PTD融和蛋白的原核表达及其抗体制备

目的:为制备凋亡素重组蛋白抗体,首先获得凋亡素重组蛋白融合基因LTA,而且通过原核表达系统表达重组蛋白并制备其抗体,为进一步利用凋亡素重组蛋白导向治疗肿瘤的检测奠定基础.方法:应用重叠延伸的基因融合技术将LHRH(黄体生成激素释放激素)基因、TAT(HIV-1反式转录激活因子)基因和凋亡素基因重组,构建成凋亡素重组蛋白原核表达载体pET-28a-LTA,随后将表达质粒转入BL21菌株,经IPTG诱导表达重组融合蛋白,将已表达的重组蛋白通过Ni-NTA亲和色谱柱进行纯化,并制备LTA凋亡素重组蛋白抗体.结果:表达产物经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,LTA蛋白融合基因获得高效表达,凝胶薄层扫描分析表明表达蛋白占菌体蛋白12.6%.LTA蛋白经Ni-NTA亲和色谱柱柱纯化,以纯化蛋白为抗原免疫獭兔制备凋亡素重组蛋白抗血清.结果表明抗体的效价为1: 12800.结论:应用重叠延伸的基因融合技术获得凋亡素重组蛋白融合基因LTA,通过原核表达系统表达重组蛋白并制备其抗体.     

大肠杆菌中融合表达人β防御素-3基因的研究

目的 为了在大肠杆菌中融合表达人β防御素-3基因。方法 根据大肠杆菌对精氨酸密码子使用的偏爱性,设计搭桥引物,并通过PCR扩增法合成了人β防御素的全基因序列,克隆进pGEX-4T-2中构建pGEX-4T-2-hBD-3融合表达载体。将表达载体转化E.coli宿主菌DH5α,进行IPTG诱导表达。将菌体反复冻溶使细胞膜穿孔,释放可溶性蛋白。融合蛋白GST-hBD-3经凝血酶切割。结果 研究得到了重组人防御素蛋白,琼脂孔穴扩散抑菌法检测表明,重组人β防御素3对金黄色葡萄球菌有抗菌活性,抑菌效价为0.843 U。结论 人β防御素-3基因在大肠杆菌中得到了融合表达。     

PTD融合蛋白的原核表达及其抗体制备

目的：为制备凋亡素重组蛋白抗体,首先获得凋亡素重组蛋白融合基因LTA,而且通过原恢表达系统表达重组蛋白并制备其抗体,为进一步利用凋亡素重组蛋白导向治疗肿瘤的检测奠定基础。方法：应用重叠延伸的基因融合技术将LHRH（黄体生成激素释放激素）基因、TAT（HW—1反式转录激活因子）基因和凋亡素基因重组,构建成凋亡素重组蛋白原核表达载体pET-28α～LTA,随后将表达质粒转入BL21菌株,经IPTG诱导表达重组融合蛋白,将已表达的重组蛋白通过Ni—NTA亲和色谱柱进行纯化,并制备LTA凋亡素重组蛋白抗体。结果：表达产物经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测．LTA蛋白融合基因获得高效表达,凝胶薄层扫描分析表明表达蛋白占菌体蛋白12．6％。LTA蛋白经Ni—NTA亲和色谱柱柱纯化,以纯化蛋白为抗原免疫獭兔制备凋亡素重组蛋白抗血清。结果表明抗体的效价为1：12800。结论：应用重叠延伸的基因融合技术获得凋亡素重组蛋白融合基因LTA,通过原核表达系统表达重组蛋白并制备其抗体。     

家蝇防御素在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化与抗体制备

家蝇防御素是从家蝇中克隆得到的1种抗菌肽。为了进一步研究家蝇防御素的功能和制备特异性抗体,采用大肠杆菌表达外源蛋白的方法, 进行了家蝇防御素原核表达的研究。根据克隆到的家蝇防御素基因(Mdde) 的cDNA序列, 设计特异性引物, PCR 扩增成熟肽的cDNA片段, 将成熟肽序列重组到表达载体pGEX 4T 1中, 构建m Mdde/pGEX 4T 1重组表达载体, 在大肠杆菌BL21 中诱导表达, 重组表达的融合蛋白GST Mdde占菌体总蛋白的33 4%。纯化得到GST Mdde后, 再用凝血酶将其从特定位点切开, 得到表达的m Mdde。液体抑菌实验结果初步表明, 表达的融合蛋白GST Mdde对细菌生长有一定的抑制作用。利用纯化的GST Mdde融合蛋白, 制备了抗血清。     

鸽β-防御素5基因克隆及其抗菌活性

从鸽的骨髓和肝组织中扩增到2个禽β-防御素(AvBD)基因,在大肠杆菌中高效表达,检测其重组蛋白的抗菌活性。应用RT-PCR方法从鸽的骨髓和肝脏组织中扩增AvBD5基因,根据已发现的禽β-防御素和部分哺乳类动物β-防御素-5的氨基酸序列构建系统进化树,将该基因克隆到大肠杆菌原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1上进行原核表达,对该重组蛋白进行纯化,测定体外抗菌活性与理化特性。测序得到这2个基因的cDNA大小均为201 bp,编码66个氨基酸残基,内含6个位置保守的半胱氨酸残基。经遗传进化分析发现,该基因推导的两组氨基酸序列与鸭AvBD5的同源性最高,分别为87.9%和78.8%,这两组氨基酸序列的同源性为83.3%。因此,将其分别命名为鸽AvBD5α(骨髓)和鸽AvBD5β(肝脏)。进一步将这两个基因分别亚克隆到大肠杆菌pGEX-6p-1载体中进行原核表达。两个重组融合蛋白经纯化后,通过菌落计数法测定其体外抗菌活性,盐离子浓度对其抗菌活性的影响,及其融合蛋白的溶血活性。结果表明,重组鸽AvBD 5α、AvBD 5β融合蛋白的分子量约为32 kDa。具有明显的抗菌活性,对12种细菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,高盐浓度对其抗菌活性显著影响。此外,这两个重组蛋白对红细胞无显著溶血活性。     

小鼠附睾分泌的防御素Defb48的原核表达及纯化

目的:获取小鼠附睾分泌的防御素Defb48的基因并原核表达、纯化,为研究其功能奠定基础。方法:提取小鼠附睾组织的总RNA,用RT-PCR技术扩增出不含信号肽的Defb48编码序列,将2段Defb48编码序列串联克隆至原核表达载体pET28(a)中,经酶切和测序鉴定正确的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3),IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白;用镍柱进行重组蛋白的纯化,然后进行SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析鉴定。结果:获得实验所需小鼠附睾分泌的防御素Defb48的基因序列,测序结果与已发表的基因序列一致;在大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中表达了His-Defb48融合蛋白,经Western印迹分析,在相对分子质量18 000处有特异的蛋白条带,镍柱纯化后获得纯度较好的融合蛋白。结论:克隆了小鼠附睾分泌的防御素Defb48基因,并在大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中表达纯化出融合蛋白,为制备其多克隆抗体,进而进一步研究Defb48的功能奠定了基础。     

脂联素及其球状区在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达

目的:克隆表达有生物学活性的脂联素及其球状区蛋白,并制备抗体。方法:以pQE30-adiponectin质粒为模板,PCR扩增脂联素及其球状区蛋白基因片段,插入pGEX-4T-2载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21后获得表达,用GSTrap柱亲和纯化可溶性表达的蛋白。用纯化的蛋白免疫家兔制备多抗,Westernblot鉴定抗体与人血清中脂联素的反应性。结果:PCR扩增脂联素基因片段长约710bp,脂联素球状区基因片段长约430bp。表达的GST-脂联素融合蛋白表观Mr约51000,GST-脂联素球状区融合蛋白表观Mr约42000,纯化后纯度高于90%。免疫产生的抗体与人血清中的脂联素能特异性结合。结论:表达获得的脂联素蛋白和制备的抗体为脂联素的检测及对其功能的研究奠定了基础。     

人β防御素3在大肠杆菌中可溶性表达及其生物活性的鉴定

根据大肠杆菌对精氨酸密码子使用的偏好,设计引物并通过酶促法合成了人β防御素3(hBD-3)全基因序列,克隆进pGEX-4T-2中构建pGEX-4T-2-hBD-3融合表达载体．将表达载体转化Ecoli宿主菌DH5α,进行IPTG诱导表达．控制诱导条件,提高可溶性蛋白的表达量．将菌体进行反复冻溶使细胞膜穿孔,释放可溶性蛋白．融合蛋白GST-hBD-3经凝血酶切割得到重组人防御素蛋白．用琼脂孔穴扩散抑菌法检测表明,重组人β防御素3对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌活性．     

EH-L-Fc在CHO细胞中的表达、纯化及活性分析

目的:为延长重组新蛭素(EH)的半衰期,制备通过连接肽连接的重组新蛭素与IgG1Fc的融合蛋白EH-LFc,并对其进行功能分析。方法:采用重叠PCR技术构建Eh-L-Fc融合基因,克隆至表达载体pcDNA3.1,用脂质体将重组表达载体转染至中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)中,G418抗性筛选稳定克隆株;Western印迹检测培养上清中EH-LFc蛋白的表达,用有限稀释法对G418抗性筛选出的混合克隆单克隆化,通过Protein A亲和层析柱纯化融合蛋白,Lowry法检测蛋白浓度,SDS-PAGE、HPLC法检测目的蛋白纯度,质谱法分析相对分子质量,凝血因子Ⅹa裂解融合蛋白后采用纤维蛋白凝块法测定其抗凝活性。结果:构建了重组表达载体pcDNA3.1-Eh-L-Fc,并获得稳定表达EHL-Fc的细胞株。表达产物的相对分子质量为72 168,HPLC检测亲和层析获得的EH-L-Fc纯度达93.9%。完整的EH-L-Fc无抗凝活性,经凝血因子Ⅹa裂解后其抗凝比活性为96.6 ATU/mg。结论:获得稳定表达EH-L-Fc的CHO细胞株和较高纯度的重组融合蛋白,且该重组融合蛋白经凝血因子Ⅹa裂解后可释放抗凝活性。EH-L-Fc融合蛋白的获得为研究新蛭素的长效剂型奠定了重要基础。     

融合基因Mdc-hly的构建及原核表达

构建家蝇天蚕素-人溶菌酶(Mdc-hly)融合基因,实现Mdc-hly基因在大肠杆菌中的表达。通过RT-PCR分别扩增出家蝇天蚕素和人溶菌酶的成熟肽基因序列,再利用Gene-SOEing技术构建融合基因,将融合基因克隆至pET32a表达载体,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导得到高效表达,融合蛋白分子量约为38kD。Western blotting杂交证实了表达蛋白的抗原活性。成功构建了融合其因并进行了原核表达,为进一步的生物活性研究打下基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.