油菜烯醇酶基因的克隆与分析(英文)

烯醇酶(enolase)是糖酵解途径中的一个重要酶类,它能够催化磷酸甘油酸酯(2-PGA)生成磷酸烯醇丙酮酸酯(PEP)。我们通过RACE-PCR方法从油菜(Brassica napus L. )中克隆到了编码烯醇酶的全长基因。序列分析表明该基因全长cDNA为1624bp,拥有一个由444个氨基酸组成的开放读码框,所编码的蛋白质分子量为47.38kD,等电点为5.78。比较发现,油菜烯醇酶与已分离出的其他烯醇酶氨基酸序列有较高的同源性。Southern杂交结果显示烯醇酶以低拷贝形式在油菜基因组中存在。RT-PCR和Northern分析表明烯醇酶基因在100mmol/L盐浓度胁迫条件下表达量上升,而在低温诱导时表达量下降。该研究表明所克隆基因是植物烯醇酶基因家族的新成员。     

观赏凤梨烯醇酶基因的克隆及分析

烯醇酶催化着糖酵解途径中的唯一一步脱水反应,与植物的抗逆性有着密切的联系.基于前期从擎天凤梨全长cDNA文库中获得的烯醇酶基因的EST单克隆,进行引物步移测序,获得其全长cDNA序列.序列长1 703bp,编码445个氨基酸残基,命名为GoEnolase1(GenBank登录号JN896863),蛋白质理论分子质量为47.9kD,等电点为5.7,包含1个TIM磷酸结合超家族保守区,二级结构主要由α螺旋(44.49%)、随机卷曲(33.71%)、延伸链(13.71%)和β转角(8.09%)组成.系统进化树分析表明,GoEnolase1蛋白与水稻、玉米、油棕等的烯醇酶蛋白聚为一类,它们的亲缘关系最近.     

青霉素酰化酶基因的克隆与表达I．青霉素酰化酶基因的克隆

用EcoR I—Pst I双酶解的pBR322作为克隆载体,从大肠杆菌D816染色体克隆了青霉素酰化酶基因,这个基陶位于9．1Kb EcoRI片段上。所得克隆株整体细胞酶学特性与大肠杆菌D816一致,酶反应最适温度为55℃,最适pH为7．8—8．0。以青霉素G作为底物时Km为10．3mM,转化产物为6一氨基青霉烷酸。克隆株大肠杆菌c600(pPAl)合成青霉索酰化酶仍需苯乙酸诱导并被葡萄糖阻遏,细胞青霉素酰化酶的活性比大肠杆菌c P1(高2—4倍。     

甘蓝型油菜赤霉素受体基因的克隆与表达

采用同源克隆技术从甘蓝型油菜中克隆到1个赤霉素受体基因,命名为BnGID1B(GenBank登录号为HQ589349).该基因含有1个内含子和2个外显子,其cDNA序列全长1 077 bp,编码358个氨基酸,推测蛋白质的相对分子量是40 203.4 Da,理论等电点为6.26.序列比对结果显示,BnGID1B基因与拟南芥GID1B基因核苷酸序列的相似性为86.3%,氨基酸序列的相似性为91.64%.实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,BnGID1B基因在苗期不同组织以及不同激素处理下的表达量有所不同,主要在根中表达,下胚轴中的表达量明显低于根,可见该基因具有一定程度的组织表达特异性.     

甘蓝型油菜PGK基因的克隆与表达分析

为研究甘蓝型油菜磷酸甘油酸激酶(PGK)基因表达特性,在对拟南芥PGK基因家族生物信息学分析的基础上,通过电子克隆方法获得3个甘蓝型油菜PGK基因(BnPGK1、BnPGK2、BnPGK3)。分别设计特异引物,以甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系09A和保持系09B的cDNA为模板克隆BnPGK基因全长序列。根据获得的cDNA序列设计实时荧光定量特异引物,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,研究油菜雄性不育系与保持系PGK基因表达差异。结果显示:BnPGK基因在甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系09A和保持系09B的根、茎、叶、花蕾中均有表达,属组成性表达。除茎中的BnPGK3外,BnPGK其它基因在根、茎、叶中的表达均表现为09A高于09B,而在花蕾中均为09B高于09A,BnPGK1和BnPGK3在09B中的表达量是09A中的2倍以上。     

荠菜LOS2基因的克隆与分析

利用RACE-PCR方法从荠菜(Capsella bursa-pastoris)中克隆到了新的LOS2全长基因(Cblos2)。序列分析表明,该基因的全长cDNA为1694bp,拥有一个由444个氨基酸组成的开放读码框,预测的CbLOS2蛋白包括一个烯醇酶N-端结构域、烯醇酶结构域以及与拟南芥的LOS2高度保守的DNA结合域和基因功能抑制域。生物信息学分析表明,Cblos2与LOS2极为相似。冷胁迫适应实验表明,Cblos2基因在荠菜中组成性表达,且其表达与胁迫适应过程密切相关。该研究表明Cblos2是具双重功能的植物烯醇酶基因家族的新成员。     

油菜叶绿体核糖体蛋白基因rps7的克隆和序列分析

从甘蓝型油菜（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａ ｎａｐｕｓ ｃｖ．Ｈ１６５）叶绿体基因组克隆得到了编码核糖体蛋白的基因ｒｐｓ７。经序列分析得知，该基因编码区包含个核苷酸，编码一个分子量为２０ １０９ Ｄ、由１５５个氨基酸组成的蛋质。该基因的核苷酸和编码的氨基酸序列与烟草对应基因的同源性皆高达９７％；而与水稻对应基因的同源性为９０％和８４％。该基因不含内含子，没有典型的ＳＤ序列，但在５’端－２５～－２２位发现一个与     

花生白藜芦醇合酶基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

利用Protparam、iPSORT prediction、ProtScale、SOPMA、Swiss-Modeling和Scan Prosite等生物信息学工具分别对其理化性质、信号肽、疏水性、亲水性、二级结构和三级结构进行分析。以花生粤油45总DNA和总RNA为模板,采用PCR和RT-PCR技术克隆花生白藜芦醇合酶基因的DNA和cDNA序列,并利用SWISS-PROT、DNAMAN等生物信息学工具对其基因和蛋白质序列进行了分析。测序结果显示,该基因的DNA和cDNA序列长度分别为1 498 bp和1 251 bp,cDNA序列具有完整的开放性阅读框,编码389个氨基酸的多肽。该白藜芦醇合酶氨基酸368-378位点上存在芪合酶家族的特征位点GVLFGFGPGLT。同源性分析表明,其碱基序列与已报道的花生白藜芦醇合酶基因的一致性为99%,其氨基酸序列与已报道的花生白藜芦醇合酶氨基酸序列的一致性为100%。     

烟夜蛾几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达

运用RT-PCR技术扩增编码烟夜蛾Helicoverpaassulta(Guen啨e)幼虫几丁质酶基因的cDNA片段,将其克隆至pMD18-T载体,获得该基因的成熟蛋白阅读框序列。将该基因重组到表达型质粒pGEX-4T-2中,并转化入原核细胞中表达,序列测定结果表明,烟夜蛾幼虫几丁质酶基因的成熟蛋白阅读框全长1338bp,编码445个氨基酸残基,预测分子量和等电点分别为50.1kDa和9.26;推导的氨基酸序列与其近缘种棉铃虫几丁质酶氨基酸序列的一致性达99%,与其他6种昆虫几丁质酶的氨基酸序列也高度一致(65%~76%),并具有几丁质酶的典型特征。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2上并转化BL21,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析表明,经IPTG诱导,76kDa附近没有特异蛋白条带出现,表明烟夜蛾几丁质酶基因不能在原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2中表达。     

Oilseed Rape Transformation and the Establishment of a Bromoxynil Resistant Transgenic Oilseed Rape

Using hypocotyls and cotyledons as transformed materials, an efficient transformation system of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was established. Bxn gene (bromoxynil-resistant gene)was introduced into these plants, and bromoxynil-resistant transgenic oilseed rape was obtained. Themolecular monitoring experiments showed that these transgenic plants contained bxn gene. The herbicide experiments showed that these transgenic plants had resistance to 10-3 moL/Lbromoxynil.     

不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜品种细胞壁中硼的分配

应用不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜品种 ,研究硼在细胞壁中的分配。硼主要结合在细胞壁中 ,缺硼显著提高硼在细胞壁中的分配比例。根系细胞壁硼含量显著低于叶片 ,但根系细胞壁硼占根系总硼量之比例显著高于叶片。同一品种根系及其细胞壁、老叶细胞壁硼含量受生育期影响较小 ,新叶及其细胞壁、老叶硼含量受生育期影响较大。在正常供硼条件下 ,硼高效品种根系细胞壁和叶片细胞壁硼含量均低于低效品种 ;正常和缺硼条件下 ,硼高效品种细胞壁硼占器官总硼量之比例均低于低效品种。说明硼低效品种需较多的硼构建细胞壁。     

蛋白质组学研究揭示的甘蓝型油菜非生物胁迫应答机制

油菜(Brassica napus L.)是我国的主要油料作物之一,在生长发育过程中经常受到干旱、高温、高盐和营养缺乏等非生物胁迫。这些胁迫通常会阻碍油菜的生长发育,导致品质和产量下降。近年来,快速发展的高通量蛋白质组学技术为揭示油菜胁迫响应分子机制提供了新线索。本文综合分析了油菜不同组织/器官(如:叶片、根、下胚轴和种子)在响应盐、高温、干旱、草酸和缺素(磷、硫和硼)等逆境过程中675种蛋白质的丰度变化特征,揭示了其胁迫应答机制,主要包括:(1)通过G蛋白介导的信号通路感知与传递胁迫信号;(2)通过改变参与糖类与能量代谢相关酶的丰度调节代谢水平;(3)通过叶绿素合成的变化调节光合作用;(4)调节转录因子、蛋白质合成与命运相关蛋白质的丰度,从而在转录、翻译以及翻译后修饰等水平上应答逆境;(5)通过调节膜联蛋白、V型H+-ATP酶等质膜蛋白质,促进细胞内物质吸收与转运;(6)通过细胞骨架动态重塑保持正常细胞结构;(7)利用调节抗氧化酶系统清除活性氧,并通过合成多种防御物质减轻细胞受到的伤害。本综述为解析油菜逆境应答网络体系中的关键调控及代谢通路的变化提供了重要信息。     

Barriers to gene flow from oilseed rape (Brassica napus) into populations of Sinapis arvensis

One concern over growing herbicide-tolerant crops is that herbicide-tolerance genes may be transferred into the weeds they are designed to control. Brassica napus (oilseed rape) has a number of wild relatives that cause weed problems and the most widespread of these is Sinapis arvensis (charlock). Sinapis arvensis seed was collected from 102 populations across the UK, within and outside B. napus-growing areas. These populations were tested for sexual compatibility with B. napus and it was found that none of them hybridized readily in the glasshouse. In contrast to previous studies, we have found that hybrids can be formed naturally with S. arvensis as the maternal parent. Six diverse B. napus cultivars (Capricorn, Drakkar, Falcon, Galaxy, Hobson and Regent) were tested for their compatibility with S. arvensis but no cultivar hybridized readily in the glasshouse. We were unable to detect gene transfer from B. napus to S. arvensis in the field, confirming the extremely low probability of hybridization predicted from the glasshouse work.     

甘蓝型油菜TT1基因反义植物表达载体的构建

拟南芥TT1(transparenttesta1)基因编码一个WIP类型锌指蛋白转录因子,调控内种皮发育和原花青素在内种皮的积累。本研究通过PCR扩增了甘蓝型油菜(Brassicanapus)TT1基因家族(BnTT1)的一段特异保守片段TT1A,并将其亚克隆到中间载体pCambia2301G中,构建了TT1反义植物表达载体pCambia2301G-TT1A,通过PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定和DNA测序证实载体构建成功,并转化到根癌农杆菌LBA4404菌株中形成工程菌株。此表达载体的构建为进一步研究TT1基因在甘蓝型油菜种皮色素合成途径中的分子生物学机理和利用反义TT1基因遗传转化获得转基因新型黄籽油菜奠定了基础。     

Pathways of infection of Brassica napus roots by Leptosphaeria maculans

Infection of Brassica napus cotyledons and leaves by germinating ascospores of Leptosphaeria maculans leads to production of leaf lesions followed by stem cankers (blackleg). Leptosphaeria maculans also causes root rot but the pathway of infection has not been described. An L. maculans isolate expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was applied to the petiole of B. napus plants. Hyphal growth was followed by fluorescence microscopy and by culturing of sections of plant tissue on growth media. Leptosphaeria maculans grew within stem and hypocotyl tissue during the vegetative stages of plant growth, and proliferated into the roots within xylem vessels at the onset of flowering. Hyphae grew in all tissues in the stem and hypocotyl, but were restricted mainly to xylem tissue in the root. Leptosphaeria maculans also infected intact roots when inoculum was applied directly to them and hyphae entered at sites of lateral root emergence. Hyphal entry may occur at other sites but the mechanism is uncertain as penetration structures were not observed. Infection of B. napus roots by L. maculans can occur via above- and below-ground sources of inoculum, but the relative importance of the infection pathways under field conditions is unknown.     

Enhanced Cd extraction of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) by plant growth-promoting bacteria isolated from Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance

Four plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) were used as study materials, among them two heavy metal-tolerant rhizosphere strains SrN1 (Arthrobacter sp.) and SrN9 (Bacillus altitudinis) were isolated from rhizosphere soil, while two endophytic strains SaN1 (Bacillus megaterium) and SaMR12 (Sphingomonas) were identified from roots of the cadmium (Cd)/zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance. A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of these PGPB on plant growth and Cd accumulation of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) plants grown on aged Cd-spiked soil. The results showed that the four PGPB significantly boosted oilseed rape shoot biomass production, improved soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value, enhanced Cd uptake of plant and Cd translocation to the leaves. By fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and green fluorescent protein (GFP), we demonstrated the studied S. alfredii endophytic bacterium SaMR12 were able to colonize successfully in the B. napus roots. However, all four PGPB could increase seed Cd accumulation. Due to its potential to enhance Cd uptake by the plant and to restrict Cd accumulation in the seeds, SaMR12 was selected as the most promising microbial partner of B. napus when setting up a plant–microbe fortified remediation system.