汉江流域黑竹冲河杂色特维摇蚊和波特真开氏摇蚊的生产量动态及营养基础分析

大型底栖动物在河流生态系统中发挥着重要作用,2003年6月至2004年6月间对汉江流域2级河流--黑竹冲河大型底栖动物群落优势种类的生产力进行为期1周年的调查研究,结果表明,主要优势种杂色特维摇蚊(Tvetenia discoloripes Goetghebuer)和波特真开氏摇蚊(Eukiefferiella potthasti Lehmann)的生活史均为1年1代.杂色特维摇蚊种群现存量在1年中出现1次峰值,波特真开氏摇蚊则出现3次.采用龄期频率法(1nstar-frequency method)测算的周年生产量分别为杂色特维摇蚊,120.3058g/(m2·a),P/B为10.5;波特真开氏摇蚊,17.7554g/(m2·a),P/B为11.4.两种摇蚊的生产量动态在时间上重叠程度较大,比例相似性系数达0.63,重叠现象主要发生在冬春季节.杂色特维摇蚊前肠内含物中,无形态碎屑、真菌和硅藻所占平均比例为95.81%,0.52%和3.67%;对生产量的贡献率分别为87.56%,2.38%和10.06%;波特真开氏摇蚊前肠内含物中,无形态碎屑、真菌和硅藻所占比例分别为93.48%,0.68%和5.84%,对生产量的贡献率分别为81.71%,2.97%和15.32%.     

施氮肥对水曲柳人工林细根生产和周转的影响

细根周转与土壤养分密切相关,但由于根系研究方法的差异以及研究对象的不同,土壤养分对细根周转影响的研究存在不一致的结论。本文以水曲柳（Fraxinus mandshurica）人工林为对象,应用3种方法研究施氮肥对细根生产和周转的影响。结果表明：施肥降低了活细根现存生物量,但施氮肥样地细根年生产量平均值（93．105g·m^-2·a^-1）与对照样地（93．505g·m^-2·a^-1）没有差异,不同方法得出施氮肥样地细根平均周转率（0．917次·a^-1）大于对照样地（0．710次·a^-1）;不同土层内细根的生产量显著不同,表层生产量最大,土层越深细根生产量越低,但细根周转率一般随土壤加深而加快;不同的研究方法得出细根的年生产量和周转率差异较大,分室模型法最高,其次是内生长土芯法,极差法和积分法最低。     

胡家溪摇蚊优势种的生产量动态和物质通量

2006年4月-2007年3月间,对长江支流清江二级支流——胡家溪大型底栖动物群落结构和生产量进行为期一年的调查.结果表明,主要优势摇蚊Conchapelopia sp.的生活史为一年两代,波特真开氏摇蚊(Eukiefferiella potthasti)为一年一代;Conchapelopia sp.的年均密度和年均生物量分别为105 ind·m-2、0.1g·m-2,波特真开氏摇蚊为280ind·m-2、0.3g·m-2.采用龄期频率法测算的周年生产量(g·m-2湿重)和生产量/生物量(P/B),Conchapelopia sp.分别为1.2g·m-2、2.3,波特真开氏摇蚊为1.4g·m-2、2.5.2种摇蚊的生产量时间重叠比例相似系数为0.7,重叠主要出现在冬春季节.营养基础分析发现,无形态碎屑为2种摇蚊的主要食物,占其组成的84％以上,对生产量的贡献率分别为80.1％、68.6％.2个优势种的年均物质通量分别为7.2和7.1g·m-2.     

大旗瓣凤仙花的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 大旗瓣风仙花（Impatiens macrovexilla Y．L．Chen）。 2材料类别 茎上侧芽。 3培养条件 增殖培养基：（1）MS＋6-BA1．5mg·L^-1（单位下同）;继代和生根培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA1．0。以上培养基中均加入30g·L^-1蔗糖和5．5g·L^-1琼脂,pH5．8。培养温度（25±3）℃,光照时间12h·d^-1,光照强度40～50gmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

蚊子花的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称蚊子花（Lopezia cordata Hornem．）。 2材料类别茎段和顶芽。 3培养条件基本培养基为MS。（1）芽诱导培养基：1／2MS（MS大量元素用量减半）;（2）增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA0．2mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．2;（3）生根培养基：I／2MS＋NAA0．5。以上培养基中均加入6g·L^-1琼脂和30g·L^-1蔗糖,pH5．9—6．0。培养室中温度为（24＋1）℃,光照时间为16h·d^-1,光照强度约为60μmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

欧洲小叶椴的胚培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称欧洲小叶椴（Tilia cordata Mill．）。 2材料类别成熟胚。 3培养条件（1）／3动培养基：MS＋6-BA2．0mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．1;（2）增殖培养基：MS＋6．BA1．0＋NAA0．1;（3）壮苗生根培养基：1／2MS＋IBA1．0＋NAA0．3。以上培养基均加入0．55％琼脂和20g·L^-1。蔗精,pH5．8-6．0。培养温度为（25±2）℃;光照培养时间12h·d^-1,光照强度40．50μmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

湿唇兰的无菌播种和快速繁殖

1植物名称 湿唇兰[Hygrochilus parishii（Rchb.f．）Pfitz．]。 2材料类别 成熟种子。 3培养条件种子萌发培养基：（1）1／2MS;（2）1／2MS＋100mL·L^-1椰子乳;（3）KC;（4）KC＋100mL·L^-1椰子乳;（5）VW;（6）VW＋100mL·L^-1椰子乳;（7）1．5g·L^-1花宝1号＋1．5g·L^-1花宝2号;     

刺参养殖池沉积物理化、生物指标测定及相关性分析

目的：通过测定刺参养殖池表层沉积物的理化、生物指标含量,分析它们之间的相关性及对刺参生长的影响。方法：采用标准养殖环境沉积物检测规范。结果：沉积物中总氮含量范围291～360μg·g^-1,平均含量为300μg·g^-1,均未超过生态毒性值（550μg·g^-1）;总磷含量较高,达到408～631μg·g^-1,平均含量为543μg·g^-1,有3个养殖池总磷含量超标;硫化物含量范围174～456μg·g^-1,平均含量298μg·g^-1;有机质含量达到2.10%～4.60%;底栖硅藻含量为5.50～44.5×10^6cells·m^-2,平均含量18.6×10^6cells·m^-2;总异养菌含量平均范围在1.33×10^6～100×10^6cfu·g^-1;其中总氮含量与含水率、有机质的相关性达到0.946、0.956,硫化物含量与底栖硅藻相关性为0.827,总磷含量与其它物质含量无明显相关性。结论：总氮含量与含水率、有机质含量呈极显著正相关;硫化物含量分别与底气硅藻含量和总异养菌含量呈显著正相关;其他本底值之间相关性不显著。刺参生长受环境影响明显,如果底栖硅藻含量丰富,其他营养盐含量较低,则刺参生长良好。     

2006年冬季南海北部浮游植物生物量和初级生产力及其环境调控

通过2006年2月在南海北部现场调查所获得的数据分析研究了海域的浮游植物现存量和生产力,结果表明冬季浮游植物的分布特征与东北季风引起的环流场的变化关系密切。调查海域水柱平均Chla浓度的变化范围为0.03～1.21mg·m-3（平均（0.33±0.33）mg·m^-3）,高值区出现在广东沿岸及海南岛东部附近海域;初级生产力的分布范围为41.3～1040.0mgC·m^-2d^-1。由于东北季风引起近岸水体混合剧烈,不利于浮游植物生长,因此虽然沿岸带Chla浓度（（0.53±0.50）mg·m^-3）较高,但初级生产力却是最低的,只有41.3mgC·m^-2d^-1,同时冬季反气旋涡强度下降和底层富营养水的涌升,营养盐充足,因此开阔海的Chla浓度（（0.31±0.30）mg·m^-3）和初级生产力（（631.3±578.0）mgC·m^-·2d^-1）均高。浮游植物粒度级份测定表明,Pico级份对冬季南海北部浮游植物现存量和生产力的贡献很大,特别是在开阔海区,分别占47%和66%。     

温度、盐度和体长对西藏拟潘（Daphniopsis tibetana Sars）排氨率的影响

在实验室内研究了温度（T=3、8、14、20℃和22℃）、盐度（S=5、10、15、20和25）和体长（0．80、1．23、1．51、1．84mm和2．38mm）对西藏拟潘排氨率（NR）的影响。结果表明,在试验温度范围内,西藏拟潘幼溢排氨率随温度（r）的升高而升高,其回归方程为NR=0．0359Ln（T）-0．0185（n=5,r=0．9881,P〈0．05）,数值范围为0．022～0．092mg／（g·h）。在盐度（S）试验中,西藏拟潘幼潘排氨率有同样的趋势,回归方程为NR=0．0535e^0.0213s（n=5,r=0．9884）,其数值范围为0．061—0．092mg／（g·h）。而体长试验中,西藏拟潘排氨率随体长（L）的增加而降低,回归方程为NR=0．0568L^-1.4154（n=5,r=0．9938,P〈0．05）,数值范围为0．017—0．083mg／（g·h）。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.