野葛花异黄酮化学成分研究

从野葛花中分离得到7个异黄酮类化合物,经理化和光谱鉴定分析为：尼泊尔鸢尾异黄酮（1）、尼泊尔鸢尾异黄酮7-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷（2）、葛花苷（3）、染料木素（4）、刺芒柄花素（5）、大豆甙元（6）和8-C-芹菜糖（1→6）-葡萄糖大豆甙（7）.     

藏药椭圆叶花锚中抗肝炎有效成分的含量测定

运用RP-HPLC建立了花锚中青兰苷、去甲氧基花锚苷和花锚苷的含量分析方法,为栽培花锚替代野生花锚入药提供一定的科学依据。花锚苷、去甲氧基花锚苷和青兰苷分别在0．68～3．40μg(r=0．9998)、0．36～1．80μg(r=0．9990)和0．80～4．00μg(r=0．9979)有良好线性关系,平均回收率分别为100．39％(RSD=2．60％)、99．79％(RSD=3．55％)和100．71％(RSD=2．19％)。栽培花锚中花锚苷和去甲氧基花锚苷的含量(抗肝炎活性成分)和在野生花锚中的含量相比无明显差别,可以初步证明栽培花锚可以替代野生花锚入药。     

基于HPLC指纹图谱结合一测多评法的葛花质量控制研究

建立葛花药材的指纹图谱,并同时建立其中10个主要黄酮类成分含量的一测多评分析方法(QAMS),用于不同产地葛花药材整体质量评价。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对不同产地葛花中主要化学成分进行分析,确定最佳色谱条件,建立指纹图谱;在此基础上,以葛花苷为参照峰,建立QAMS测定葛花10个黄酮类成分含量;并与外标法(ESM)测定结果比较,验证QAMS的准确性。建立了葛花药材指纹图谱,20批葛花和10批粉葛花药材的相似度均大于0.85,标定共有峰分别为18和27个。以葛花苷为参照峰,各个成分校正因子的重复性、耐用性均良好;应用一测多评法测定10个成分的含量,与外标法测定结果比较,含量无明显差异(P>0.05),相对偏差<3.0%。不同产地来源的葛花药材中10个成分含量均存在较大差异,说明应提高葛花药材的质量控制标准。所建立的指纹图谱结合一测多评分析方法简便、可行,可客观、有效的用于不同产地葛花药材质量评价,可以为葛花质量标准修订、优质葛花种质资源的选育和育种提供参考。     

苦杏仁对照提取物替代苦杏仁对照药材的可行性研究

目的：以对照药材技术要求为基础,以等量同质为原则,利用现代的提取制备技术,制备成质量稳定、均匀性好的苦杏仁对照提取物。通过考察不同的薄层系统,建立薄层鉴别用对照提取物的质量标准,供中药标准中薄层鉴别使用。并对其主要药效成分进行方法学考察,确保今后制备的对照提取物的一致性。方法：采用不同薄层色谱系统对苦杏仁对照提取物可替代对照药材进行定性研究;并用高效液相色谱法测定苦杏仁对照提取物中苦杏仁苷的含量。结果：在苦杏仁对照提取物薄层色谱中,展开剂：为甲苯－甲酸乙酯－甲醇－甲酸－水（6∶2∶0．4∶0．1∶0．1 ）,在与对照药材色谱相应位置上,显相同颜色的斑点。HPLC测定苦杏仁对照提取物中苦杏仁苷含量,苦杏仁苷线性范围461．7～15．39 mg／L（r＝0．9995）,平均回收率为101 ．1％（RSD＝2．15％）,该方法准确、可靠、专属性强,重复性好。结论：苦杏仁对照提取可替代对照药材进行定性鉴别。     

HPLC法测定葛花中鸢尾苷的含量

目的：测定8个产地葛花中鸢尾苷的含量,建立葛花中鸢尾苷含量测定的HPLC方法。方法：采用GRACEC18（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速为0.8mL/min,紫外检测波长为265nm;柱温为室温。结果：鸢尾苷的峰面积（Y）与浓度（X）在11.8～236.4μg/mL范围内具有良好线性关系,Y=34920X-1156.5,r=0.9995（n=7）;平均加样回收率为103.66%,RSD〈2%（n=9）;测得8批不同产地的葛花药材中鸢尾苷含量在37.00～113.1mg/g。结论：建立了高效液相色谱法测定葛花中鸢尾苷含量的方法,该法准确、可靠,可用于葛花中主要成分鸢尾苷的含量测定;不同产地葛花中均检测到鸢尾苷,但其含量有一定区别。     

野葛花醇提物中异黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性测定

以葛花苷为标准品,对野葛花醇提物的氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取物及水溶物4部分中的异黄酮含量进行测定,并采用DPPH·法对各萃取物进行自由基清除实验.结果显示,(1)氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取物及水溶物4部分的异黄酮含量分别为35.27%、53.42%、52.13%和2.34%.(2)抗氧化实验显示, 4 部分清除DPPH·的IC50值分别为252、49、197和344 μg/mL.(3)相关性分析表明,野葛花醇提物各萃取部分的抗氧化活性主要来自于其中含有的异黄酮类化合物.研究表明野葛花醇提物的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取部分异黄酮含量较高;氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取物及水溶物4部分对DPPH自由基均有一定的清除作用,其中以乙酸乙酯萃取物的效果最佳;表明异黄酮是一种天然的抗氧化剂,具有较强的抗氧化作用.     

RP-HPLC法测定美国不同产地野葛根和叶片中葛根素、大豆苷和大豆苷元含量的研究

对采自美国的8个野葛种群的异黄酮类物质进行了定量分析。结果表明,叶片中葛根素、大豆苷和大豆苷元含量分别为0.0950、0.698、0.110 mg/g,但不同产地大豆苷和大豆苷元含量存在显著差异。在整个生长季节中,3种异黄酮类物质的含量均在8月份最高。根中3种异黄酮类物质的含量分别为3.664、1.0302、0.3689 mg/g,但不同产地之间无显著差异。此外,美国种群中异黄酮类物质的含量均显著高于已报道的中国种群。本研究为充分利用国内外野葛资源,确定合理采收时间,挖掘野葛叶片的利用潜力奠定了一定的理论基础,为葛藤新药源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

葛花鸢尾苷的酸水解及其对乙醇脱氢酶激活作用的研究

本文对葛花提取物鸢尾苷经酸解法得到鸢尾苷元的水解工艺及鸢尾苷和鸢尾苷元对乙醇脱氢酶的激活作用进行了研究.结果表明,葛花鸢尾苷酸水解的最佳条件为:固液比1∶1 (mg/mL),甲醇浓度50％,反应温度80℃,反应时间5h,盐酸浓度4％,此条件下,鸢尾苷水解率可达99％以上.鸢尾苷和鸢尾苷元对乙醇脱氢酶均有一定的激活作用,其激活率分别为127.35％和132.35％.酸水解提高了葛花异黄酮类物质的生物利用率.     

薄层层析-紫外分光光度法测定十全大补胶囊中芍药苷含量

目的 建立薄层层析-紫外分光光度法测定十全大补胶囊中芍药苷含量的方法。方法 使用硅胶GF254薄层板,醋酸乙酯：甲酸：冰醋酸：水(30：2：2：4)为展开剂,在紫外光灯(254nm)下定位,230nm波长处检测。结果 点样量在25～125μg范围内呈现良好的线性关系,其回归方程为Y=0．004658C-0．01959,r=0．9994,平均回收率为99．20％,RSD=1．19％。结论 本法准确,适用于该药的质量控制。     

葛花不同工艺提取物的异黄酮成分含量比较研究

目的:以不同浓度乙醇和大孔吸附树脂法提取和纯化葛花的提取物,并用HPLC和UV进行异黄酮成分含量比较分析。方法:以不同浓度的乙醇回流提取葛花药材制备提取物,并采用大孔吸附树脂对其进行纯化;然后以HPLC法对提取物中的3种主要黄酮类成分进行定量分析,并以UV法测定其总黄酮含量。结果:葛花不同提取物的黄酮类成分含量差别较大;所建立的HPLC方法可以同时测定葛花提取物中鸢尾苷、6"-O-木糖鸢尾苷和染料木素的含量;UV法与HPLC法联合应用,可对不同葛花提取物中的异黄酮类成分进行评价。结论:不同工艺提取的葛花提取物中异黄酮类成分有较大区别,大孔吸附树脂纯化后可显著提高总黄酮的纯度;HPLC联合UV法可共同用于葛花的质量评价及提取工艺的研究。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.