磺胺对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

初步探讨了磺胺对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。研究表明,用低浓度（＜6.0mg/L)的磺胺溶液浸泡小麦种子,能显著增加幼苗的根重,根长和根冠比,提高根系活力和叶片叶绿素的含量,降低幼苗的苗高,苗重,但对发芽率影响不大。高浓度（＞10．0mg/L)和安则强烈抑制小麦幼苗根,芽的生长,并导致幼苗形态的不良变化。     

布洛芬缓释片对小麦种子幼苗生长的影响

布洛芬化学名为2-(4-异丁基)丙酸,属苯丙酸类非甾体抗炎药。布洛芬是抗炎解热止痛类OTC产品,是临床使用最普遍的NSAID类药物之一,被广大医师广泛地用于治疗风湿或类风湿疾病,以及关节肌肉痛、头痛、痛经等多种疼痛[1]。由于这种医药与某些植物生长调节剂有共同之处,因而本实验将其用于探究对小麦种子幼苗生长的影响。     

Cd2+胁迫对小麦幼苗生长及呼吸作用的影响

以小麦品种郑州9023为材料,研究了不同浓度Cd2 胁迫对小麦幼苗生长及呼吸作用的影响.结果显示:(1)随Cd2 胁迫浓度的升高,小麦幼苗根和芽的呼吸速率及琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势.(2)Cd2 胁迫对小麦幼苗根中细胞色素氧化酶(COD)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)同工酶表达的影响较小,都呈低浓度诱导、高浓度抑制的效应,且Cd2 处理诱导了根中新的MDH、IDH同工酶带的表达;而不同浓度Cd2 对小麦幼苗芽中COD、MDH、IDH同工酶的表达影响较小.(3)随Cd2 胁迫浓度的增加,芽长、根长、芽干重、根干重均呈持续下降的趋势,且对根的抑制作用明显大于对芽.研究表明,Cd2 胁迫可以改变小麦幼苗根和芽中SDH、COD、MDHI、DH等呼吸作用关键酶的活性或同工酶表达,从而影响其呼吸作用,最终抑制了幼苗的生长.     

Cu2+和Zn2+对西藏拟溞存活、生长和生殖的影响

在温度(150.5)C,盐度15.50.5的条件下,研究了Cu2+和Zn2+对西藏拟溞(DaphniopsistibetanaSars)存活、生长和生殖的影响。结果表明,西藏拟溞在各Cu2+活度组中的存活率差异不显著,而在10-8.60mol/L组中的体长增长率显著高于其他各组。当水环境中Cu2+活度为10-8.30和10-8.13mol/L时,西藏拟溞的内禀增长率(rm)为0.2211和0.2171/d,显著高于对照组,而西藏拟溞在不同Cu2+活度组中的产卵率均高于对照组,为0.9705-1.1742。西藏拟溞在各Cu2+活度组中的存活率和生长率差异均不显著。当Zn2+活度为10-7.04-10-6.82mol/L时,西藏拟溞的rm为0.2249-0.2296/d,显著高于对照组。西藏拟溞在Zn2+活度为10-7.04mol/L组中的产卵率最大,为1.0178,10-6.82mol/L组次之,为0.867。当Zn2+活度为10-7.04-10-6.82mol/L时,西藏拟溞一生生殖次数显著高于对照组(1.58),为1.92-2.17次。因此,综合来看,当水环境中的Cu2+活度为10-8.60-10-8.13mol/L、Zn2+活度为10-7.04-10-6.82mol/L时能明显的促进西藏拟溞的种群增长、发育和生殖。论文讨论了Cu2+和Zn2+对西藏拟溞的促长机理。     

渗透胁迫和缺磷对小麦幼苗生长的影响

水培条件下缺磷小麦幼苗的叶片含水量和叶绿素含量显著降低,丙二醛含量增加,小麦幼苗生长受抑,地上部分生长受到的影响大于根系,上述指标的变化幅度还与缺磷程度呈正相关,且不耐低磷品种中国春大于耐低磷品种烟中144。在相同条件下,渗透胁迫和缺磷两者表现出胁迫加剧的现象。     

昼夜变温对小麦幼苗生长的影响：简报

昼夜变温条件下生长的小麦幼苗,其长度、干重、α-淀粉酶的活性都大于昼夜恒温条件下生长的小麦幼苗。较低的夜温有利于根的生长,使根冠比增大,但并不促进胚根切段的伸长。     

青霉素对小麦种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响（简报）

青霉素对小麦种子的发芽率没有多大影响,但300ppm可提高发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗长度及干重、胚芽鞘切段伸长和胚芽中α-淀粉酶的活性;200ppm可使胚根尖切段伸长、胚根胚芽的比值有所增加。     

驻极体处理对小麦和甘草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

静电处理植物种子可促进其萌发和幼苗的生长[1～4] 。目前处理方法多采用外接电源的高压静电装置 ,此法不仅操作不便 ,而且产生臭氧、污染环境 ,高压放电和电磁场辐射还会危及操作者安全 ,因而难以推广。为了探索一条简便、无污染、安全的促进植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的新方法 ,本文以驻极体代替静电装置处理植物种子 ,观察其对种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。驻极体是永久极化的电介质 ,可用多种方法制作。本文所用驻极体是将双拉伸聚丙烯薄膜置于高压静电装置的两极板间通电数分钟 ,注入电荷使其带静电荷。用驻极体直接处理植物种子时 ,将小麦 …     

十二烷基硫酸钠对小麦萌发后幼苗生长的影响

十二烷基硫酸钠 [ＳＤＳ ,化学式ＣＨ3(ＣＨ2 ) 1 1 ＳＯ3Ｎａ]是一种阴离子表面活性剂 ,含有亲水的极性基团和疏水的非极性基团 ,在水中可解离成带疏水基团的阴离子。ＳＤＳ主要通过破坏蛋白质分子中的氢键和疏水作用而使其变性。目前生活污水中作为人工洗涤剂主要原料之一的ＳＤＳ含量普遍偏高 ,农村许多地方还用这种污水灌溉农作物。为了探讨ＳＤＳ对作物生长的影响 ,我们以小麦为材料进行了初步研究。实验用小麦 (Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ)品种为济南 1 7号 ,选取健壮饱满的种子 ,以 0 1 %升汞溶液消毒1 0ｍｉｎ后 ,用蒸馏水…     

亚硫酸盐对小麦幼苗叶组织生长代谢的影响

在低浓度亚硫酸盐作用下,小麦幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性升高;随着亚硫酸盐浓度的增加,叶片的叶绿素含量下降,游离脯氨酸和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量增加,SOD活性下降,POD活性显著升高。研究表明,高浓度的亚硫酸盐对植物生长有抑制和毒害作用。     

唐古特大黄药材提取物对小麦和垂穗披碱草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

测定了唐古特大黄（Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf.）药材水提液、蒽醌粗提液和多糖粗提液对小麦(Triticum aestivum Linn.)和垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans Griseb.）种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：唐古特大黄药材水提液存在明显的化感作用,水提液在高浓度下对小麦种子萌发和芽长及垂穗披碱草种子萌发、根长和芽长均有明显的抑制作用,而在低浓度下对小麦的根长和芽长具有促进作用。蒽醌粗提液仅对垂穗披碱草幼苗生长有抑制作用,其作用随浓度的提高而增强。多糖处理液抑制了小麦、垂穗披碱草根的生长,同时高浓度的处理液延迟了垂穗披碱草种子发芽。     

普通小麦特殊染色体构型环状单价体和类等臂单价的研究

在植物花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ出现的单价体,因不配对常呈捧状或弯曲成V形而独立于赤道板之外,然而有时其自身的两臀也会配对发生交叉而成环状,这种环状单价体在黑麦、大麦和小麦中已有报道。环状单价体的研究对染色体特异性配对等基本理论问题有重要的意义。1987和1988年,我们在鉴定(中国春单体×小偃6号)F_1单     

虫害诱导植物防御的分子机理研究进展

从虫害诱导的系统损伤信号、昆虫特异性激发子、间接防御、直接防御和负防御等方面,综述了虫害诱导植物防御的最新研究进展.在植物与昆虫的相互进化过程中,植物利用诱导防御物质对付昆虫的危害,昆虫则利用其特有的激发子降低植物的防御反应.文中比较了间接防御涉及的4种代谢途径,以及诱导挥发物释放的机制;阐明了虫害诱导植物直接防御的概念、防御物质及其作用机理;分析了虫害诱导植物负防御的机制.同时,也强调了虫害诱导林木防御反应的分子机理.     

Effect of 2, 4 -D on Seedling Physiology and Cytogenetical Studies in Triticum aestivum and Phalaris minor (Gramineae)

Effects of 2, 4 -D on seedling growth and chromosomal abnormalities were studied in Triticum aestivum and Phalaris minor. Seeds were soaked at different concentrations of 2, 4 -D (0.01%, 0.1%, 1.0%) for 4, 8, 12 and 16 hours. 2, 4 -D suppressed the germination more severely in P. minor than in T. aestivum. Shoot and root length was retarded with the increase of concentration and time of treatment in both species. Generally radical was more negatively affected than coleoptile and emergence of radical was not observed at 1.0% concentration at 8, 12, and 16 hours of treatment in T. aestivum while in P. minor there was a total lack of radical emergence at 1.0% concentration for all durations of treatment. Stiff and curled roots and undifferentiated callus like scutellar tissues were observed in T. aestivum, while in P. minor the coleoptile obtained was lean, pale green in colour and was lying flat on filter paper. Mitotic index decreased, while chromosomal abnormalities, bridges and laggards were increased with the increase of concentration and soaking time however, laggards were not observed in T. aestivum. Clumping and chain formation of chromosomes at metaphase was also noticed in P. minor.     

Growth, light interception and yield responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under elevated CO2 and O3 in open-top chambers

Spring wheat cv. Minaret was grown to maturity under three carbon dioxide (CO₂) and two ozone (O₃) concentrations in open-top chambers (OTC). Green leaf area index (LAI) was increased by elevated CO₂ under ambient O₃ conditions as a direct result of increases in tillering, rather than individual leaf areas. Yellow LAI was also greater in the 550 and 680 μmol mol^–1 CO₂ treatments than in the chambered ambient control; individual leaves on the main shoot senesced more rapidly under 550 μmol mol^–1 CO₂, but senescence was delayed at 680 μmol mol^–1 CO₂. Fractional light interception (f) during the vegetative period was up to 26% greater under 680 μmol mol^–1 CO₂ than in the control treatment, but seasonal accumulated intercepted radiation was only increased by 8%. As a result of greater carbon assimilation during canopy development, plants grown under elevated CO₂ were taller at anthesis and stem and ear biomass were 27 and 16% greater than in control plants. At maturity, yield was 30% greater in the 680 μmol mol^–1 CO₂ treatment, due to a combination of increases in the number of ears per m^–2, grain number per ear and individual grain weight (IGW). Exposure to a seasonal mean (7 h d^–1) of 84 nmol mol^–1 O₃ under ambient CO₂ decreased green LAI and increased yellow LAI, thereby reducing both f and accumulated intercepted radiation by ≈ 16%. Individual leaves senesced completely 7–28 days earlier than in control plants. At anthesis, the plants were shorter than controls and exhibited reductions in stem and ear biomass of 15 and 23%. Grain yield at maturity was decreased by 30% due to a combination of reductions in ear number m^–2, the numbers of grains per spikelet and per ear and IGW. The presence of elevated CO₂ reduced the rate of O₃-induced leaf senescence and resulted in the maintenance of a higher green LAI during vegetative growth under ambient CO₂ conditions. Grain yields at maturity were nevertheless lower than those obtained in the corresponding elevated CO₂ treatments in the absence of elevated O₃. Thus, although the presence of elevated CO₂ reduced the damaging impact of ozone on radiation interception and vegetative growth, substantial yield losses were nevertheless induced. These data suggest that spring wheat may be susceptible to O₃-induced injury during anthesis irrespective of the atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Possible deleterious mechanisms operating through effects on pollen viability, seed set and the duration of grain filling are discussed.     

Cu2+与Zn2+递进胁迫下高羊茅的初期生长效应及生态阈限研究

通过重金属 Cu2 +、Zn2 +递进胁迫高羊茅初期生长效应及生态阈限的研究 ,结果表明 :在 Cu2 +与 Zn2 +递进胁迫作用下 ,高羊茅生长在各处理浓度均不同程度上受到抑制作用 ,其抑制效应随重金属浓度的增加而增强 ,各项测定指标与胁迫浓度呈极显著负线性关系 ,并各相关系数均达到极显著水平 ( r>-0 .90 0 0 * * ) ;生长综合效应分析比较 ,Cu2 +比 Zn2 +的负向效应为明显。根与茎叶对 Cu2 +与 Zn2 +的富集状况分析采用 ICP-AES法 ,分析结果表明 ,随着重金属 Cu2 +与 Zn2 +胁迫浓度的增加 ,高羊茅根系和茎叶的重金属含量均随之增加 ,根系对 Cu2 +与 Zn2 +的富集系数均明显大于茎叶。从绿度分析看 ,本实验条件下的 Cu2 +与 Zn2 +胁迫 ,均未出现草坪草绿度的明显变化。     

DNA超甲基化在小麦耐盐胁迫中的作用

运用高效液相色谱技术测定小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)耐盐品种‘德抗961’和盐敏感品种‘豫麦34’盐胁迫后叶片和根DNA中5-甲基胞嘧啶百分含量的变化,结果表明,经150 mmol/L NaCl处理6 d后,‘德抗961’叶片和根DNA中的5-甲基胞嘧啶的百分含量显著下降,但经150 mmol/L NaCl处理10 d后,耐盐品种‘德抗961’叶片和根DNA中的5-甲基胞嘧啶的百分含量都比盐敏感品种‘豫麦34’的高。由此推测DNA超甲基化可能是植物耐盐机制的一部分。     

淡水小球藻清除Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+污染能力的研究

用接种密度(n/mL-1)为498 ×104的淡水小球藻对含Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+的水体分别处理,观察了藻细胞对上述3种离子的清除能力,并用金鱼存活检测了结果.结果表明(1)淡水小球藻对不同密度的Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+都有清除能力,Cu2+的密度在0.094～0.484 mol/L时,清除率为61%～84.5%;Cd2+的密度在0.053～0.32mol/L时,清除率为45.90%～78.20%;Zn2+的密度在0.077～0.466 mol/L时,清除率为61.80%～84.80%.(2)淡水小球藻Cu2+、Cd2+和Zn2+良好工作浓度分别为0.094～0.484 mol/L、0.053～0.32 mol/L和0.077～0.466mol/L.其中,Zn2+的清除能达到国家污染物排放的二级标准.