从多角度分析SARS-CoV-2和SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)差异

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在全球范围内持续肆虐,感染人数与日俱增.COVID-19的病毒SARS-CoV-2与2003年发生的严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒(SARS coronavirus,SARS-CoV)同属冠状病毒.本研究就COVID-19与SARS冠状病毒的差异以及两种冠状病毒的中间宿主进行分析和探...     

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)概述

2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的新型肺炎.SARS-CoV-2具有高传染性、高致病性以及高死亡率的特...     

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒诊断标志物动态变化及检测方法的研究进展

2019-冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19)在全球范围内流行,患者出现严重急性呼吸系统疾病,传染性高于2003年暴发的严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS)。COVID-19严重影响了人类的健康,同时引起了人们的恐慌。因此,快速、精准地诊断COVID-19患者,阻断病毒快速传播至关重要,但是在COVID-19诊断中存在早期漏检和后期复阳等情况。现综述严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV)感染后各标志物的动态变化及检测意义,并将其与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2)进行比较,以期为SARS-CoV-2等冠状病毒的高效诊断提供借鉴。     

2019冠状病毒病对肺外系统的影响及可能机制探讨

2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)导致的感染性疾病。SARS-CoV-2感染人体后除作用于肺部的SARS-CoV-2功能受体外,还可以作用于心脏、消化道、肝脏、肾脏、中枢系统的SARS-CoV-2功能受体,引起肺外脏器的损伤,诱发多器官功能衰竭,增加COVID-19的病死率。但目前对SARS-CoV-2引起肺外各脏器损伤的具体作用机制还不是很清楚,需要更多临床和实验室数据支持。通过检索COVID-19相关的文献,对SARS-CoV-2导致的肺外系统影响及其可能作用机制作一综述。     

NK细胞免疫治疗防治COVID-19应用潜力的研究进展

新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19)作为一种新发型急性呼吸道传染病,目前已对全球公共卫生安全构成严重威胁。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2)感染导致COVID-19重症患者淋巴细胞减少、淋巴细胞功能障碍并引起不可控的炎症反应。由于自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell, NK细胞)在抗病毒和免疫调节中具有重要作用,以NK细胞为基础的免疫治疗可能是有效抗击COVID-19的治疗策略之一。现就已发表的SARS-CoV-2临床研究报告,整理介绍了该病毒的基本特征及COVID-19患者的主要免疫病理学状态,阐述NK细胞在抗病毒领域的潜在作用机制与研究进展,并对NK细胞防治COVID-19的免疫治疗策略及所面临的问题与挑战作一综述。     

微生态疗法抗新型冠状病毒肺炎研究进展

2019年底湖北省武汉市出现新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）疫情,传染性强,传播速度快,流行范围广,引起国内外学者高度关注。该病作为急性呼吸道传染病已纳入《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定的乙类传染病,按甲类传染病管理。WHO宣布将COVID-19疫情列为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。目前针对新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）感染的临床治疗主要以改善症状为主,尚缺少直接针对SARS-CoV-2的特效药。本文通过文献检索就COVID-19现有主要治疗方法和微生态疗法相关研究进行综述,以期为微生态辅助治疗提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒抗体和小分子抑制剂的研究现状

世界卫生组织已宣布新型冠状病毒感染（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）的爆发为全球大流行。中和抗体和小分子抑制剂在预防及治疗COVID-19中发挥重要作用。尽管已开发出了多种中和抗体以及疫苗,但是随着病原体严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)的不断变异,现有的抗体及疫苗面临巨大的挑战。小分子抑制剂主要通过干扰病毒与宿主的结合以及病毒自身的复制达到消灭病毒以及抑制病毒感染的作用,并且对SARS-CoV-2突变株具有广谱抑制作用,是当前研究的热点。近年来国内外学者对SARS-CoV-2的小分子抑制剂做了大量的研究工作,本文根据中和抗体识别的抗原表位以及小分子抑制剂的作用机制分别对用于预防及治疗COVID-19的中和抗体和小分子抑制剂进行综述,讨论其研究现状,并展望小分子抑制剂的应用前景,以期为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。     

高致病性冠状病毒感染导致宿主免疫应答异常

近二十多年，全球范围内先后爆发了由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus，SARS-CoV）、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus，MERS-CoV）和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2）3种高致病性冠状病毒导致的疫情。这3种高致病性冠状病毒感染通常伴随着免疫系统功能失调，临床表现有淋巴细胞减少症、细胞因子风暴、急性呼吸系统窘迫综合征，甚至多器官衰竭而导致死亡。揭示高致病性冠状病毒在免疫应答中的作用机制，对于预防与控制冠状病毒感染具有重要意义。本文总结了SARS-CoV、MRES-CoV和SARS-CoV-2的进入机制和受体特征、固有免疫应答和适应性免疫应答失调方面的研究进展，强调了高致病性冠状病毒与宿主免疫应答之间的复杂相互作用，以期为防治冠状病毒感染提供参考。     

基于蛋白质组学技术的新型冠状病毒肺炎研究进展

新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）是一种由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)引发的传染病。此种病毒传染性强、传播速度快,对全球人民的身体健康和生命安全造成严重威胁。蛋白质组学技术以其高通量、高灵敏度的特点,在疾病生物标志物的发现、分子机制研究及治疗靶点研究中扮演着重要角色,并被广泛应用于COVID-19的研究中。本文介绍了SARS-CoV-2的基因组结构及病毒感染过程,总结了目前常用的基于质谱的蛋白质组学研究技术,重点综述了蛋白质组学技术在COVID-19生物标志物的发现、分子机制研究和药物治疗靶标研究中的应用进展,最后展望了蛋白质组学的未来发展方向,以期能够有助于推动蛋白质组学技术在COVID-19精准诊断和治疗中的发展。     

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2变异体对全球疫情防控的影响分析

由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19，简称新冠肺炎）的出现，对国际公众健康构成了严重威胁，伴随COVID-19大流行而来的是SARS-CoV-2基因组的不断突变，尤其是受关注的变异体（variants of concern，VOCs）给全球COVID-19疫情防控带来了挑战。本文综述了SARS-CoV-2的突变情况和现阶段主要流行的VOCs的特征，总结了现有及潜在的COVID-19预防、诊断和治疗手段，并通过分析SARS-CoV-2变异体对全球COVID-19疫情防控措施的影响，提出合理的建议，以期为今后可能爆发的大范围流行病的防控提供理论依据。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.