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树皮是维管形成层以外的所有组织,其功能性状是反映植物生态适应策略的重要研究对象。为了揭示亚热带山地乔、灌木小枝树皮功能性状特征及其关联性,采用独立样本T检验和标准主轴回归方法对武夷山19种常见木本植物小枝树皮的主要功能性状的基本特征及其相关性进行了分析。结果发现：(1)树皮厚度、树皮密度与树皮含水量在乔、灌木之间无显著差异,其均值分别为(0.78±0.06)mm、(0.58±0.03)mg/cm3和(155.07±14.16)%。树皮碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量特征在乔、灌木之间差异也不显著,C、N、P平均值分别为(492.43±4.25)mg/g、(8.90±0.74)mg/g和(0.61±0.06)mg/g,树皮C∶N、C∶P与N∶P平均值分别为60.76±4.17、905.53±67.36与15.19±0.84。(2)树皮性状之间存在关联,其中树皮厚度与密度、密度与含水量均呈异速生长关系,而树皮厚度与含水量、氮含量与磷含量均呈等速生长关系。乔木树皮碳含量和磷含量间、灌木树皮密度和氮含量间均呈异速生长关系,乔木与灌木各性状间关系差异不显著。结果表明... 相似文献
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王艳萍;王斌;陆芳;陶旺兰;李健星;黄甫昭;郭屹立;向悟生;李先琨 《生态学杂志》2025,44(5):1436-1447
树皮由维管形成层以外的所有组织组成,其功能特性反映植物重要的生态适应策略。为揭示弄岗喀斯特季节性雨林常见树种树皮厚度在不同类群和功能群间的差异以及生物因子和环境因子对树皮厚度的影响,以弄岗15 hm2永久森林监测样地内多度大于20的128种常见树种为研究对象,分析不同类群和功能群之间树皮厚度的差异,以及生物因子和环境因子对树皮厚度的影响。结果发现：弄岗128种常见树种的树皮总厚度、外树皮厚度、内树皮厚度均值分别为2.95、0.70、2.26 mm;亚麻科（Linaceae）、紫葳科（Bignoniaceae）、茶茱萸科（Icacinaceae）的树皮相对较厚;树皮厚度在不同类群和功能群间均呈显著差异,且内树皮厚度>外树皮厚度;不同功能群中,落叶种>常绿种（外树皮厚度除外）,乔木种>小乔木种>灌木种;树皮厚度的系统发育信号较弱,因此树皮厚度主要受生境因素影响;在影响树皮厚度的多种生物因子中,物种因子的解释率最高;此外,树皮厚度变异受地形因子和土壤因子驱动,不同群丛位置存在相似性,树皮总厚度与林分因子和环境因子均存在相关性。综上,弄岗喀斯特季节性雨林群落内树种的树皮厚度较薄,不同树种间和功能群间的树皮厚度存在较大差异,表明这些树种对当地湿润气候的适应性,环境因子对树皮厚度的解释揭示了树种通过调整树皮厚度来适应不同环境条件和生态位的策略。 相似文献
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The frequency of fire has increased in savannas yet few studies have assessed how plants persist when subjected to long‐term disturbance by fire. We investigated the contributions of bark thickness and resprouting to the persistence of woody plants in two fire trials that were started in 1948 and 1949. The number of resprouts per individual, bark thickness, basal diameter and height of woody plants were measured in unburnt plots and those burnt annually, triennially and quinquennially during the late dry season. Changes in tree density, number of resprouts and individuals in different height classes between 1963 and 2002 were assessed. Bark thickness varied among species and also increased with increases in basal diameter. Generally, plants with thick bark survived fire more than those with thin bark. Resprouting was the major fire survival strategy for most species. The number of resprouts produced per plant ranged from 4 ± 3 (Acacia rehmanniana) to 14 ± 9 (Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia). Fire reduced species richness in plots burnt annually and triennially by 47% and 6% respectively. Species richness increased in unburnt plots (5%) and those burnt quinquennially (16%). Most woody species survived fire through a combination of traits. 相似文献
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Vinicius L. Dantas;Luan Carlos Silva Oliveira;Carmen Regina Marcati;Júlia Sonsin-Oliveira; 《Journal of Biogeography》2024,51(9):1801-1813
To test the hypothesis that adaptive shifts leading to the assembly of tropical savannas involved coordination between bark and wood traits and to understand the underlying mechanisms. 相似文献
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T. E. Kolb N. Guerard R. W. Hofstetter M. R. Wagner 《Agricultural and Forest Entomology》2006,8(4):295-303
1 The present study investigated the influence of tree size and bole position on selection of ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) by Ips pini Say (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in a northern Arizona forest. Ips pini were attracted to lower and upper bole positions with pheromone lures, and the number of attacks counted. In addition, tree phloem and bark thickness, resin flow in response to wounding and characteristics of tree water and carbon relations were all measured. 2 Bark thickness was the most strongly related tree characteristic to number of I. pini attacks. Thin bark and a high number of attacks occurred at the lower bole position of 10‐cm diameter trees and upper bole positions of 23‐, 35‐, and 50‐cm diameter trees. 3 Phloem thickness increased directly with tree size, was greater at the upper bole compared with the lower bole, but was not associated with number of attacks. 4 Resin flow did not differ strongly over tree sizes or bole positions, and was not related to number of I. pini attacks. Attacks were not related to characteristics of tree carbon and water relations measured during I. pini flights. 相似文献
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Julieta A. Rosell Frida I. Piper Cipatli Jimnez‐Vera Paula C. B. Vergílio Carmen R. Marcati Matiss Castorena Mark E. Olson 《Plant, cell & environment》2021,44(1):156-170
Non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) are crucial for forest resilience, but little is known regarding the role of bark in NSC storage. However, bark's abundance in woody stems and its large living fraction make it potentially key for NSC storage. We quantified total NSC, soluble sugar (SS) and starch concentrations in the most living region of bark (inner bark, IB), and sapwood of twigs, trunks and roots of 45 woody species from three contrasting tropical climates spanning global extremes of bark diversity and wide phylogenetic diversity. NSC concentrations were similar (total NSC, starch) or higher (SS) in IB than wood, with concentrations co‐varying strongly. NSC concentrations varied widely across organs and species within communities and were not significantly affected by climate, leaf habit or the presence of photosynthetic bark. Starch concentration tended to increase with density, but only in wood. IB contributed substantially to NSC storage, accounting for 17–36% of total NSC, 23–47% of SS and 15–33% of starch pools. Further examination of the drivers of variation in IB NSC concentration, and taking into account the substantial contribution of IB to NSC pools, will be crucial to understand the role of storage in plant environmental adaptation. 相似文献
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蝴蝶兰成花过程中叶片内源激素与多胺含量的变化动态 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以苗龄18~20个月的蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis)成熟苗为试材,通过夜温17℃/日温27℃处理诱导其成花,并研究蝴蝶兰成花过程中,叶片内源激素及多胺含量的变化动态。结果显示:低温诱导蝴蝶兰成花的临界期为第15d,芽重、内源激素和多胺含量均在第15d出现明显的消长规律;较低含量GA3、ABA,高含量ZR、Spd,高比值ZR/GA3、ZR/ABA和Spd/Put状态有利于成花;相对高含量的内源ZR是成花的关键因素;内源多胺与激素含量动态具有关联效应。 相似文献
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莼菜为世界著名珍稀水生蔬菜,具有很高的食用和药用价值。已有研究显示,可通过冬芽实现莼菜复壮,找出休眠解除的最佳方法是复壮的基本前提。本实验以莼菜冬季型休眠芽（冬芽）为实验材料,通过光照、温度等处理探求莼菜冬芽的休眠解除方法。莼菜冬芽生根率随着光照强度的增加,其生根率由全黑暗0%显著增长至（16.0±1.3）%;温度和处理时间对莼菜冬芽生根率、根长、生根根数和含水量有显著性影响。其中,35 °C水浴处理6 h后各项指标均到达较大值,上述指标分别为（96.1±2.8）%、（7.2±0.2） cm、74.5±6.0和（83.6±0.3）%;40 °C（6 h）、45 °C（1、3和6 h）和50 °C（10、20和30 min）水浴处理后莼菜冬芽绝大部分失绿变黄;随着培养时间的延长,其冬芽全部腐烂。光照能够促进莼菜冬芽生根;土培生根效果较为显著;适度水浴加热处理能有效解除莼菜冬芽的休眠,35 °C水浴处理6 h为最佳处理方案。 相似文献
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Tree life history strategies are correlated with functional plant traits, such as wood density, moisture content, bark thickness, and nitrogen content; these traits affect the nutrients available to xylophagous insects. Cerambycid beetles feed on substrates that vary in these traits, but little is known about how they affect community composition. The goal of this project is to explore the community composition of two cerambycid subfamilies (Cerambycinae and Lamiinae) according to the wood traits in the wood they eat. In a salvage project conducted adjacent to the Panama Canal, trees were felled and exposed to Cerambycidae for oviposition. Disks from branches of differing thickness from the same plant individuals were used to calculate wood density, moisture content, and bark thickness in the field; nitrogen data were acquired offsite. Thick and thin branches tended to differ in wood trait values; therefore, data were analyzed separately in subsequent analyses. In thin branches, cerambycid abundance and species richness were higher in samples with less dense, moister wood, and thicker bark. Thick branches showed similar trends, but the wood traits accounted for little variability in beetle abundance or species richness. There were no significant regressions between beetle data and nitrogen. Cerambycines emerged more slowly, and from denser, drier wood, than lamiines. Cerambycines might be more drought-tolerant than lamiines, and therefore, more resistant to the longer, more severe dry seasons that are predicted to occur due to climate change. 相似文献
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以9种水肥处理的31个尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)无性系为试材,人工控制水肥18个月后对其树高、地径、枝下高、1/4树高直径、2/4树高直径、3/4树高直径和树皮厚性状指标进行测定,分析各性状的变异系数、Duncan多重比较和主成分,同时对优良无性系进行评选。结果显示,尾叶桉无性系生长性状存在较大变异,枝下高的变异系数最大,为50.78%,地径的变异系数最小,为12.46%,表明尾叶桉不同无性系间遗传多样性较丰富。尾叶桉无性系在不同水肥处理下苗木的树高、地径、树皮厚、1/4树高直径、2/4树高直径和3/4树高直径总体上差异显著,所有无性系在处理组合32、33下表现较优。6个性状可以综合为3个主成分,前3个主成分累计贡献率达84%。依据树高、树皮厚和地径的基因型值综合评选表现较好的无性系为30、7、1、29、20和6,平均遗传增益较整体水平分别提高10.73 cm、0.02 mm和0.83 mm,增幅达5.29%、6.38%和2.24%。 相似文献
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Careskey HE Davis RA Alborn WE Troutt JS Cao G Konrad RJ 《Journal of lipid research》2008,49(2):394-398
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has gained attention as a key regulator of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This novel protease causes the degradation of hepatic low density lipoprotein receptors. In humans, gain-of-function mutations in PCSK9 cause a form of familial hypercholesterolemia, whereas loss-of-function mutations result in significantly decreased LDL-C levels and cardiovascular risk. Previous studies have demonstrated that statins upregulate PCSK9 mRNA expression in cultured cells and animal models. In light of these observations, we studied the effect of atorvastatin on circulating PCSK9 protein levels in humans using a sandwich ELISA to quantitate serum PCSK9 levels in patients treated with atorvastatin or placebo for 16 weeks. We observed that atorvastatin (40 mg/day) significantly increased circulating PCSK9 levels by 34% compared with baseline and placebo and decreased LDL-C levels by 42%. These results suggest that the addition of a PCSK9 inhibitor to statin therapy may result in even further LDL-C decreases. 相似文献
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采用由我们研制的植物低温保护剂对番茄幼苗抗寒力的影响。用植物低温保护剂处理番茄幼苗,超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、过氧比氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性升高,丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量及电导率降低。脯氨酸、可溶性总糖和叶绿素含量增加;根和叶的ＴＴＣ还原率同步增大,电导率同步降低;抗寒力鉴定结果表明：番茄幼苗可抵抗－２℃─－５℃［－２℃（５ｈ）─－３℃（３ｈ）－─４℃（３ｈ）─－５℃（１ｈ）］长达１２小时的低温,田间结果表明,番茄幼苗可抵抗－２℃─４℃低温长达一周。 相似文献
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STANLEY SHOSTAK 《Invertebrate reproduction & development.》2013,57(6):321-331
Chlorohydra uiridissima whose tentacle number is altered at different temperatures, was studied to see how other developmental variables changed as a function of temperature. The results suggest that temperature is instrumental in establishing the size of bud and tentacle primordia, but the number of primordia present may play a limiting role. Animals were cultured at 18, 23 and 28°C and shifted between the extreme temperatures. Large animals with 8 tentacles, small animals with 5 tentacles, and intermediate animals with 6 and 7 tentacles served as parents. Buds and parents were monitored daily and scored for numbers of buds and tentacles. Temperature, not parental size, determined the size of the buds. At the lower temperature buds were produced more slowly and initiated less frequently, but occurred in greater numbers per parent and had more tentacles than at the higher temperatures. The duration of bud development also increased at lower temperature, but at the lowest temperature the duration of bud development was not correlated with tentacle numbers on buds. Changes in the frequency of bud initiation and the duration of bud development induced by changing temperature did not parallel changes in the number of tentacles produced on buds. Animals shifted from 18°C to 28°C underwent rapid increases in the rate of bud initiation and rapid shortening in the duration of bud development, while animals shifted from 28°C to 18°C underwent equally rapid changes in the opposite directions. The number of tentacles produced on buds, however, changed slowly to that characteristic of buds acclimated to the new temperatures. The frequency of bud initiation and the duration of bud development, therefore, do not determine tentacle number. The number of tentacles already present seems to limit possibilities for adding new tentacles. Parents with five tentacles were especially likely to undergo upward changes in their tentacle number while parents with eight tentacles were resistant to such changes. 相似文献
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通过人为控制种群密度的栽培实验,从基株和构件水平上观察羊草无性系种群的生长动态,分析不同密度水平上羊草种群通过调节种群的生长、发育、增殖以及死亡过程来适应密度制约的途径。研究结果表明：1)羊草种群密度可在不同的构件水平间得到调节。当基株密度得到适当调节后便可减缓构件密度(无性系枝条、根茎芽等)的变化幅度和影响构件的发育进程。2)无性系枝条是羊草种群的主体,常在生长季后期出现大量增长,都处于生长旺盛的幼苗期,为翌年春季的返青积累能量和物质。3)单位面积总生物量随密度增加而提高,虽然尚未出现产量恒值现象,但存活枝条平均单株重(地上生物量)随密度增加呈下降趋势,这已反映出密度制约的作用。4)不同密度下羊草种群的生殖过程表现为：低密度时以无性繁殖为主,根茎芽的存活力较高;高密度时以有性繁殖为主,生殖分配值较大。 相似文献
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The size of LDL is usually reported as particle diameter, with the implicit assumption that it is a spherical particle. On the other hand, data obtained by cryoelectron microscopy and crystallographic analysis suggest that LDL shape may be discoid. We have investigated LDL particle geometry by combining data on LDL lipid composition with size measurement. The mean LDL diameter of 160 samples was measured by high-performance gel-filtration chromatography (HPGC), and particle volume was calculated from its lipid composition. Assuming a spherical shape, diameters calculated from volume correlated poorly with values obtained by HPGC (R(2) = 0.36). Assuming a discoid shape, particle height was calculated from volume and HPGC diameter. Diameter (20.9 +/- 0.5 nm) and height (12.1 +/- 0.8 nm) were not significantly related to each other (r = 0.14, P = 0.09) and accounted for 23% and 77%, respectively, of the variation in particle volume. In multivariate regression models, LDL core lipids were the main determinants of height (R(2) = 0.83), whereas free cholesterol in the shell, which contributes only 5-9% to LDL mass, was the main determinant of diameter (R(2) = 0.54). We conclude that combined data from composition and size measurements are compatible with a discoid particle shape and propose a structural model for LDL in which free cholesterol plays a major role in determining particle shape and diameter. 相似文献
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Ruiz J Kouiavskaia D Migliorini M Robinson S Saenko EL Gorlatova N Li D Lawrence D Hyman BT Weisgraber KH Strickland DK 《Journal of lipid research》2005,46(8):1721-1731
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) associates with lipoproteins and mediates their interaction with members of the LDL receptor family. ApoE exists as three common isoforms that have important distinct functional and biological properties. Two apoE isoforms, apoE3 and apoE4, are recognized by the LDL receptor, whereas apoE2 binds poorly to this receptor and is associated with type III hyperlipidemia. In addition, the apoE4 isoform is associated with the common late-onset familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease. Although the interaction of apoE with the LDL receptor is well characterized, the specificity of other members of this receptor family for apoE is poorly understood. In the current investigation, we have characterized the binding of apoE to the VLDL receptor and the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP). Our results indicate that like the LDL receptor, LRP prefers lipid-bound forms of apoE, but in contrast to the LDL receptor, both LRP and the VLDL receptor recognize all apoE isoforms. Interestingly, the VLDL receptor does not require the association of apoE with lipid for optimal recognition and avidly binds lipid-free apoE. It is likely that this receptor-dependent specificity for various apoE isoforms and for lipid-free versus lipid-bound forms of apoE is physiologically significant and is connected to distinct functions for these receptors. 相似文献