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1.
Introduction
Untargeted metabolomics is a powerful tool for biological discoveries. To analyze the complex raw data, significant advances in computational approaches have been made, yet it is not clear how exhaustive and reliable the data analysis results are.Objectives
Assessment of the quality of raw data processing in untargeted metabolomics.Methods
Five published untargeted metabolomics studies, were reanalyzed.Results
Omissions of at least 50 relevant compounds from the original results as well as examples of representative mistakes were reported for each study.Conclusion
Incomplete raw data processing shows unexplored potential of current and legacy data.2.
S. A. M. Compiet R. T. A. Willemsen K. T. S. Konings H. E. J. H. Stoffers 《Netherlands heart journal》2018,26(7-8):377-384
Background
Performing electrocardiography is common in general practice, but the quality of indication setting and diagnostic accuracy have been disputed.Objectives
To assess the competence of general practitioners (GPs) in their decision-making process with regard to recording and interpreting an electrocardiogram (ECG) and evaluating the relevance of the result for management.Methods
An online case vignette survey was performed among GPs and cardiologists (in 2015). Nine cases describing situations for which Dutch clinical guidelines recommend or advise against recording an ECG were presented. In each case, the participant had to make choices on recording an ECG, interpreting it, and using the result in a management decision. The reference standard for each ECG diagnosis was set by the expert author team.Results
Fifty GPs who interpret ECGs themselves, eight GPs who do not and 12 cardiologists completed the survey. Adherence to guidelines recommending an ECG was high for suspected atrial fibrillation, suspected arrhythmia present during consultation, including bradycardia, but much lower for progressive heart failure and stable angina. Diagnostic accuracy of GPs was best in atrial fibrillation (96%), sick sinus syndrome (85%) and old myocardial infarction (82%), but poor in left anterior fascicular block (16%) and incomplete right bundle branch block (10%). GPs often acknowledged the low relevance of the results of a non-indicated ECG.Conclusion
GPs do not fully adhere to Dutch cardiovascular guidelines on indications for recording ECGs. Diagnostic accuracy was high for atrial fibrillation, sick sinus syndrome and old myocardial infarction and poor for left anterior fascicular block and incomplete right bundle branch block.3.
Seyda Ors Kaya Habip Atalay Hakan Rıza Erbay Ali Vefa Özcan İbrahim Goksin Burhan Kabay Koray Tekin 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2005,2(1):21
Objective
Various techniques to reduce air space after pulmonary lobectomy especially for lung cancer have been an important concern in thoracic surgical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection into the diaphragm to reduce air space after right lower pulmonary lobectomy in an animal model.Methods
Twelve male New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated into two groups. All animals underwent right lower lobectomy. Then, normal saline of 0,1 ml and 10 units of 0,1 ml Botulinum toxin type A were injected into the muscular part of the right hemidiaphragm in control (n = 6) and BTX-A groups (n = 6) respectively. Residual air space and diaphragmatic elevation were evaluated with chest X-ray pre- and postoperatively. Diaphragmatic elevation was measured as a distance in millimetre from the line connecting the 10th ribs to the midpoint of the right hemidiaphragm.Results
The mean diaphragmatic elevation in BTX-A and control groups were 7.0 ± 2.5 and 1.3 ± 1.2 millimetres respectively. Diaphragmatic elevations were significantly higher in BTX-A group (p = 0.0035).Conclusion
Intraoperative Botulinum toxin type A injection may reduce postlobectomy spaces effectively via hemidiaphragmatic paralysis in rabbits. Further studies are needed to validate the safe use of Botulinum toxin type A in human beings.4.
Introduction
The Venus p?valve (MedTech, Shanghai, China) is a self-expanding percutaneous heart valve designed to be implanted in a native patched right ventricle outflow tract. The worldwide clinical experience with this valve is just beginning and the results have so far been encouraging. We present our initial early experience implanting the Venus p?valve in the native right ventricle outflow tract of patients with Tetralogy of Fallot repaired with a transannular patch.Methods
In 10 selected patients a procedure for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation was performed using the Venus p?valve. The patients mean age was 32 years (13–57), mean weight 59.6?kg (40–80). All patients had Tetralogy of Fallot with moderate to severe pulmonary regurgitation and an indication for pulmonary valve replacement.Results
The implantation procedure was successful in all the patients resulting in an immediately functional valve. No procedure-related complications were observed. Follow-up after 12 months (4–21) resulted in an improvement in NYHA class. There was a reduction of the mean right ventricle diastolic volume from 139?ml/m2 (105–179) to 78?ml/m2 (65–100) and improvement in the regurgitation fraction from 42% (29–58) to 1% (0–5), as seen on routine cardiac magnetic resonance 6 months after the implantation. No stent fractures have been observed so far.Conclusion
Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation with the Venus p?valve resulted in a safe and effective procedure. The valve has predictable and sustained functional competence, resulting in clinical improvement in the patients.5.
Richard Petersson J. Gustav Smith David A. Larsson Öyvind Reitan Jonas Carlson Pyotr Platonov Fredrik Holmqvist 《BMC cardiovascular disorders》2017,17(1):288
Background
It has previously been shown that the morphology of the P-wave neither depends on atrial size in healthy subjects with physiologically enlarged atria nor on the physiological anatomical variation in transverse orientation of the left atrium. The present study aimed to investigate if different pressures in the left and right atrium are associated with different P-wave morphologies.Methods
38 patients with isolated, increased left atrial pressure, 51 patients with isolated, increased right atrial pressure and 76 patients with biatrially increased pressure were studied. All had undergone right heart catheterization and had 12-lead electrocardiographic recordings, which were transformed into vectorcardiograms for detailed P-wave morphology analysis.Results
Normal P-wave morphology (type 1) was more common in patients with isolated increased pressure in the right atrium while abnormal P-wave morphology (type 2) was more common in the groups with increased left atrial pressure (P = 0.032). Moreover, patients with increased left atrial pressure, either isolated or in conjunction with increased right atrial pressure, had significantly more often a P-wave morphology with a positive deflection in the sagittal plane (P = 0.004).Conclusion
Isolated elevated right atrial pressure was associated with normal P-wave morphology while left-sided atrial pressure elevation, either isolated or in combination with right atrial pressure elevation, was associated with abnormal P-wave morphology.6.
Jeff M Hsing Snehal G Thakkar Ernest C Borden George T Budd 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2007,4(1):14
Background
We report a case of pulmonary sarcoma which is a rare cause of the common symptom of dyspnea.Case presentation
A fifty-one year old previously healthy male presented to the emergency room with complaints of dyspnea on exertion. A cardiac workup including an exercise stress test was negative but an echocardiography showed pulmonary stenosis. Cardiac MRI showed a large mass extending from the pulmonic valve to both the right and left pulmonary arteries suggestive of sarcoma. A complete resection and repair of the pulmonary artery was done and adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide was recommended. The patient is currently disease free after eighteen months.Conclusion
Pulmonary artery sarcomas are a difficult diagnosis. The diagnosis may remain elusive for some time until the proper imaging techniques are utilized to make a diagnosis. Earlier and accurate diagnosis may lead to earlier interventions and improve survival.7.
V.J.M. Baggen M.M.P. Driessen M.C. Post A.P. van Dijk J.W. Roos-Hesselink A.E. van den Bosch J.J.M. Takkenberg G.T Sieswerda 《Netherlands heart journal》2016,24(6):374-389
Background
Identification of patients at risk of deterioration is essential to guide clinical management in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of well-investigated echocardiographic findings that are associated with clinical deterioration in PAH.Methods
MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for longitudinal studies published by April 2015 that reported associations between echocardiographic findings and mortality, transplant or clinical worsening. Meta-analysis using random effect models was performed for echocardiographic findings investigated by four or more studies. In case of statistical heterogeneity a sensitivity analysis was conducted.Results
Thirty-seven papers investigating 51 echocardiographic findings were included. Meta-analysis of univariable hazard ratios (HRs) and sensitivity analysis showed that presence of pericardial effusion (pooled HR 1.70; 95?% CI 1.44–1.99), right atrial area (pooled HR 1.71; 95?% CI 1.38–2.13) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE; pooled HR 1.72; 95?% CI 1.34–2.20) were the most well-investigated and robust predictors of mortality or transplant.Conclusions
This meta-analysis substantiates the clinical yield of specific echocardiographic findings in the prognostication of PAH patients in day-to-day practice. In particular, pericardial effusion, right atrial area and TAPSE are of prognostic value.8.
Antonella Del-Corso Mario Cappiello Roberta Moschini Francesco Balestri Umberto Mura 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(1):2
Introduction
While the evolutionary adaptation of enzymes to their own substrates is a well assessed and rationalized field, how molecules have been originally selected in order to initiate and assemble convenient metabolic pathways is a fascinating, but still debated argument.Objectives
Aim of the present study is to give a rationale for the preferential selection of specific molecules to generate metabolic pathways.Methods
The comparison of structural features of molecules, through an inductive methodological approach, offer a reading key to cautiously propose a determining factor for their metabolic recruitment.Results
Starting with some commonplaces occurring in the structural representation of relevant carbohydrates, such as glucose, fructose and ribose, arguments are presented in associating stable structural determinants of these molecules and their peculiar occurrence in metabolic pathways.Conclusions
Among other possible factors, the reliability of the structural asset of a molecule may be relevant or its selection among structurally and, a priori, functionally similar molecules.9.
Yonghua Bi Jindong Li Zepeng Yu Jianzhuang Ren Gang Wu Xinwei Han 《BMC pulmonary medicine》2018,18(1):182
Background
Metallic large Y stent placement has been used mainly for airway disease around the main carina. However, few studies have reported this treatment for bronchial disease around the primary right carina.Methods
Twenty-eight patients were treated by small y stent. All stents were custom-designed and placed under fluoroscopic guidance. Clinical and imaging data were analyzed retrospectively.Results
Thirty-one stents were successfully inserted in 28 patients. Twenty-five patients succeed at the first attempt (89.3%), and 3 patients needed a second attempt. Twelve complications occurred in 10 patients (35.7%). Stent restenosis and sputum retention were the most common complications. Five patients underwent successful stent removal due to complications or cure efficacy. During follow up, 17 patients died of tumors and one died of myocardial infarction. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 49.3, 19.6 and 19.6%, respectively.Conclusions
Metallic small y stent placement is technically feasible, effective and safe for bronchial disease around the primary right carina.10.
Mohammad Momen Gharibvand Mina Mounesi Arman Shahriari Asghar Sharif Najafi Azim Motamed far Atefeh Roumi 《生物学前沿》2018,13(6):458-463
Background
Diabetes is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. The diabetic foot is characterized by the presence of arteriopathy and neuropathy. When ischemia is diagnosed, restoration of pulsatile blood flow by revascularization may be considered for salvaging the limb. The treatment options are angioplasty with or without stenting and surgical bypass or hybrid procedures combining the two.Aims
To evaluate the outcomes of severe ischemic diabetic foot ulcers for which percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was considered as the first-line vascular procedure. Factors associated with successful PTA were also evaluated.Methods
In 80 consecutive diabetic patients with foot ulcers and severe limb ischemia, PTAwas performed if feasible. All patients were followed until healing or for one year. Clinical and angiographic factors in fluencing outcomes after PTA were sought by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results
PTAwas done in 73 of the 80 (91.2%) patients, and considered clinically succe ssful in 58(79.9%). Successful PTA was significantly higher in patients with Superficial femoral artery, posterior Tibialis and dorsalis pedis arteries involvement in the univariate analysis. Seven patients were expired during the study follow up due to MI, pulmonary thromboembolism and GI bleeding.Conclusion
PTA in diabetic patients with severe ischemic foot ulcers provided favorable. Some parameters could be used for predicting PTA successfulness.11.
Rachel A. Spicer Christoph Steinbeck 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(1):16
Introduction
Data sharing is being increasingly required by journals and has been heralded as a solution to the ‘replication crisis’.Objectives
(i) Review data sharing policies of journals publishing the most metabolomics papers associated with open data and (ii) compare these journals’ policies to those that publish the most metabolomics papers.Methods
A PubMed search was used to identify metabolomics papers. Metabolomics data repositories were manually searched for linked publications.Results
Journals that support data sharing are not necessarily those with the most papers associated to open metabolomics data.Conclusion
Further efforts are required to improve data sharing in metabolomics.12.
Anita H. Lewin Peter Silinski James Hayes Amanda Gilbert S. Wayne Mascarella Herbert H. Seltzman 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(10):117
Introduction
Metabolomics analysis depends on the identification and validation of specific metabolites. This task is significantly hampered by the absence of well-characterized reference standards. The one-carbon carrier 10-formyltetrahydrofolate acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism, where it is a substrate in formyltransferase reactions in purine biosynthesis. It has been reported as an unstable substance and is currently unavailable as a reference standard for metabolomics analysis.Objectives
The current study was undertaken to provide the metabolomics community thoroughly characterized 10-formyltetrahydrofolate along with analytical methodology and guidelines for its storage and handling.Methods
Anaerobic base treatment of 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate chloride in the presence of antioxidant was utilized to prepare 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.Results
Pure 10-formyltetrahydrofolate has been prepared and physicochemically characterized. Conditions toward maintaining the stability of a solution of the dipotassium salt of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate have been determined.Conclusion
This study describes the facile preparation of pure (>90%) 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, its qualitative physicochemical characterization, as well as conditions to enable its use as a reference standard in physiologic samples.13.
N. Cesbron A.-L. Royer Y. Guitton A. Sydor B. Le Bizec G. Dervilly-Pinel 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(8):99
Introduction
Collecting feces is easy. It offers direct outcome to endogenous and microbial metabolites.Objectives
In a context of lack of consensus about fecal sample preparation, especially in animal species, we developed a robust protocol allowing untargeted LC-HRMS fingerprinting.Methods
The conditions of extraction (quantity, preparation, solvents, dilutions) were investigated in bovine feces.Results
A rapid and simple protocol involving feces extraction with methanol (1/3, M/V) followed by centrifugation and a step filtration (10 kDa) was developed.Conclusion
The workflow generated repeatable and informative fingerprints for robust metabolome characterization.14.
Benjamin H Natelson Roxann Intriligator Neil S Cherniack Helena K Chandler Julian M Stewart 《Dynamic medicine : DM》2007,6(1):2
Context
Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and those with orthostatic intolerance share many symptoms, yet questions exist as to whether CFS patients have physiological evidence of orthostatic intolerance.Objective
To determine if some CFS patients have increased rates of orthostatic hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, or hypocapnia relative to age-matched controls.Design
Assess blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, end tidal CO2 and visual analog scales for orthostatic symptoms when supine and when standing for 8 minutes without moving legs.Setting
Referral practice and research center.Participants
60 women and 15 men with CFS and 36 women and 4 men serving as age matched controls with analyses confined to 62 patients and 35 controls showing either normal orthostatic testing or a physiological abnormal test.Main outcome measures
Orthostatic tachycardia; orthostatic hypotension; orthostatic hypertension; orthostatic hypocapnia or combinations thereof.Results
CFS patients had higher rates of abnormal tests than controls (53% vs 20%, p < .002), but rates of orthostatic tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, and orthostatic hypertension did not differ significantly between patients and controls (11.3% vs 5.7%, 6.5% vs 2.9%, 19.4% vs 11.4%, respectively). In contrast, rates of orthostatic hypocapnia were significantly higher in CFS than in controls (20.6% vs 2.9%, p < .02). This CFS group reported significantly more feelings of illness and shortness of breath than either controls or CFS patients with normal physiological tests.Conclusion
A substantial number of CFS patients have orthostatic intolerance in the form of orthostatic hypocapnia. This allows subgrouping of patients with CFS and thus reduces patient pool heterogeneity engendered by use of a clinical case definition.15.
16.
Tie-juan Shao Zhi-xing He Zhi-jun Xie Hai-chang Li Mei-jiao Wang Cheng-ping Wen 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(4):70
Introduction
The differences in fecal metabolome between ankylosing spondylitis (AS)/rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy individuals could be the reason for an autoimmune disorder.Objectives
The study explored the fecal metabolome difference between AS/RA patients and healthy controls to clarify human immune disturbance.Methods
Fecal samples from 109 individuals (healthy controls 34, AS 40, and RA 35) were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Data were analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant (OPLS-DA) analysis.Results
Significant differences in the fecal metabolic profiles could distinguish AS/RA patients from healthy controls but could not distinguish between AS and RA patients. The significantly decreased metabolites in AS/RA patients were butyrate, propionate, methionine, and hypoxanthine. Significantly increased metabolites in AS/RA patients were taurine, methanol, fumarate, and tryptophan.Conclusion
The metabolome variations in feces indicated AS and RA were two homologous diseases that could not be distinguished by 1H NMR metabolomics.17.
Purpose of Review
To understand the role of antibody detection in the diagnosis of infections caused by filamentous fungi (molds). Rapid and accurate profiling of infection-causing fungal pathogens remains a significant challenge in modern health care. Classical fungal culture and serology continue to be relevant even though over the past few decades, antigen (biomarker) assays such as ELISA and lateral flow devices have been developed and validated.Recent Findings
This article reviews the current antibody detection systems (serological tests) for the diagnosis of mold infections associated with pulmonary disease and introduces new developments. Classic and more recently developed serological techniques and their performance characteristics, including immunodiffusion, complement fixation, and ELISA.Summary
The diseases covered are allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, invasive aspergillosis, mucormycosis, diseases caused by filamentous basidiomycetes, infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei and pythiosis. Serology remains a cornerstone for fungal diagnostic testing.18.
Mao Kinoshita Koichi Akiyama Keiichi Itatani Ayahiro Yamashita Maki Ishii Atsushi Kainuma Yoshinobu Maeda Takako Miyazaki Masaaki Yamagishi Teiji Sawa 《Cardiovascular ultrasound》2017,15(1):27
Background
Staged palliative surgery markedly shifts the balance of volume load on a single ventricle and pulmonary vascular bed. Blalock-Taussig shunt necessitates a single ventricle eject blood to both the systemic and pulmonary circulation. On the contrary, bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt release the single ventricle from pulmonary circulation.Case presentation
We report a case of tricuspid atresia patient who underwent first palliative surgery and second palliative surgery. Volume loading condition was assessed by energetic parameters (energy loss, kinetic energy) intraoperatively using vector flow mapping. These energetic parameters can simply indicate the volume loading condition.Conclusion
Vector flow mapping was useful tool for monitoring volume loading condition in congenital heart disease surgery.19.
Judith Zhi-Yie Tan Stephen M Schlicht Gerard J Powell David Thomas John L Slavin Peter J Smith Peter FM Choong 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2006,3(1):38
Background
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and young adults. Despite advances in the diagnosis and management of osteosarcoma, there have been few recent studies describing the experiences of tertiary referral centres. This paper aims to describe and discuss the clinical features, pre-operative work-up, management and outcomes of these patients at St Vincent's Hospital (Melbourne, Australia).Methods
Retrospective study of fifty-nine consecutive patients managed for osteosarcoma at St Vincent's Hospital between 1995 and 2005.Results
Median age at diagnosis was 21 (range, 11–84) years. Gender distribution was similar, with thirty-one male and twenty-eight female patients.Twenty-five patients had osteosarcoma in the femur, eleven each were located in the humerus and tibia, six were identified in the pelvis, and one each in the clavicle, maxilla, fibula, sacrum, ulna and radius.Pre-operative tissue diagnosis of osteosarcoma was obtained through computed tomography-guided percutaneous biopsy in over ninety percent of patients.Following initial therapy, over fifty percent of patients remained relapse-free during the follow-up period, with twelve percent and twenty-seven percent of patients documented as having local and distant disease recurrence, respectively. Of patients with recurrent disease, sixty-two percent remained disease-free following subsequent surgical intervention (most commonly, pulmonary metastatectomy).Conclusion
Patient outcomes can be optimised through a multidisciplinary approach in a tertiary referral centre. At St Vincent's Hospital, survival and relapse rates of patients managed for osteosarcoma compare favourably with the published literature.20.