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1.
Recent evidence suggests that several unknown or ill-characterized factors strongly influence cell growth and function in
culture. Isolating these factors is necessary in order to maximize culture productivities. Methylglyoxal (MG), a potent protein
and nucleic acid modifying agent, has been identified as a player in the signaling pathways associated with cell death and
is known to be detrimental to cultured cells. This compound is produced in all mammalian systems by spontaneous phosphate
elimination from glycolytic pathway intermediates. A kinetic model that qualitatively describes the cellular distribution
of protein-associated MG in the absence of enzymatic adduct formation predicted far lower levels of reversibly bound MG than
measured in cultured CHO cells. This suggests that the targeted modification of proteins through enzymatically mediated mechanisms
is a significant sink for cellular methylglyoxal. The model was validated with measurements of carbon flux through the glyoxalase
pathway to d-lactic acid, a unique end product of MG metabolism in mammalian systems. Fluxes to d-lactic acid of up to 16.8 mmol
ml-packed cells−1 day−1 were measured with CHO cells grown in batch culture or 100-fold more than found in normal tissues. 相似文献
2.
Catapan Elizabete Otuki Michel Fleith Viana Ana Maria 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,62(3):195-202
An efficient micropropagation protocol was developed for the medicinal plant Phyllanthus caroliniensis (Euphorbiaceae) using nodal segments for axillary shoot proliferation. Maximum multiplication (21–23 shoots per explant)
was achieved on MS or AR media supplemented with either 5.0 μM BA, 1.25–5.0 μM kinetin or 2.5–5.0 μM 2iP. Rooting was achieved
with 80–100% of the microshoots on MS medium without growth regulators, although 1.25 μM NAA and 1.25–5.0 μM IAA promoted
significant increases in the number of roots per explant. Regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized and about 88%
of plantlets survived under ex vitro conditions. Flowering was observed on in vitro grown plantlets and after 3–4 weeks of acclimatization. High frequency callus initiation and growth was achieved when nodal
segment explants were inoculated in the vertical position on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 μM 2,4-D. Root cultures were
successfully established on MS medium containing 1.1 μM NAA. The optimized micropropagation, callus and root culture protocols
offer the possibility to use cell/root culture techniques for vegetative propagation and secondary metabolism studies.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Akula Ramakrishna Parvatam Giridhar Gokare Aswathanarayana Ravishankar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2011,47(6):667-673
High-frequency somatic embryogenesis was achieved in Coffea canephora using calcium ionophore A23187, which influences the influx of calcium into a cell. With 100 μM calcium ionophore and 5 mM
calcium, 85% and 70% of cultures produced embryogenic tissue, with 105 ± 7 and 95 ± 8 primary embryos from each callus mass
respectively. Medium supplemented with 100 μM EGTA (calcium chelator) or 1 mM verapamil (calcium channel blocker) significantly
reduced somatic embryogenesis. Calcium imaging studies were done to determine the relationship between morphogenetic response
and the cellular calcium levels. The calcium ionophore/calcium treatment was very effective in driving cellular machinery
toward embryogenesis. The embryos were regenerated into plantlets when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 5 mM calcium/100 μM
calcium ionophore A23187. Somatic embryogenesis-derived plants were successfully transferred to soil and grown to maturity
in the field. 相似文献
4.
Arsenic trioxide (ATO; As2O3) can induce apoptotic cell death in various cancer cells including lung cancer cells. However, little is known about the
toxicological effects of ATO on normal primary lung cells. In this study, we investigated the cellular effects of ATO on human
pulmonary fibroblast (HPF) cells in relation to cell growth inhibition and death. ATO inhibited HPF cell growth with an IC50 of approximately 30–40 μM at 24 h and induced cell death accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP;
ΔΨm). Thus, HPF cells were considered to be very resistant to ATO insults. ATO increased the expression of p53 protein and decreased
that of Bcl-2 protein. This agent activated caspase-8 but not caspase-3 in HPF cells. Z-VAD (a pan-caspase inhibitor; 15 μM)
did not significantly decrease cell growth inhibition, death and MMP (ΔΨm) loss by ATO. Moreover, administration of Bax or casase-8 siRNA attenuated HPF cell death by ATO whereas p53 or caspase-3
siRNAs did not affect cell death. In conclusion, HPF cells were resistant to ATO and higher doses of ATO induced the growth
inhibition and death in HPF cells via the regulation of Bcl-2 family and caspase-8. 相似文献
5.
Two inhibitors, aviglycine and propargylglycine, were tested for their ability to suppress methionine synthesis thus inhibit
conidial germination and mycelial growth of Czapek-Dox liquid medium grown Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. luffae
μM. The linear inhibition range for mycelial growth was about 7.6–762.9 μM. Although aviglycine did not completely inhibit both conidial germination and mycelial growth, it showed significant inhibitory
effect at 1.5 μM. The inhibition range for propargylglycine against conidial germination and mycelial growth were from 0.08 to 8841 μM and from 0.8 to 884.1 μM, respectively. Propargylglycine inhibited conidial germination and mycelial growth at a concentration of 8841 μM. The EC50 values of aviglycine were 1 μM for conidial growth and 122 μM for mycelial growth, and the EC50 values of propargylglycine were 47.7 μM for conidial growth and 55.6 μM for mycelial growth. Supplement of methionine released inhibition of aviglycine or propargylglycine to conidial germination.
In addition, a mixture of aviglycine (1.5 μM) and propargylglycine (8841 μM) showed additive inhibitive effect than applied alone on 10 isolates. From these results, both aviglycine and propargylglycine
exhibited inhibitory activity, and suggest that they can provide potential tools to design novel fungicide against fungal
pathogens. 相似文献
6.
Protective Effect of Retinal Ischemia by Blockers of Voltage-dependent Calcium Channels and Intracellular Calcium Stores 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Massote PD Pinheiro AC Fonseca CG Prado MA Guimarães AL Massensini AR Gomez MV 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2008,28(6):847-856
In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of blockers of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) and intracellular
calcium stores on retinal ischemic damage induced by oxygen deprivation-low glucose insult (ODLG) was investigated. Retinal
damage induced by ODLG was dependent on the calcium concentration in the perfusion medium. When incubated in medium containing
2.4 mM CaCl2, cell death in ischemic retinal slices treated with blockers of VDCC, ω-conotoxin GVIA (1.0 μM), ω-conotoxin MVIIC (100 nM)
and nifedipine (1.0 μM), was reduced to 62 ± 2.3, 46 ± 4.3 and 47 ± 3.9%, respectively. In the presence of blockers of intracellular
calcium stores, dantrolene (100 μM) and 2-APB (100 μM), the cell death was reduced to 46 ± 3.2 and 55 ± 2.9%, respectively.
Tetrodotoxin (1.0 μM), reducing the extent of the membrane depolarization reduces the magnitude of calcium influx trough VDCC
causing a reduction of the cell death to 55 ± 4.3. Lactate dehydrogenase content of untreated ischemic retinal slices was
reduced by 37% and treatment of ischemic slices with BAPTA-AM (100 μM) or 2-APB (100 μM) abolished the leakage of LDH. Dantrolene
(100 μM) and nifedipine (1.0 μM) partially blocked the induced reduction on the LDH content of retinal ischemic slices. Histological
analysis of retinal ischemic slices showed 40% reduction of ganglion cells that was prevented by BAPTA-AM or dantrolene. 2-APB
partially blocked this reduction whilst nifedipine had no effect, p > 0.95. Conclusion Blockers of VDCC and intracellular calcium-sensitive receptors exert neuroprotective effect on retinal ischemia. 相似文献
7.
V. K. Sreenivas V. N. Jisha Kottackal Poulose Martin P. V. Madhusoodanan 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(5):2051-2056
The present study prospects Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume as a new source of anthocyanins through leaf and internode explants-derived callus cultures. Murashige and Skoog
(MS) medium fortified with 21.48 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid was superior for callus growth. Of the different regimes, the
anthocyanin production relied on synergic effects of plant growth regulators, pH, light, and carbon source. The calluses incubated
in light on MS medium with 4% glucose containing 2.22 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.26 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at pH 3.5 yielded the highest amount (a mean of 0.42 mg g−1 callus) of anthocyanins. Subsequent cultures of the calluses on the above medium yielded a stable production of anthocyanins.
Medium containing glucose was superior to that with sucrose for anthocyanin formation. Kinetin was inhibitory to anthocyanin
accumulation. Suspension cultures of MS medium containing 2.26 μM 2,4-D and 2.22 μM BA at pH 5.0 started excretion of anthocyanins
into the medium on reaching to pH 4.4–4.6. 相似文献
8.
Alicja Piotrowska Andrzej Bajguz Romuald Czerpak Katarzyna Kot 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2010,29(1):53-62
The present study was undertaken to test the influence of exogenously applied jasmonic acid (JA) at concentrations of 0.01–100 μM
upon the growth and metabolism of the aquatic plant Wolffia
arrhiza (Lemnaceae). JA acted in a concentration-dependent manner. JA at 0.1 μM stimulated plant growth and accumulation of cellular
components (proteins, monosaccharides, chlorophylls, phaeophytins, and carotenoids). Treatment with JA at 0.1 μM enhanced
W.
arrhiza viability by the induction of biomass production and increased the level of photosynthetic pigments, monosaccharides, and
soluble proteins. Moreover, JA at 0.1 μM activated the enzymatic (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, NADH peroxidase) and nonenzymatic
antioxidant (ascorbate, glutathione) system in W.
arrhiza and, therefore, suppressed lipid peroxidation. In contrast, decreases in fresh weight, major photosynthetic pigments, monosaccharides,
and soluble protein content were observed in W. arrhiza exposed to 100 μM JA. JA applied at 100 μM also stimulated the formation of lipid peroxides which are responsible for membrane
damage. In the presence of 100 μM JA, antioxidant enzyme (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, NADH peroxidase) activity and ascorbate
as well as glutathione content were inhibited. The data support the hypothesis that JA plays an important role in W.
arrhiza growth and metabolism, regulating oxidative status by direct influence on the enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic antioxidant
machinery. 相似文献
9.
El Bahri Trabelsi Selima Naija Nedra Elloumi Zina Belfeleh Monji Msellem Rachida Ghezel Sadok Bouzid 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(2):319-324
Somatic embryogenesis of olive Olea europaea (L.) ‘Chetoui’ was studied using cell suspension cultures initiated from mature leaf-derived calli. Calli were developed
on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 10 μM NAA and 2.25 μM 2i-P in the dark. Different combinations of three plant
growth regulators (2,4-D, NAA and zeatin) were tested to determine cell proliferation and somatic embryogenesis induction
and differentiation. Embryogenic suspension cultures were established in olive-modified medium for embryogenesis (OMe) containing
2.5 μM 2,4-D and 2.5 μM zeatin. Pre-globular and globular embryos were induced from mature olive tissue in liquid medium.
In addition, the nitrogen form as inorganic (reduced; (NH4)2SO4 or oxidized; KNO3) and organic (CH) was used separately or in combination to improve the cell growth and proliferation. The most effective
growth rate and cell proliferation were obtained with the medium containing inorganic and organic nitrogen forms. 相似文献
10.
Juliana Bello Baron Maurer Adaucto Bellarmino Pereira-Netto Filomena Angela Pettolino Yolanda Maria Gaspar Antony Bacic 《Trees - Structure and Function》2010,24(2):391-398
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are a family of highly glycosylated hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins implicated in several
aspects of plant growth and development. (β-d-glucosyl)3 Yariv phenylglycoside (β-GlcY), commonly known as Yariv reagent, selectively binds AGPs. We treated cell suspension cultures
of Araucaria
angustifolia, the Brazilian pine, with β-GlcY and observed inhibition of biomass increase in a culture medium with 50 μM β-GlcY. However,
the growth was not inhibited by (α-d-galactosyl)3 Yariv phenylglycoside (α-GalY) which does not bind AGPs. Fluorescein diacetate staining of cells indicated that β-GlcY severely
affected cell viability. However, cell swelling, bursting and release of cellular contents, all characteristics of necrotic
cell death, were not observed in β-GlcY-treated cells. Instead, programmed cell death (PCD) structural changes such as cytoplasmic
shrinkage and condensation were observed in β-GlcY-treated cells. In addition, callose accumulation, which is another marker
of PCD, was also observed in β-GlcY-treated cells. The use of both, Ac-VEID-CHO, an inhibitor of caspase-like proteolytic
activity related to PCD, and phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), a protease inhibitor known to suppress PCD, in the culture
medium did not reverse the growth inhibition caused by β-GlcY. These data indicate that the β-GlcY-induced inhibition of Araucaria cell’s growth is related to AGP perturbation, and also that this growth inhibition is due to increased cell death not driven
by necrosis. 相似文献
11.
Human retinoblastoma: in vitro differentiation and immunoglobulin superfamily antigen modulation by retinoic acid 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R. M. Conway Michele C. Madigan Nicholas J. C. King Francis A. Billson Philip L. Penfold 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1997,44(4):189-196
Suspension and attachment cultures of Y79 human retinoblastoma cells were treated with all-trans retinoic acid (RA) for up to 10 days to assess its effect on growth and cell-surface expression of immunoglobulin superfamily
antigens MHC class I and class II, ICAM-1, NCAM and Thy1. RA up to 10 μM induced growth inhibition, and marked morphological
differentiation with extension of prominent processes resembling neurites was seen in attachment cultures. However, above
10 μM RA produced extensive cell death. We also observed increased cell-surface expression of MHC class I, ICAM-1, NCAM and
Thy1 on Y79 cells treated with 10 μM over 10 days; constitutive MHC class II expression was not apparent, nor did RA treatment
appear to induce Y79 cells to express MHC class immunoreactivity. The up-modulation of cell-adhesion molecules (NCAM, ICAM-1
and Thy1) and immune recognition molecules (NCAM, ICAM-1 and MHC class I), associated with reduced growth and tumour cell
differentiation, suggests that RA may have a potential role in regulating the growth and development of retinoblastoma tumours.
Received: 29 August 1996 / Accepted: 16 January 1997 相似文献
12.
Lan Ding Hong-Wei Jing Tao Wang Jing Li Guo-An Liu 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2010,29(4):419-427
Epinodosin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid isolated from Isodon japonica var. galaucocalyx, had a biphasic, dose-dependent effect on root growth and a strong inhibitory effect on root hair development in Lactuca sativa L. seedlings. Lower levels of epinodosin (25–100 μM) significantly promoted root growth, but higher concentrations (150–200 μM),
by contrast, had inhibitory effects. In addition, all of the tested concentrations (20–80 μM) inhibited root hair development
of lettuce seedlings in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigations on the underlying mechanism revealed that the promotion
effect of epinodosin (25–100 μM) resulted from increasing the cell length in the mature region and enhancing the mitotic activity
of meristematic cells in lettuce seedling root tips. On the other hand, epinodosin at higher concentrations inhibited root
growth by strongly affecting both the cell length in the mature region and the division of meristematic cells. Comet assay
analysis demonstrated that the decrease of mitotic activity of root meristematic cells was due to DNA damage induced by higher
levels of epinodosin. 相似文献
13.
Iosif Papanastasiou Katerina Soukouli Georgia Moschopoulou Jane Kahia Spiridon Kintzios 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,92(2):215-225
We investigated the effect of the physical state of the nutrient medium on the induction of somatic embryogenesis on cell
cultures derived from coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Non-embryogenic callus tissues were pulsed initially with 50 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) for 6, 24 or 48 h in half-strength
liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. After pretreatment, calli were transferred to agar-solidified half-strength MS medium
supplemented with 50 μM BA (‘standard induction medium’). Control callus tissues were incubated directly on the solid standard
induction medium. Callus growth was promoted by longer pretreatment periods. Formation of globular somatic embryos was observed
on callus tissues pretreated with BA for 24 or 48 h, which developed fully to cotyledonary-stage within only 2 weeks after
transfer to agar-solidified medium supplemented with BA. No embryo formation occurred in control cultures. Pretreatment with
BA in liquid medium was associated with changes in the redox status of cultured cells, such as alterations of the ascorbate–glutathione
redox systems and the accumulation of free radicals and oxidized lipids, as well as the possible reduction of cytochrome c-mediated apoptotic pathways. In particular, the induction of somatic embryogenesis was highly positively correlated (r
2 = 0.822) with the accumulation of protein carbonyls. The physiological role of BA as an inducer of both embryonic differentiation
and cellular death is discussed. 相似文献
14.
Antifungal mechanism of antibacterial peptide, ABP-CM4, from Bombyx mori against Aspergillus niger 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antibacterial peptide, CM4 (ABP-CM4), a 35 amino acid peptide from Chinese silkworm—Bombyx mori, displayed a strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Gibberella saubinetii. Scanning electron microcopy showed that the morphology of conidia became more irregular and swelled when treated with ABP-CM4
at its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μM. A cell wall regeneration assay indicated that the plasma membrane was
the prime target of ABP-CM4 action. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the cytoskeleton of A. niger was destroyed when treated with ABP-CM4 at 8 μM. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy showed that the membrane
and the cellular organelles of fungus were disrupted and there were many vacuoles in the fungal cellular space after the treatment
with ABP-CM4. A gel-retardation assay showed that ABP-CM4 bound the DNA of A. niger. Our results suggest that ABP-CM4 exerts its antifungal activity by disrupting the structure of cell membranes and the cytoskeleton
and interacts with the organelles, such as the mitochondrion and with the DNA in the fungal cell, subsequently resulting in
cell death. 相似文献
15.
Cumene peroxide and Fe2+-ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation and effect of phosphoglucose isomerase
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of cytotoxic aldehydes produced in cells as a result of lipid peroxidation and further MDA metabolism in cytoplasm is not known. In our experiments the liver fraction 10,000 g containing phosphoglucose isomerase and enzymes of the glyoxalase system was used and obtained experimental data shows that in this fraction there is an aggregate of reactions taking place both in membranes (lipid peroxidation) and outside membranes. MDA accumulation is relatively slow because MDA is a substrate of aldehyde isomerase (MDA ↔ methylglyoxal). The well known enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase acts as an aldehyde isomerase (Michaelis constant for this enzyme Km = 133 ± 8 μM). MDA conversion to methylglyoxal and further to neutral product D-lactate (with GSH as a cofactor) occurs in cytoplasm and D-lactate should be regarded as the end product of two different parametabolic reactions: lipid peroxidation or protein glycation. 相似文献
16.
Summary
Cupressus macrocarpa and C. arizonica were examined for callus and cell culture production in vitro. Both species produced callus on agar-solidified MSCY medium supplemented with vitamins, antioxidants, 0.14 μM kinetin (KIN), and 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Suspension cultures of both species were established in liquid MSCY medium. Seiridin
(SE) and iso-seiridin (ISE), two phytotoxic butenolides produced by Seiridium cardinale, S. cupressi, and S. unicorne, the causal agents of many canker diseases of cypress, were tested on callus or cell suspension cultures. In the medium without
other plant growth regulators (PGR), SE promoted cell proliferation of cypress better than ISE, for callus initiation, callus
maintenance, and cell suspension cultures. The growth rates of cypress callus tissues and suspension cultures of both cypress
species on media containing 50–150 μM SE or ISE were measured. At concentrations of 50 μM and higher, growth rates increased exponentially with the SE concentration. A comparison with KIN and 2,4-D indicated that
50 μM SE promoted growth of callus tissues and cell suspension cultures more than 100 μM ISE. SE can also interact with, or counteract, KIN and 2,4-D. It was demonstrated that SE could replace KIN in the medium
for C. arizonica. SE could be involved in cell enlargement and proliferation processes. The less susceptible cypress species (C. arizonica) had a high content of terpenoids than that of the more susceptible species (C. macrocarpa). SE could be a useful tool as a phytohormonal-like regulator to manipulate physiological changes at the cellular level and
as an elicitor of sensitivity or tolerance of cypress germplasm to the phytotoxin. 相似文献
17.
Programmed cell death (PCD), now known as apoptosis, is accompanied by specific morphological features. In this study, fusaric acid, a fusarium mycotoxin, was used to examine cell death in saffron (Crocus sativus Linnaeus) roots, using several apoptosis assays. Our results show that moderate FA doses (50–100 μM) induce apoptotic features while high FA doses (> 200 μM) stimulate necrosis. The apoptotic-like features induced by moderate doses of FA include chromatin condensation, formation of condensed chromatin spheres which bud from the nucleus, fragmentation of nucleosomal DNA into ∼ 180 bp fragments, exposure of phosphatidyl serine to the external membrane leaflet, delivery of cytochrome c to cytosol, and generation of H2O2. These apoptotic alterations in root cells are not observed in the presence of serine protease, caspase-1 or caspase-3 inhibitors. It is proposed that production of H2O2 and release of cytochrome c into the cytosol may activate caspase-like proteases and thus establish the apoptotic pathway. As nuclei budding spheres formed in plant root cells after exposure to 50–100 μM FA doses seem to be digested inside the cytosol, we suggest labeling them as internal apoptotic bodies (IAB) that may be more informative than previously used term, apoptotic-like bodies.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available to authorised users in the online version of this article at . 相似文献
18.
Ling Li Jun Qin Qiang Feng Hao Tang Rong Liu Liqing Xu Zhinan Chen 《Molecular biotechnology》2011,47(1):9-17
While heparin has been shown to eliminate cell aggregation in suspension adaptations of insect and HEK293 cells for virus-based
cell cultures, the role of heparin in long period serum-free suspension adaptation of the anchorage-dependent Chinese hamster
ovary (CHO) cell lines remains inconclusive. In this paper, we explore the potential application of heparin in suspension
adaptation of CHO cell line which produces an anti-human chimeric antibody cHAb18. Heparin showed a concentration-dependent
inhibition of CHO–TS28 cell-to-cell adhesion, with a significant inhibitory effect occurring when the concentration exceeded
250 μg/ml (P < 0.001). Heparin also exhibited a cell aggregation elimination role at all concentrations (P < 0.001). Furthermore, heparin promoted cell growth and antibody secretion, with the highest cell density ((99.83 ± 12.21) × 104 cells/ml, P = 0.034) and maximum antibody yield ((9.46 ± 0.94) mg/l, P < 0.001) both occurring at 250 μg/ml heparin. When agitated, cell aggregates were effectively dispersed by 250 μg/ml heparin
and a single-cell suspension culture process was promoted. In suspension adapted CHO–TS28 cells, cell growth rates and specific
antibody productivity were maintained; while antigen-binding activity improved slightly. Together, our results show that heparin
may promote suspension adaptation of anchorage-depended CHO cells by resisting cell aggregation without reducing cell growth,
antibody secretion, and antigen-binding activity. 相似文献
19.
Vinod Kumar A Ramakrishna G A Ravishankar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(6):602-607
The effect of cobalt chloride, salicylic acid, and silver nitrate for embryogenesis was studied in in vitro cultures of Coffea canephora. Murashige and Skoog (in Physiol. Plant. 15:473–497, 1962) medium containing 20 and 40 μM either of cobalt chloride, silver
nitrate, or salicylic acid supplemented with 1.1 μM N
6 benzyladenine and 2.85 μM indole-3-acetic acid was used for the study. At 20 and 40 μM silver nitrate treatment, 35–48% explants
responded for embryogenesis, and 38 ± 7 and 153 ± 27 embryos were produced from each callus mass, respectively, whereas only
5% control explants responded on medium devoid of silver nitrate, cobalt chloride, or salicylic acid. Secondary embryogenesis
was observed in 70–90% of the explants, and around 100–150 embryos were produced from each explant cultured on a medium containing
silver nitrate, and only a 3% response was noticed in control embryo explants. Yellow friable embryogenic calluses were obtained
from the cut edges of most of the tissues grown in a medium supplemented with cobalt chloride. The results clearly demonstrated
that, among the tested ethylene inhibitors, silver nitrate is very effective in reprogramming the cellular machinery toward
embryogenesis. 相似文献
20.
Friable callus cultures were initiated from cotyledons and hypocotyls of Opuntia ficus-indica. Explants from cotyledons produced significantly more callus than those from hypocotyls. Optimum callus growth was observed
on Murashige & Skoog medium supplemented with 0.9 μM 6-furfurylaminopurine, 2.3 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1.0 μM
4-amino 3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid, 400 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate and 3% sucrose. The same medium without agar was used for establishing cell suspensions.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献