Ultrastructure de la glande de la spermathèque chez Phosphuga atrata L. (Coleoptera Silphidae)

Résumé Chez les Silphes et en particulier chez Phosphuga atrata, la glande de la spermathèque présente une structure particulière liée à la présence d'une intima cuticulaire tapissant la lumière de la glande. Elle comporte trois types cellulaires: les cellules sécrétrices, les cellules de l'épithélium sous-cuticulaire et les cellules-manchons. Les cellules sécrétrices de grande taille contiennent une invagination de la membrane cytoplasmique formant une «vacuole» extracellulaire bordée de microvillosités. Dans cette vacuole plonge l'extrémité, différenciée en ampoule poreuse, d'un canalicule de nature cuticulaire, qui véhicule la sécrétion jusqu'à la lumière de la glande. Le canalicule est élaboré par une cellule-manchon qui l'accompagne sur toute sa longueur sauf à son extrémité intravacuolaire.Ce type de glande, qui se retrouve chez de nombreux Insectes, y assurant des fonctions diverses (sécrétion odorifique, sécrétion de défense, sécrétion spermale, etc.), est susceptible de nombreuses variations.

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Ultrastructure of the spermathecal accessory gland in Phosphuga atrata L. (coleoptera: silphidae)

Summary The spermathecal accessory gland in the female of Phosphuga atrata (Silphidae), exhibits a special structure which is due to the presence of a cuticular intima lining the lumen. The wall of the gland shows three cellular types: the secretory cells, the epithelial cells and the ductule carrying cells. Each large secretory cell contains a cavity formed by an invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane and lined by many microvilli. The secretory cell is connected with a cuticular ductule ending in the cavity of the glandular cell, in a porous organelle. This ductule, which carries the secretory material to the lumen, is surrounded by the ductule carrying cell.This type of integumentary gland is very common in insects, where it assumes various functions (attraction, defense, conservation of sperm, etc.) and its morphology varies considerably.

     

Surveillance de la santé à l'école maternelle.

In contrast to the traditional program of health assessment of schoolchildren based on periodic physical examination, the program described in this paper is based on the integration of information and data obtained by observation through the school year from parents, teachers and the school nurse, who coordinates the program. The numbers and the types of problems and the date on which they were identified are compared in an experimental group of 557 kindergarten children and a matched control group of 498 children in whom the traditional program was maintained. For problems of hearing, enuresis, learning and behaviour the number of cases detected was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. Each element of the proposed program is analysed and the advantages of an integrated approach to health assessment of schoolchildren are underlined.     

Observations sur la biologie de la guêpe orientaleVespa orient alis F.

Résumé Nous avons décrit des nids d'élevage artificiels et les conditions d'élevage appropriées par lesquelles nous avons élevé des colonies deVespa orientalis. La méthode que nous avons utilisée rend possible des observations méthodiques de ce qui se passe dans la colonie, et en élevant un certain nombre de colonies, nous avons pu comparer des phénomènes différents, qui se retrouvent dans toute colonie.Au cours de nos observations, nous avons mis l'accent sur la structure sociale de la colonie pendant la saison d'activité. Nous avons décrit le comportement de la reine dans le nid, son activité, et les rapports existant entre la reine et les ouvrières.Nous avons réalisé des expériences diverses sur le transfert des reines de nid à nid, et élevé ainsi des colonies orphelines, afin de comparer le comportement de celles-ci avec les colonies en ayant une.

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Summary The Oriental Hornet is common in the whole Mediterranean Basin. In Israel, colonies of the hornet are numerous in nearly all parts of the country. The colonies are annual and their main activity occurs during the hot season. At the approach of winter, only houng fertilized queens remain; they winter in hidden secret places, emerging in the spring to establish a new colony.In order to watch what is passing in the hornets' nest, we built artificial breeding houses having one glasse wall. In the spring, we transferred small colonies of hornets into these houses, where they continued todevelop until the end of the season.Stress was put in our observations, on the social structure of the hornet colony. The mother-Queen, having laid the foundations for the colony in the spring, keeps leaving the nest to bring food and building materials from the fields until early June. From then onwards she remains in the nest, engaging chiefly in egg laying, while her daughters, the workers, collect food from the fields and perform all other duties in the nest. The queen is easily recognized by the workers, even in the darkness of the nest. They tend to approach her when she is resting on the combs and to crowd around her. Some of the workers come to her often in order to lick her body, others hit the walls with their bellies.Side by side with colonies possessing a queen, we also reared queen — less ones, which enabled us to compare the behaviour of both.A sufficiently lucid explanation of the activity of the workers in relation to the queen has not been arrived at so far, further observations being required.

     

Influence de la densité de population larvaire sur la taille des adultes,la durée de développement et la fréquence de la diapause chezPteromalus puparum L. [Hym., Chalcidien]

Summary The parasitoid waspPteromalus puparum was reared for many generations under controlled laboratory conditions: larval development in diapausing pupae ofPieris brassicae, 14 hours photoperiod, temperature of 21 °C or 25 °C. The fluctuations in the density of population appear to be the main source of variation for larval development. An increase in the number of larvae living in the same host pupa results in a decrease of adult size, a reduction of developmental time and a diminution of incidence of larval diapause. According to these results, it appears that a high population density hastens the occurrence of metamorphosis and makes it easier. It is suggested that various nervous stimulations, such as food shortage and interactions between larvae, may induce the onset of neurosecretion by the brain.