小鼠血清中抗TPP的IgG1和IgG2a抗体效价。取免疫小鼠的脾细胞,体外抗原刺激,用酶联免疫斑点试验(ELISPOT)检测γ干扰素(IFN-γ)分泌细胞。结果 TPP亚细胞定位于结核分枝杆菌H37Rv和BCG的胞壁和细胞膜组分。TPP蛋白免疫后小鼠产生的TPP特异性IgG1和IgG2a抗体效价明显高于BCG免疫小鼠,并且IgG2a的抗体效价高于IgG1。体外抗原刺激TPP蛋白和BCG免疫小鼠的脾细胞,都能诱导较高的IFN-γ分泌。结论 结核分枝杆菌细胞壁蛋白TPP能诱导小鼠Ⅰ型辅助性T细胞介导的免疫反应,可作为抗结核疫苗的候选抗原。     

结核分枝杆菌ESAT-6抗原和HSP70截短后C端片段融合蛋白的克隆、表达及免疫原性研究

<正>结核病(TB)仍是一个主要的威胁世界公共健康的问题。选定结核分枝杆菌(MTB)的免疫原,以期能有效诱导保护性免疫应答是开发研究TB疫苗的最终目的。     

结核分枝杆菌与巨噬细胞相互作用的研究进展

结核分枝杆菌是一种胞内感染菌,巨噬细胞是其寄生场所。结核分枝杆菌通过阻止吞噬溶酶体的融合、减少巨噬细胞凋亡、降低巨噬细胞对刺激应答的敏感性等途径逃避巨噬细胞的免疫监视和攻击,并在细胞内存活、增殖;而巨噬细胞又是抗菌免疫的主要效应细胞,通过直接杀伤和分泌多种细胞因子,对结核分枝杆菌具有免疫调节、呈递抗原等作用。深入研究结核分枝杆菌对巨噬细胞的免疫逃逸机制及巨噬细胞抗结核免疫作用,对研究宿主抗结核免疫机制及设计新型结核病疫苗有重要意义。     

表达HBHA和hIL-12融合蛋白的重组耻垢分枝杆菌在小鼠体内诱导的免疫应答及保护力

目的:测定表达肝素结合血凝素(HBHA)和人白细胞介素12(hIL-12)融合蛋白的重组耻垢分枝杆菌在小鼠体内诱导产生的免疫应答及对结核分枝杆菌感染的保护作用。方法:将表达HBHA和hIL-12融合蛋白的重组耻垢分枝杆菌采用同源加强免疫的方法免疫小鼠,检测小鼠外周血中IFN-γ、IL-2和IL-12的表达水平;用结核分枝杆菌感染免疫小鼠,检测小鼠肺部荷菌量和组织病理变化。结果:表达HBHA和hIL-12融合蛋白的重组耻垢分枝杆菌诱导小鼠产生以IFN-γ、IL-2分泌量增加为主的Th1型免疫应答,并能有效减少感染小鼠肺部结核分枝杆菌的荷菌量和病理损伤。结论:表达HBHA和hIL-12融合蛋白的重组耻垢分枝杆菌免疫小鼠可诱导产生与卡介苗相当的保护作用,可能成为控制结核病的有效疫苗。     

结核分枝杆菌蛋白亚单位疫苗与疫苗诱导的T细胞免疫记忆研究进展

牛分枝杆菌减毒活疫苗--卡介苗(bacillus Calmette-Guérin,BCG)对预防严重的儿童结核病有效,但其免疫保护效率随儿童年龄增长而降低。BCG不能提供终身免疫保护可能与其诱导的记忆性T细胞主要是寿命较短的效应记忆性T细胞有关。新型结核分枝杆菌蛋白亚单位疫苗将有效的抗原有机组合起来,在适宜的疫苗佐剂辅助下诱导Th1型免疫应答。动物实验表明,增加抗原谱可有效提高亚单位疫苗的保护效率。更重要的是,亚单位疫苗在体内持续时间较短,可诱导寿命较长的中央记忆性T细胞,提供比BCG更持久的免疫保护力。记忆性T细胞的分化受抗原特性与剂量、细胞因子、转录因子及雷帕霉素等的调控。对亚单位疫苗及其诱导的免疫记忆进行研究将对新型结核分枝杆菌疫苗的设计与评价产生积极影响。     

黏膜免疫与结核疫苗研发CSCD

结核病是全球重要的传染性疾病之一,在全球范围内保持着较高的发病率和死亡率。卡介苗是目前临床上唯一应用的结核疫苗,虽然对儿童有较好的保护作用,但对成人的免疫保护效果并不明显。研发新的结核疫苗对于结核病的防控具有重要的意义。由于结核病的致病菌结核分枝杆菌主要通过呼吸道传播,机体的黏膜成为抵御结核分枝杆菌的第一道防线。设计稳定高效的抗结核黏膜免疫疫苗是目前结核疫苗研究的新方向之一。选择合适的黏膜免疫途径、佐剂及抗原递送系统是黏膜疫苗研发成功的关键。本文对抗结核分枝杆菌的黏膜免疫应答作简短的概述,并重点阐明黏膜免疫在结核疫苗研发中的研究进展。     

黏膜免疫与结核疫苗研发

结核病是全球重要的传染性疾病之一,在全球范围内保持着较高的发病率和死亡率。卡介苗是目前临床上唯一应用的结核疫苗,虽然对儿童有较好的保护作用,但对成人的免疫保护效果并不明显。研发新的结核疫苗对于结核病的防控具有重要的意义。由于结核病的致病菌结核分枝杆菌主要通过呼吸道传播,机体的黏膜成为抵御结核分枝杆菌的第一道防线。设计稳定高效的抗结核黏膜免疫疫苗是目前结核疫苗研究的新方向之一。选择合适的黏膜免疫途径、佐剂及抗原递送系统是黏膜疫苗研发成功的关键。本文对抗结核分枝杆菌的黏膜免疫应答作简短的概述,并重点阐明黏膜免疫在结核疫苗研发中的研究进展。     

兔结核病模型的应用研究进展

结核病(tuberculosis,TB)由结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)感染所致,是严重危害患者身心健康的慢性传染病。目前TB的发病机制尚未完全阐明。因此建立恰当的动物模型有助于进一步探索TB发病机制、研发全新高效疫苗,优化治疗方案提供可靠的实验和理论依据。兔TB模型是应用较为广泛的动物模型之一。综述了兔TB模型构建特点及应用进展,从免疫机制和可行性角度深入分析兔TB模型的优势及其局限性,同时梳理了近年来国内外通过构建兔TB模型用于药物研究、疫苗研发和TB治疗方案评价等方面发挥的作用,为临床研究提供参考。     

黏膜免疫:结核疫苗免疫的新途径

结核分枝杆菌主要是通过呼吸道传播,而机体的呼吸道黏膜免疫又是抵御从黏膜途径入侵的外来物质的第一道防线。因此,诱导有效的黏膜免疫应答对结核分枝杆菌感染的预防和治疗性疫苗的研制具有重要的价值。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.