General approach to bacterial nutrition: growth factor requirements of Moraxella nonliquefaciens.

A general procedure was devised for the determination of growth factor requirements of heterotrophic bacteria based upon identification of individual nutrients as they are successively depleted from a limited quantity of complex medium. By using this approach, it was possible to develop a defined medium for growth of Moraxella nonliquefaciens that contained nine amino acids and three vitamins. Three of the amino acids, proline, serine, and cysteine, were required in unusually high concentrations to obtain optimal growth. Methionine had a sparing action on the requirements for serine and cysteine. Glycine could substitute for serine. Although a required nutrient, cysteine was inhibitory for growth, but this inhibitory action was antagonized by valine or leucine. The requirement for cysteine was satisfied by cystine, glutathione, or sodium sulfide. M. nonliquefaciens could not use ammonia as a nitrogen source but could use glutamate or aspartate for this purpose. With the exception of 1 auxotrophic strain, the growth factor requirements of 23 independently isolated strains of M. nonliquefaciens were essentially the same.     

Long-term Domiciliary Oxygen in Chronic Bronchitis with Pulmonary Hypertension

Five patients with chronic bronchitis and pulmonary hypertension were treated with oxygen in their homes for periods of between 6 and 24 months. Oxygen was supplied for 15 hours daily from cylinders or from an oxygen concentrator and few practical difficulties arose. After 23 to 59 weeks of treatment there were significant decreases in pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance, and four of the five patients no longer had pulmonary hypertension at rest. Two of these patients had shown little response after three weeks of treatment. There was a reduction in the number of episodes of congestive cardiac failure compared with the corresponding period before treatment. Two of the patients improved enough to return to work. These results are encouraging enough to justify a controlled trial of the treatment in a large number of patients.     

慢性支气管炎住院患者机械通气的危险因素分析

目的：分析慢性支气管炎住院患者进行辅助机械通气的危险因素。方法：采取回顾性统计分析方法,收集2009-2014 年5 年 中共1746 例慢性支气管炎住院患者的临床资料,应用SPSS 17 软件分组对年龄、性别、肺气肿、慢性肺源性心脏病、肺性脑病、肺 大泡、肺炎、支气管扩张、哮喘、冠心病、高血压病、糖尿病、低蛋白血症、贫血、肝功能异常、肾功能异常等因素进行卡方检验及危 险因素分析。结果：1746 慢性支气管炎患者中,进行辅助机械通气治疗者626 人（无创辅助通气613人、有创辅助通气187 人）,未 进行辅助机械通气治疗者1120人。辅助机械通气治疗者中有439 人单纯行无创辅助通气、13 人单纯行有创辅助通气、174 人为 两种通气方式序贯。统计分析显示：高龄（＞ 65岁）、慢性肺气肿、慢性肺源性心脏病、肺性脑病、糖尿病、低蛋白血症、肝功能异常、 肾功能异常是慢性支气管炎患者行无创辅助通气的危险因素（OR＞1,P<0.05) ;高龄（＞65 岁）、男性、慢性肺源性心脏病、肺性脑 病、肺炎、糖尿病、低蛋白血症、贫血、肝功能异常、肾功能异常是慢性支气管炎患者行有创辅助通气的危险因素（OR＞1,P<0.05)。 结论：高龄、性别以及一些肺内外合并疾病是慢性支气管炎住院患者行辅助通气的危险因素,提示在临床工作中对这一类患者加 强教育、积极控制合并症具有重要的意义。     

慢性支气管炎动物模型研究进展

慢性支气管炎是呼吸系统发病率和死亡率高的一种重要原因,临床和基础研究进展缓慢。吸入烟雾、空气污染物与职业接触慢性刺激传导气道是慢性支气管炎发病的关键因素。近年来虽提出各种各样动物模型,但具实用价值者仍极有限。复制慢性支气管炎动物模型有周期长、个体差异大、检测困难及可靠性差等问题。本文简要介绍烟熏、吸入SO2与气管内滴注脂多糖等最常用的慢性支气管炎动物模型的研究进展。将有益于抗慢性支气管炎药物研究时的更多选择应用。     

Effect of Nitrazepam in Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis

The effect of nitrazepam on ventilatory capacity and arterial blood gas tensions was studied in a double-blind controlled crossover trial in six patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis in ventilatory failure (raised Paco₂). Nitrazepam produced a fall in ventilatory capacity and worsening of the ventilatory failure. In the sixth patient, while on the active drug, the Pao₂ fell from 48 to 35 mm Hg while the Paco₂ tension rose from 59·5 to 68 mm Hg. It is suggested that nitrazepam is contraindicated in patients with severe chronic obstructive bronchitis.