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1.
彭欢  陈达香  陈瑜  郝文波 《病毒学报》2018,34(1):137-144
寡腺苷酸合成酶(Oligoadenylate synthetase,OAS)家族蛋白是典型的抗病毒蛋白,其家族成员寡腺苷酸合成酶1~3(OAS1~3)和寡腺苷酸合成酶样蛋白(Oligonucleotide synthase-like protein synthetase,OASL)在抗病毒天然免疫应答中发挥着重要作用。病毒感染机体后,细胞分泌的干扰素(Interferon,IFN)会诱导寡腺苷酸合成酶家族蛋白合成,其可通过核糖核酸酶L(RNase L)依赖途径和非依赖途径发挥抗病毒作用。本综述主要讨论寡腺苷酸合成酶家族蛋白的抗病毒机制与抗病毒临床应用的相关研究进展。  相似文献   

2.
王静  侯旭  孙新华 《生物磁学》2011,(17):3390-3392
CpG ODN(CpG oligodeoxynucleotides)是一类可模拟细菌DNA免疫活性效应的寡脱氧核苷酸,其生物学功能受自身结构特征影响。特定序列的CpG ODN可通过与破骨细胞前体、前破骨细胞、成骨细胞表面的TLR9结合,调节RANKL、M-CSF、TNF-α、IL-12、TREM-2等细胞因子的表达水平,促进或抑制破骨细胞的形成与分化。本文就CpG ODN对破骨细胞(osteoclast,OC)分化调控作用的研究进展加以综述。  相似文献   

3.
CpG ODN(CpG oligodeoxynucleotides)是一类可模拟细菌DNA免疫活性效应的寡脱氧核苷酸,其生物学功能受自身结构特征影响。特定序列的CpG ODN可通过与破骨细胞前体、前破骨细胞、成骨细胞表面的TLR9结合,调节RANKL、M-CSF、TNF-a、IL-12、TREM-2等细胞因子的表达水平,促进或抑制破骨细胞的形成与分化。本文就CpG ODN对破骨细胞(osteoclast,OC)分化调控作用的研究进展加以综述。  相似文献   

4.
DNA于哺乳动物细胞质中的存在是一个危险信号,提示机体内微生物感染的存在。近五年来的研究显示,细胞质DNA的传导机制是免疫系统产生免疫应答的分子基础。迄今为止已报道多种DNA传感器,其中STING是一个关键的衔接蛋白,参与大部分DNA信号传导途径。最近,c GAS-c GAMP第二信使通路、IFI16及其他传感器的发现为解析胞质DNA识别的分子机制提供了新见解。这些重要的发现有助于了解宿主防御系统,提高疫苗免疫原性,为感染性疾病的预防与治疗提供新思路。  相似文献   

5.
目的:探讨人甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)细胞中TLR4信号通路对Foxp3表达的调控作用。方法:以人甲状腺乳头状癌K1细胞株为实验材料,选用脂多糖(LPS)作为配体来激活TLR4信号通路,采用RT-PCR方法检测LPS在不同浓度(0,5,10,20,40μg/mL)和不同时间点(12,24,36,48 h)Foxp3的mRNA表达量,流式细胞术检测相应浓度和时间点的Foxp3蛋白和TLR4蛋白表达量的变化;加入LPS抑制剂多粘菌素B(PMB)后Foxp3和mRNA和蛋白的表达量分别利用RT-PCR和流式细胞术检测。结果:10μg/mL的LPS可以显著上调PTC细胞中Foxp3 mRNA和蛋白的表达量(P0.05),在第24小时达到最佳;LPS作用下,TLR4表达量上调;PMB阻断TLR4信号通路后,Foxp3蛋白表达量较未阻断组显著降低(P0.05)。结论:在甲状腺乳头状癌K1细胞株中,TLR4作为上游信号调控因子,通过自身表达量改变,进而参与调控Foxp3的表达。  相似文献   

6.
维甲酸诱导基因I样受体家族(retinoid acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors, RLRs)信号通路作为众多抗感染免疫信号通路之一,在诱导促炎细胞因子、趋化因子和I型干扰素产生等方面发挥重要的调控作用。作为蛋白质翻译后修饰之一的泛素化(ubiquitination),是由泛素蛋白(ubiquitin)与目标蛋白上不同的氨基酸位点产生结合来调控蛋白的命运,如启动蛋白酶体途径降解蛋白或激活转运等功能。而RLRs信号通路分子的泛素化修饰既是调控多种效应因子的方式之一,也是病毒经此诱发动物重要疾病以及自身免疫病、慢性炎症的经典路径之一。本文主要综述RLRs信号通路中重要的效应器分子的典型结构特征、泛素化修饰类型和功能,探讨泛素化修饰调控RLRs信号通路关键分子的作用,为相关疾病的干预或治疗提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
热量限制(caloric restriction,CR)在很多物种中能够改善健康和延缓衰老,近年来的许多研究发现,热量限制可以减少多种与年龄相关性疾病的发生,但至今热量限制延缓衰老的机制尚未十分清楚.最近有研究表明,热量限制延缓衰老的机制可能与营养调控、生殖滞育等过程有密切的关系,SIRT1、PGC-1α、AMPK、TOR等信号因子也因其在热量限制和营养调控延缓衰老的机制研究中的重要作用而受到极大的关注.  相似文献   

8.
Mitochondria are cellular organelles involved in host-cell metabolic processes and the control of programmed cell death. A direct link between mitochondria and innate immune signalling was first highlighted with the identification of MAVS-a crucial adaptor for RIGI-like receptor signalling-as a mitochondria-anchored protein. Recently, other innate immune molecules, such as NLRX1, TRAF6, NLRP3 and IRGM have been functionally associated with mitochondria. Furthermore, mitochondrial alarmins-such as mitochondrial DNA and formyl peptides-can be released by damaged mitochondria and trigger inflammation. Therefore, mitochondria emerge as a fundamental hub for innate immune signalling.  相似文献   

9.
线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白(MAVS)作为一种接头蛋白在调节宿主天然免疫信号通路过程中扮演重要角色.Toll样受体(TLR)和RIG-Ⅰ样受体(RLR)等细胞模式识别受体识别入侵的病原体并将信号传递给MAVS,MAVS通过刺激下游的TBK1复合体和IKK复合体分别活化NF-κB和IRF3等信号通路,进而激活干扰素α/β表达,诱发细胞内抗感染天然免疫反应.MAVS除定位线粒体外,也可定位于过氧化物酶体上.MAVS在细胞内的不同定位决定了其在早期快速和持续性抗病毒天然免疫中的不同调节机制.MAVS只有同时定位在过氧化物酶体和线粒体上才可诱导干扰素刺激基因(ISG)快速且稳定地表达.本文通过对MAVS的发现、结构、细胞定位及其在天然免疫信号通路中的调控机制等最新进展进行综述,以期揭示MAVS蛋白在细胞内天然免疫信号通路中的重要调节作用,为研究病毒逃逸宿主天然免疫的机制和研究新型抗病毒免疫治疗策略提供新思路.  相似文献   

10.
    
Mitochondrion is known as the energy factory of the cell, which is also a unique mammalian organelle and considered to be evolved from aerobic prokaryotes more than a billion years ago. Mitochondrial DNA, similar to that of its bacterial ancestor’s, consists of a circular loop and contains significant number of unmethylated DNA as CpG islands. The innate immune system plays an important role in the mammalian immune response. Recent research has demonstrated that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) activates several innate immune pathways involving TLR9, NLRP3 and STING signaling, which contributes to the signaling platforms and results in effector responses. In addition to facilitating antibacterial immunity and regulating antiviral signaling, mounting evidence suggests that mtDNA contributes to inflammatory diseases following cellular damage and stress. Therefore, in addition to its well-appreciated roles in cellular metabolism and energy production, mtDNA appears to function as a key member in the innate immune system. Here, we highlight the emerging roles of mtDNA in innate immunity.  相似文献   

11.
何慧芬  张璐  秦爱建  钱琨 《微生物学通报》2022,49(12):5331-5341
cGAS-STING信号通路是一种细胞内DNA感受器,可以识别自身病变或外部进入细胞质中的双链DNA。其不仅与肿瘤、病毒和细菌感染及自身免疫系统疾病密切相关,而且在非特异性免疫系统中发挥重要作用。截至目前,国内外对于cGAS-STING信号通路的研究主要集中在哺乳动物肿瘤相关性疾病及与先天性免疫系统相关的疾病中,而通路对畜禽疾病调控的影响机制非常重要。本文以cGAS-STING信号通路在宿主受到病原感染中发挥的作用为切入点,对其在不同畜禽病原感染中的调控作用进行综合论述,以期为畜禽疾病的防控提供理论依据和参考。  相似文献   

12.
13.
The balance between the innate immunity of the host and the ability of a pathogen to evade it strongly influences pathogenesis and virulence. The two nonstructural (NS) proteins, NS1 and NS2, of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are critically required for RSV virulence. Together, they strongly suppress the type I interferon (IFN)-mediated innate immunity of the host cells by degrading or inhibiting multiple cellular factors required for either IFN induction or response pathways, including RIG-I, IRF3, IRF7, TBK1 and STAT2. Here, we provide evidence for the existence of a large and heterogeneous degradative complex assembled by the NS proteins, which we named “NS-degradasome” (NSD). The NSD is roughly ∼300-750 kD in size, and its degradative activity was enhanced by the addition of purified mitochondria in vitro. Inside the cell, the majority of the NS proteins and the substrates of the NSD translocated to the mitochondria upon RSV infection. Genetic and pharmacological evidence shows that optimal suppression of innate immunity requires mitochondrial MAVS and mitochondrial motility. Together, we propose a novel paradigm in which the mitochondria, known to be important for the innate immune activation of the host, are also important for viral suppression of the innate immunity.  相似文献   

14.
    
As part of our first line of defense against invading organisms, Toll-like receptors recognize bacterial and viral molecules, and launch an inflammatory response.  相似文献   

15.
The intracellular chaperone heat‐shock protein 70 (Hsp70) can be secreted from cells, but its extracellular role is unclear, as the protein has been reported to both activate and suppress the innate immune response. Potential immunomodulatory receptors on myelomonocytic lineage cells that bind extracellular Hsp70 are not well defined. Siglecs are Ig‐superfamily lectins on mammalian leukocytes that recognize sialic acid‐bearing glycans and thereby modulate immune responses. Siglec‐5 and Siglec‐14, expressed on monocytes and neutrophils, share identical ligand‐binding domains but have opposing signaling functions. Based on phylogenetic analyses of these receptors, we predicted that endogenous sialic acid‐independent ligands should exist. An unbiased screen revealed Hsp70 as a ligand for Siglec‐5 and Siglec‐14. Hsp70 stimulation through Siglec‐5 delivers an anti‐inflammatory signal, while stimulation through Siglec‐14 is pro‐inflammatory. The functional consequences of this interaction are also addressed in relation to a SIGLEC14 polymorphism found in humans. Our results demonstrate that an endogenous non‐sialic acid‐bearing molecule can be either a danger‐associated or self‐associated signal through paired Siglecs, and may explain seemingly contradictory prior reports on extracellular Hsp70 action.  相似文献   

16.
模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptor,PRR)在先天免疫系统中起着至关重要的作用,是重要的宿主传感器,可识别入侵病原体所显示的病原体相关分子模式(pathogen-associated molecular pattern,PAMP)。PAMP是独立的免疫调节剂,且具有多种生化成分和特殊结构,逐渐被认为是许多现代疫苗的关键成分。Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)3激动剂是一种合成的双链RNA(double-stranded RNA,dsRNA),能够以与病毒感染相似的模式激活宿主免疫防御的多种通路。当与抗原适当混合时,TLR3激动剂可以用作PAMP-佐剂,以调节和优化抗原特异性免疫应答。基于此,主要讨论了TLR3及其激动剂的作用机制以及TLR3激动剂在疫苗佐剂中的应用进展,以期为动物疫苗的研究提供新的思路。  相似文献   

17.
    
Bernard Collins  Ian A. Wilson 《Proteins》2014,82(10):2874-2878
Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors that function in innate immunity. Elucidating the structure and signaling mechanisms of TLR9, a sensor of foreign and endogenous DNA, is essential for understanding its key role in immunity against microbial pathogens as well as in autoimmunity. Abundant evidence suggests that the TLR9‐CTD (C‐terminal domain) by itself is capable of DNA binding and signaling. The crystal structure of unliganded mouse TLR9‐CTD is presented. TLR9‐CTD exhibits one unique feature, a cluster of stacked aromatic and arginine side chains on its concave face. Overall, its structure is most related to the TLR8‐CTD, suggesting a similar mode of ligand binding and signaling. Proteins 2014; 82:2874–2878. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

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