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1.
Abstract Dopamine has been suggested to be involved in physiological and/or behavioural changes triggered by mating in European honeybee (Apis mellifera) queens but its specific role remains unclear. In the present study, the amounts of dopamine (DA) and its metabolite, N‐acetyldopamine (NADA) are measured, in queens of various ages to clarify the association with locomotor activity. The effects of DA receptor agonist/antagonist drugs on locomotor activity are further investigated. Brain levels of DA and NADA are relatively constant during the period before mating when locomotor activity reportedly increases with age but decreases in 1‐year‐old laying queens with low locomotor activity. Reduced DA and NADA levels are also found in haemolymph of 1–3‐month‐old laying queens. When a DA receptor agonist or antagonist is injected into 6‐day‐old virgin queens, locomotor activity levels increase significantly with 2‐amino‐6,7‐dihydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene (agonist), and decreased with cis(Z)‐flupenthixol (antagonist). These results suggest that DA systems are involved in the motor control of honeybee queens, and that the decline in DA levels reduces locomotor activity after mating but increased locomotor activity before mating may be independent of DA levels. 相似文献
2.
Hiroto Ohta Kazuko Tsuchihara Kanako Mitsumasu Toshinobu Yaginuma Yoshihisa Ozoe Kiyoshi Asaoka 《Insect biochemistry and molecular biology》2009,39(5-6):342-347
Dopamine (DA) is a physiologically important biogenic amine in insect peripheral and nervous tissues. We recently cloned two DA receptors (BmDopR1 and BmDopR2) from the silkworm Bombyx mori and identified them as D1-like receptors, which activate adenylate cyclase to increase intracellular cAMP levels. In this study, these two receptors were stably expressed in HEK-293 cells, and the dose-responsiveness to DA and their pharmacological properties were examined using cAMP assays. BmDopR1 showed a dose-dependent increase in cAMP levels at DA concentrations up to 10?7 M with EC50 of 3.30 nM, while BmDopR2 required 10?6 M DA for activation. In BmDopR1-expressing cells, DA at 10?6–10?4 M induced 30–50% lower cAMP production than 10?7 M DA. BmDopR2-expressing cells showed a standard sigmoidal dose–response, with maximum cAMP levels attained with 10?5–10?4 M DA and EC50 of 1.30 μM. Both receptors had similar agonist profiles, and the typical vertebrate D1-like receptor agonist SKF-38393 was ineffective. Experiments with antagonists revealed that BmDopR1 exhibits D1-like features. However, the pharmacology of BmDopR2 was distinct from D1-like receptors; the typical vertebrate D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390 was less potent than the nonselective antagonist flupenthixol and the D2-like receptor antagonist chlorpromazine. The rank order of activities of several antagonists for BmDopR1 and BmDopR2 was more similar to that of Drosophila melanogaster DA receptors than Apis mellifera DA receptors. These data suggest that DA receptors could be potential targets for specific insecticides or insectistatics. 相似文献
3.
Dan Zhu Hongwei Yu Hongjiang He Jiuli Ding Jie Tang Dan Cao Lirong Hao 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2013,380(1-2):185-193
Mesangial cells (MCs) play a crucial role in maintaining structure and function of glomerular tufts, providing structural support for capillary loops and modulating glomerular filtration by their contractility. MCs apoptosis occurs in experimental diabetic nephropathy, and this correlates with worsening albuminuria. Accumulating evidence suggests that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockade effectively reduces proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy; however, it is rarely known whether spironolactone (SPI), a nonspecific MR antagonist, inhibits apoptosis in MCs under hyperglycaemic conditions. The objectives of this study are to determine the relationship between SPI and apoptosis, and investigate the cell signalling pathway by which SPI inhibits apoptosis. Rat MCs were treated with 30 mM d-glucose and 10?8, 10?7 or 10?6 M aldosterone (ALD) for 24 h. In some experiments, MCs were pretreated with 10?7 M SPI or 10 mM LiCl for 1 h. Apoptosis was evaluated by cell nucleus staining and flow cytometric analyses, and caspase-3 activity was assayed. Gene and protein expression were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. SPI directly inhibited high glucose and ALD-induced MCs apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. Importantly, SPI inhibited MCs apoptosis via the Wnt signalling pathway. SPI promoted activation of the Wnt signalling pathway in MCs, leading to upregulation of Wnt4 and Wnt5a mRNA expression, decreased GSK-3β protein expression and increased β-catenin protein expression. As a conclusion, this study suggests that SPI may inhibit apoptosis in MCs during hyperglycaemic conditions via the Wnt signalling pathway. Blockade of the ALD system may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent MCs injury under hyperglycaemic conditions. 相似文献
4.
M.F. Giorguieff-Chesselet M.L. Kemel D. Wandscheer J. Glowinski 《Life sciences》1979,25(14):1257-1261
Rat striatal slices were continuously superfused with 3H-tyrosine to study the effect of a low concentration of nicotine on the spontaneous release of newly synthesized 3H-dopamine (3H-DA). Nicotine (10?6M) stimulated the calcium-dependent spontaneous release of 3H-DA. This effect was prevented by nicotinic blockers such as pempidine (10?5M) and d-tubocurarine (5×10?6M). The stimulatory effect of nicotine and its blockade by pempidine were still observed in the presence of tetrodotoxin (5×10?7M). This demonstrates for the first time that a low concentration of nicotine is effective in releasing DA by acting on presynaptic nicotinic receptors located on terminals of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons. 相似文献
5.
Liming Wu Danping Wuxiang Huoqing Zheng Jilian Li Gang Pan 《Molecular biology reports》2012,39(12):10325-10330
Honey bee queens have the ability to store sperm in spermathecae for fertilizing eggs throughout their life. To investigate mechanisms for sperm storage in Apis mellifera, we employed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to find differentially expressed fragments in spermathecae between virgin queens and newly mated queens. A new gene, named SRP16, was obtained by joining the SSH products with 5′-RACE and 3′-RACE. SRP16 is predicted to encode a 41?kDa protein with 363 amino acid residues. Its expression was found in the spermathecae dominantly in honey bee queens but not in honey bee workers, with the highest expression found in spermathecae of virgin and newly mated queens. SRP16 expression was weak in other tissues of queens other than in the spermathecae and showed no obvious change with reproductive status of queens. The results suggest that SRP16 may play important roles in sperm storage and honey bee reproduction. 相似文献
6.
In honey bees (Apis mellifera), virgin queens may eject a liquid substance from their abdomens while they are engaged in fatal combat. We investigated the functional significance of spraying behavior by staging queen duels within colonies housed in observation hives. Spraying occurred in 39.7% of all interactions between rival queens and was recorded in 12 of 15 duels. Workers were highly attracted to the surfaces and individuals contaminated by spraying, forming tight clusters with hundreds of bees in which movement was severely restricted. One or both queens in a pair became immobilized by the workers in 37.5 and 29.2% of all spraying events, respectively, but the queens were never killed by the workers. Conversely, a mobile queen penetrated the worker aggregation and stung an immobilized queen in one-third of the observed bouts. Thus spraying may serve as a fighting tactic by virgin queens to increase their chances of winning by temporarily immobilizing their rivals. 相似文献
7.
Ioulia Bespalova Ken R. Helms 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2014,113(4):1011-1020
The evolution of weaponry occurs less frequently in females than in males and is most often important for protecting ecological resources or offspring rather than winning mates. The purpose of female weapons is often confounded by the presence of similar weapons in males, so cases where only females need weapons provide important tests of our understanding of how and why weapons evolve. In some populations of the ant, Messor pergandei (Mayr), newly mated queens initiate new nests in social groups that subsequently break down when queens engage in battles for control. The incipient social environment differs geographically, so that lethal fighting occurs in some populations but not others. Consistent with the hypothesis that queens in populations where lethal fighting occurs should show selection for weaponry (broad heads and strong mandibles), we found that heads of queens from sites where lethal fighting occurs were broader than those at sites with non‐fighting queens and a site with solitary queens. Evolution of weaponry is specific to queens, because regression results from workers often did not follow this pattern. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 113 , 1011–1020. 相似文献
8.
G. Jawahar D. L. Punita G. Rajasheker C. Manoharachary P. Venkatachalam P. B. Kavi Kishor 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2018,135(2):235-245
Morphogenic cultures of Gloriosa superba were initiated on Murashige and Skoog’s medium fortified with 2 mg L?1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.5 mg L?1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 4% sucrose and 0.1% activated charcoal. To enhance the content of the alkaloid colchicine, morphogenic cultures were treated with different concentrations of abiotic elicitors like signalling compounds, metals, biotic elicitors, precursors and a combination of elicitors. Signalling molecules like acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and sodium nitroprusside improved the production of colchicine. Abiotic elicitors have markedly (p?≤?0.05 or ≤?0.01) enhanced the colchicine content either at lower or higher concentrations. Among the metals, the highest amount of 11.67 mg of colchicine g?1 dry wt was noticed at 60 mM rubidium chloride, followed by 60 mM NaCl (11.18 mg g?1). Contrarily, in the presence of biotic elicitors such as Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, colchicine content ranged only between 2 and 5.32 mg g?1, but Bacillus subtilis repressed it. Among the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine at 500 mg L?1 influenced the highest accumulation of 19.48 mg g?1 dry tissue, followed by tryptophan (12.47 mg g?1), and tyrosine (9.87 mg g?1), a direct precursor of colchicine biosynthesis, while intact tubers and leaves contained 4.65 and 4.16 mg of colchicine g?1 dry tissue respectively. A combination of 10 µM AlCl3 and 50 µM salicylic acid (SA) registered 17.34 mg g?1 followed by 16.24 mg g?1 tissue in presence of 1 µM HgCl2 and 50 µM SA. The results suggest that the elicitor-stimulated colchicine accumulation was a stress response and can be exploited further for commercial production. 相似文献
9.
Abstract: Pridefine (AHR-1118) is a pyrrolidine derivative with clinically established antidepressant efficacy. Previous work from this laboratory indicates that pridefine is a reuptake blocker of catecholamines and serotonin with weak releasing activity. This study characterized the mode of amine uptake inhibition by pridefine as noncompetitive. The uptake experiments were performed utilizing ouabain instead of zero-degree controls to differentiate between the passive and active components of uptake. Furthermore, the passive component was resolved into diffusion and binding of substrate. Correction was made for the effects of ouabain on binding. Kinetic constants determined from Lineweaver-Burk plots were: Km= 3 × 10?7 M for NE, Km= 9 × 10?8 M for DA, and Km= 3 × 10?8 M for 5-HT. Dixon analyses of uptake at various pridefine concentrations indicated noncompetitive inhibition with Ki= 2.5 × 10?6 M for NE uptake, Ki= 2.0 × 10?6 M for DA uptake, and Ki= 1 × 10?5 M for 5-HT uptake. These constants compare well with IC50 values for the same transmitters: NE, IC50= 2.4 × 10?6 M; DA, IC50= 2.8 × 10?6 M; 5-HT, IC50= 1.0 × 10?5 M. The in vitro results indicate that pridefine is relatively specific as a catecholamine uptake blocker. It differs from tricyclic antidepressants which are reportedly competitive inhibitors of monoamine uptake. The possible mechanisms by which pridefine acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Laura Camacho-Jiménez Fernando Díaz María Enriqueta Muñoz-Márquez Claudia Farfán Ana Denise Re 《Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology》2017,50(1):67-79
The effects of dopamine (DA) on crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) release and osmoregulation were investigated in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Application of 2 μg of the recombinant CHH-B1His hormone or 2?×?10?6 mol L?1 of DA to intact shrimp caused an increase in the hemolymph glucose levels 1 h post-injection, suggesting that DA might stimulate hyperglycemia through CHH release from the sinus glands. This assumption was supported by similar experiments using bilaterally eyestalk-ablated shrimp. Additionally, rCHH-B1His restored the osmoregulatory capacity (OC) of shrimp under hyperosmotic conditions to basal values 2 h post-injection, whereas DA led to an OC decrease in shrimp at all sampling times. These neuroendocrine factors may be involved in the control of metabolism and osmoregulation in L. vannamei and could be important for its adaptation to different environmental conditions. 相似文献
11.
Rosa Maisto María Oltra Lorena Vidal-Gil Natalia Martínez-Gil Javier Sancho-Pellúz Clara Di Filippo 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2019,18(4):413-424
ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells cultured in a medium containing 35 mM D-glucose led to an augmented ROS formation and release of vascular endothelial factor (VEGF)-containing exosomes compared to ARPE-19 cells cultured in a medium containing 5 mM D-glucose (standard medium). Exposing these cells to the melanocortin 5 receptor agonist (MCR5) PG-901 (10?10M), for 9 d reduced ROS generation, the number of exosomes released and their VEGF content. In contrast, incubating the cells with the melanocortin receptor MCR1 agonist BMS-470539 (10?5 M) or with the mixed MCR3/4 agonist MTII (0.30 nmol) did not produce any significant decrease in ROS levels. ARPE-19-derived VEGF-containing exosomes promoted neovascularization in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), an effect that was markedly reduced by PG-901 (10?10M) but not by the MCR3/4 agonist MTII (0.30 nmol) or the MCR1 agonist BMS-470539 (10?5 M). The MCR5-related action in the ARPE-19 cells was accompanied by the increased expression of two coupled factors, cytochrome p4502E1 (CYP2E1) and nuclear factor kappa b (Nf-κB). These are both involved in high glucose signalling, in ROS generation and, interestingly, were reduced by the MCR5 agonist in the ARPE-19 cells. Altogether, these data suggest that MCR5 is a modulator of the responses stimulated by glucose in ARPE-19 cells, which might possibly be translated into a modulation of the retinal pigment epithelium response to diabetes in vivo. 相似文献
12.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs newly identified and play important roles in RNA regulation. The mechanism and function of circRNAs have been reported in some species. However, little is known regarding circRNAs in honey bees. In this study, we analyzed circRNAs through bioinformatics, and predicted 12,211 circRNAs in the ovary of honey bee queens. 1340, 175 and 100 circRNAs were differentially expressed in comparisons of egg-laying queens vs virgin queens, egg-laying inhibited queens vs egg-laying queens and egg-laying recovery queens vs egg-laying inhibited queens. Further, functional annotation of differentially expressed circRNAs revealed several pathways that are closely related to ovary activation and oviposition, including insulin secretion and calcium signaling pathways. Moreover, the potential interactions among circRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs were investigated. Ame_circ_0005197 and ame_circ_0016640 were observed to sponge several reproductive related miRNAs. These findings demonstrate that circRNAs have potential effects in ovary activation and oviposition of honey bees. 相似文献
13.
The objective of this study was to analyze the mechanism of some physiological processes accompanying acquisition of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) chilling resistance due to seeds hydropriming in the presence of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, 24-epibrassinolide followed exposition of seeds to short-term heat shock treatment. The seeds were hydroprimed at 25 °C in limited amounts of water or solution of salicylic or jasmonic acid at 10?2, 10?3 and 10?4 M concentration, 24-epibrassinolide at 10?6, 10?8 and 10?10 M concentration. The seeds were incubated for 2 days, subjected to short-term heat shock (45 °C, 2 h) and chilled for 21 days at 0 °C. Sunflower chilling susceptibility and physiological responses were evaluated according to the inhibition of radicle growth, the inhibition of the number of lateral roots formation, the activity of catalase and changes in soluble carbohydrates in seedlings developing for 72 h at 25 °C. Hydropriming and short-term heat shock application explicitly reduced inhibition of roots as well as lateral roots development by allowing the germinating seeds to recover from the growth-inhibiting effects of chilling. Seeds hydropriming in solutions containing salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and 24-epibrassinolide followed heat shock treatment additionally promoted the activity of catalase and sugars metabolism, which stimulated seedlings development and alleviated the decrease of F v/F m caused by chilling conditions. These beneficial effects contributed to increased resistance of sunflower seedlings to chilling stress. The present study demonstrated that the most profitable effect on reducing negative effect of chilling may be achieved by short-term heat shock applied during hydropriming in water supplemented with 24-epiBL (10?8 and 10?10 M) or salicylic acid (10?3 and 10?4 M). 相似文献
14.
Yuki Kobayashi Yoshikuni Hodoki Kako Ohbayashi Noboru Okuda Shin-ichi Nakano 《Limnology》2013,14(1):43-49
We estimated the grazing impact of the heterotrophic flagellate Collodictyon triciliatum on the harmful, bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in an experimental pond during a Microcystis bloom from summer to winter in 2010. For these experiments, we calculated the grazing rates from the digestion rate of C. triciliatum and its food vacuole contents. During the study period, M. aeruginosa exhibited one bloom event with a maximum density of 1.1 × 105 cells ml?1. The cell density of C. triciliatum fluctuated from below the detection limit to 291 cells ml?1. The number of M. aeruginosa cells ingested by C. triciliatum food vacuoles ranged between 0.4 and 10.8 cells flagellate?1, and the digestion rate of C. triciliatum at 25 °C was 0.73 % cell contents min?1. The grazing rate of C. triciliatum on the M. aeruginosa prey was 0.2–6.9 cells flagellate?1 h?1, and its grazing impact was 0.0–25.3 % standing stock day?1. The functional response of C. triciliatum to the M. aeruginosa prey followed the Michaelis–Menten model of significance (r 2 = 0.873, p < 0.001) in our experimental systems, in which the prey concentration varied from 1.0 × 104 to 2.1 × 106 cells ml?1. The maximum grazing rate was 6.2 prey cells grazer?1 h?1, and the half-saturation constant was 1.2 × 105 cells ml?1. We present evidence that C. triciliatum grazing explained the remarkable decrease in M. aeruginosa cell density in the pond. The present study is the first demonstration of the high potential of protistan grazing on M. aeruginosa to reduce cyanobacterial blooms. 相似文献
15.
Erhan Dinçkaya M. Kemal Sezgintürk F. Nil Ertaş 《Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology》2013,43(2):119-128
This study describes a novel biosensor method for specific determination of nitrate in food and water samples by using nitrate reductase (NR) (EC 1.9.6.1) biosensor based on the detection of oxidation peak current of redox mediator, methyl viologen, related to nitrate concentration. The method was shown to be selective and sensitive to determine the nitrate levels of water samples and processed meat samples. Immobilization procedure and also working conditions of the biosensor were optimized. Dynamic range attained with this method was established as (5.0–90.0 × 10?9 M) for nitrate concentration with a 10 s response time. Limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the biosensor were calculated as 2.2 × 10?9 M and 5.79 × 10?9 M, respectively. Reproducibility experiments was established on repetitive measurements by using a freshly prepared biosensor for avoiding the memory effect. The RSD was calculated as 1.22% at a nitrate concentration of 4.7 × 10?8 M (n = 7). 相似文献
16.
Tatiana S. Filatova Nikolay Naumenko Pavel A. Galenko-Yaroshevsky Denis V. Abramochkin 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2017,73(2):167-174
Electrophysiological effects produced by selective activation of M3 cholinoreceptors were studied in isolated left atrium preparations from rat using the standard sharp glass microelectrode technique. The stimulation of M3 receptors was obtained by application of muscarinic agonist pilocarpine (10?5 M) in the presence of selective M2 antagonist methoctramine (10?7 M). Stimulation of M3 receptors induced marked reduction of action potential duration by 14.4 ± 2.4% and 16.1 ± 2.5% of control duration measured at 50 and 90% of repolarization, respectively. This effect was completely abolished by selective M3 blocker 4-DAMP (10?8 M). In isolated myocytes obtained from the rat left atrium, similar pharmacological stimulation of M3 receptors led to suppression of peak L-type calcium current by 13.9 ± 2.6% of control amplitude (measured at +10 mV), but failed to affect K+ currents I to, I Kur, and I Kir. In the absence of M2 blocker methoctramine, pilocarpine (10?5 M) produced stronger attenuation of I CaL and induced an increase in I Kir. This additive inward rectifier current could be abolished by highly selective blocker of Kir3.1/3.4 channels tertiapin-Q (10?6 M) and therefore was identified as I KACh. Thus, in the rat atrial myocardium activation of M3 receptors leads to shortening of action potentials via suppression of I CaL, but does not enhance the major potassium currents involved in repolarization. Joint stimulation of M2 and M3 receptors produces stronger action potential shortening due to M2-mediated activation of I KACh. 相似文献
17.
CL 115,129 and its methyl ester, CL 115,347, were studied for their vasorelaxant effects and compared to that of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and its methyl ester on isolated ductus arteriosus (DA) from fetal lambs and rabbits. CL 115,129 and CL 115,347 potently relaxed the oxygen-indomethacin constricted ductus in a concentration dependent manner. The threshold concentration was 1×10?13M and the estimated EC50's (M) were 6.9×10?8 and 4.3×10?8, respectively, for CL 115,129 and CL 115,347. Also confirmed was the vasorelaxant ability of PGE2. These studies indicate that the CL compounds possess potent vasorelaxant effects on the DA although less potent than PGE2 or its methyl ester. 相似文献
18.
Mohammed S. El-Awady Dina S. El-Agamy Ghada M. Suddek Manar A. Nader 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2014,70(1):247-254
While propolis is known to have abundant bioactive constituents and a variety of biological activities, it is not clear whether propolis has beneficial effects on high glucose-mediated vascular endothelial impairment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential protective effect of propolis extract against the acute vascular endothelial dysfunction resulting from exposure to high glucose load and to elucidate its underlying mechanism. Rat aortic rings were incubated with normal glucose (11 mM), high glucose (44 mM), or mannitol (44 mM) for 3 h with or without propolis extract (400 μg/ml). Contraction to phenylephrine (Phe, 10?9–10?5 M) and relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh, 10?9–10?5 M) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10?9–10?5 M) were measured before and after incubation. Changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured. Phe-induced contraction was impaired by high glucose as the E max decreased from 138.87?±?11.43 to 103.65?±?11.5 %. In addition, ACh-induced relaxation was impaired as the E max decreased from 99.80?±?7.25 to 39.20?±?6.5 %. SNP-induced relaxation was not affected. Furthermore, high glucose decreased the levels of both SOD (by 6 U/ml) and GSH (by 68 %) and increased levels of MDA (by 85 %). Propolis extract prevented high glucose-induced impairment of Phe and ACh responses and increased both SOD and GSH, leading to decreased MDA levels. In conclusion, propolis can protect against high glucose-induced vascular dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress. 相似文献
19.
Paul R. Myers 《Journal of cellular physiology》1979,98(1):11-16
PGE1 elicited a slow, dose-dependent membrane depolarization with an increase in membrane conductance in the somatic cell hybrid TCX11. The ED 50 was 1-2 × 10?8 M with maximal responses at 1-5 × 10?7 M. Dopamine (DA) reversed the effect of PGE1 and caused the membrane potential and resistance to return to control levels. Chronic exposure of cells (measured in minutes) to DA alone would not cause this hyperpolarization. 5-HT was also tested and failed to consistently reverse the PGE1 effects. Chlorpromazine antagonized the effects of DA on the PGE1 response. The electrophysiological results reported here using TCX11 cells are discussed in light of previously reported biochemical results describing interactions of PGE1 and DA, and the electrophysiological effects of DA alone. 相似文献
20.
M. Nasir Khan Manzer H. Siddiqui F. Mohammad M. Naeem M. Masroor A. Khan 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2010,32(1):121-132
Salinity stress affects many metabolic facets of plants and induces anatomical and morphological changes resulting in reduced growth and productivity. To overcome the damaging effects of salinity, different strategies of the application of nutrients with plant hormones are being adopted. The present study was carried out with an aim to find out whether application of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and gibberellic acid (GA3) could alleviate the detrimental effects of salinity stress on plant metabolism. Fifteen days old plants were supplied with (1) 0 mM NaCl + 0 mg CaCl2 kg?1 sand + 0 M GA3 (control, T0); (2) 0 mM NaCl + 10 mg CaCl2 kg?1 sand + 0 M GA3 (T1); (3) 0 mM NaCl + 0 mg CaCl2 kg?1 sand + 10?6 M GA3 (T2); (4) 150 mM NaCl + 0 mg CaCl2 kg?1 sand + 0 M GA3 (T3); (5) 150 mM NaCl + 10 mg CaCl2 kg?1 sand + 0 M GA3 (T4); (6) 150 mM NaCl + 0 mg CaCl2 kg?1 sand + 10?6 M GA3 (T5); (7) 150 mM NaCl + 10 mg CaCl2 kg?1 sand + 10?6 M GA3 (T6). To assess the response of the crop to NaCl, CaCl2 and GA3, plants were uprooted randomly at 60 days after sowing. The presence of NaCl in the growth medium decreased all the growth and physio-biochemical parameters, except electrolyte leakage, proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB) content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), H2O2 content, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and leaf Na content, which exhibited an increase of 37.6, 29.3, 366.9, 107.5, 59.1, 17.1, 28.4 and 255.2%, respectively, compared to the control plants. However, application of CaCl2 in combination with GA3 appears to confer greater osmoprotection by the additive role with NaCl in Pro and GB accumulation. Although the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POX) were increased by salt stress, the combined application of CaCl2 and GA3 to salt-stressed plants further enhanced the activities of these enzymes by 25.1, 6.7 and 47.8%, respectively, compared to plants grown with NaCl alone. The present study showed that application of CaCl2 and GA3 alone as well as in combination mitigated the adverse effect of salinity, but combined application of these treatments proved more effective in alleviating the adverse effects of NaCl stress. 相似文献