Effects of age on human muscle torque, velocity, and power in two muscle groups.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that, under isovelocity conditions, older compared with young humans would 1). be slower to reach target velocity and 2). exhibit a downward shift in the torque-velocity and power-velocity relationships in the ankle dorsiflexor and knee extensor muscles. We studied 12 young (26 +/- 5 yr, 6 men/6 women) and 12 older (72 +/- 6 yr, 6 men/6 women) healthy adults during maximal voluntary concentric contractions at preset target velocities (dorsiflexion: 0-240 degrees /s; knee extension: 0-400 degrees /s) using an isokinetic dynamometer. The time to target velocity was longer in older subjects in the dorsiflexors and knee extensors (both P 相似文献   

Neural and metabolic mechanisms of excessive muscle fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Dialysis patients have severe exercise limitations related to metabolic disturbances, but muscle fatigue has not been well studied in this population. We investigated the magnitude and mechanisms of fatigue of the ankle dorsiflexor muscles in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Thirty-three dialysis patients and twelve healthy control subjects performed incremental isometric dorsiflexion exercise, beginning at 10% of their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and increasing by 10% every 2 min. Muscle fatigue (fall of MVC), completeness of voluntary activation, and metabolic responses to exercise were measured. Before exercise, dialysis subjects exhibited reduced strength and impaired peripheral activation (lower compound muscle activation potential amplitude) but no metabolic perturbation. During exercise, dialysis subjects demonstrated threefold greater fatigue than controls with evidence of central activation failure but no change in peripheral activation. All metabolic parameters were significantly more perturbed at end exercise in dialysis subjects than in controls, including lower phosphocreatine (PCr) and pH, and higher P(i), P(i)/PCr, and H(2)PO(4)(-). Oxidative potential was markedly lower in patients than in controls [62.5 (SD 27.2) vs. 134.6 (SD 31.7), P < 0.0001]. Muscle fatigue was negatively correlated with oxidative potential among dialysis subjects (r = -0.52, P = 0.04) but not controls. Changes in central activation ratio were also correlated with muscle fatigue in the dialysis subjects (r = 0.59, P = 0.001) but not the controls. This study provides new information regarding the excessive muscular fatigue of dialysis patients and demonstrates that the mechanisms of this fatigue include both intramuscular energy metabolism and central activation failure.     

三维旋进式振动疗法联合常规康复训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者上下肢痉挛状态、步行能力及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨三维旋进式振动疗法联合常规康复训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者上下肢痉挛状态、步行能力及生活质量的影响。方法：按照随机数字表法,将南京医科大学附属苏州医院2020年4月~2022年4月期间收治的80例脑卒中偏瘫患者分为对照组（常规康复训练）和实验组（三维旋进式振动疗法联合常规康复训练）,每组各40例。对比两组偏瘫侧上下肢痉挛状态、步行能力及生活质量情况。结果：两组干预4周后、干预8周后Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分（FMA）上肢、下肢评分均较干预前升高,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预4周后、干预8周后步长、步速、6 min步行试验（6MWT）均较干预前升高,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预8周后,生理职能（RP）、活力（VT）、生理功能（PF）、总体健康（GH）、社会功能（SF）、躯体疼痛（BP）、情感职能（RE）、精神健康（MH）均较干预前升高,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：三维旋进式振动疗法联合常规康复训练应用于脑卒中偏瘫患者,可有效改善上下肢痉挛状态,提高步行能力,促进生活质量提高。     

MOTOmed下肢智能运动训练联合运动想象疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能、步行能力和躯干屈伸肌群肌力的影响

摘要 目的：探讨MOTOmed下肢智能运动训练联合运动想象疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能、步行能力和躯干屈伸肌群肌力的影响。方法：148例脑卒中偏瘫患者来源于我院2019年5月~2021年5月期间我院接收的患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=74,常规康复训练的基础上结合MOTOmed下肢智能运动训练）和研究组（n=74,对照组的基础上结合运动想象疗法）。两组均干预12周。对比两组下肢功能、步行能力和躯干屈伸肌群肌力变化。结果：两组干预12周后Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表（FMA）、Barthel指数（BI）、功能性步行能力分级量表（FAC）评分升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预12周后步频、步速、跨步长比率升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预12周后健侧腹直肌、竖脊肌表面肌电信号的均方根值未见明显变化,且组间同时点对比无差异（P>0.05）。两组干预12周后患侧腹直肌、竖脊肌表面肌电信号的均方根值升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：脑卒中偏瘫患者在MOTOmed下肢智能运动训练的基础上进行运动想象疗法,可促进下肢功能改善,提高步行能力,同时还可改善患侧躯干屈伸肌群肌力。     

Residual Upper Arm Motor Function Primes Innervation of Paretic Forearm Muscles in Chronic Stroke after Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) Training

Background

Abnormal upper arm-forearm muscle synergies after stroke are poorly understood. We investigated whether upper arm function primes paralyzed forearm muscles in chronic stroke patients after Brain-Machine Interface (BMI)-based rehabilitation. Shaping upper arm-forearm muscle synergies may support individualized motor rehabilitation strategies.

Methods

Thirty-two chronic stroke patients with no active finger extensions were randomly assigned to experimental or sham groups and underwent daily BMI training followed by physiotherapy during four weeks. BMI sessions included desynchronization of ipsilesional brain activity and a robotic orthosis to move the paretic limb (experimental group, n = 16). In the sham group (n = 16) orthosis movements were random. Motor function was evaluated with electromyography (EMG) of forearm extensors, and upper arm and hand Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) scores. Patients performed distinct upper arm (e.g., shoulder flexion) and hand movements (finger extensions). Forearm EMG activity significantly higher during upper arm movements as compared to finger extensions was considered facilitation of forearm EMG activity. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to test inter-session reliability of facilitation of forearm EMG activity.

Results

Facilitation of forearm EMG activity ICC ranges from 0.52 to 0.83, indicating fair to high reliability before intervention in both limbs. Facilitation of forearm muscles is higher in the paretic as compared to the healthy limb (p<0.001). Upper arm FMA scores predict facilitation of forearm muscles after intervention in both groups (significant correlations ranged from R = 0.752, p = 0.002 to R = 0.779, p = 0.001), but only in the experimental group upper arm FMA scores predict changes in facilitation of forearm muscles after intervention (R = 0.709, p = 0.002; R = 0.827, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Residual upper arm motor function primes recruitment of paralyzed forearm muscles in chronic stroke patients and predicts changes in their recruitment after BMI training. This study suggests that changes in upper arm-forearm synergies contribute to stroke motor recovery, and provides candidacy guidelines for similar BMI-based clinical practice.     

中等强度有氧运动联合弹力带抗阻训练对稳定性冠心病患者血管内皮功能、心肺功能及运动耐力的影响

摘要 目的：探讨弹力带抗阻训练、中等强度有氧运动联合应用对稳定性冠心病患者心肺功能、血管内皮功能、运动耐力的影响。方法：选择2020年9月~2022年4月期间我院收治的稳定性冠心病患者70例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组（35例,中等强度有氧运动）和联合组（35例,对照组的基础上接受弹力带抗阻训练）。对比两组运动耐力、血管内皮功能指标[超声颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT） 、内皮依赖性血管舒张功能（FMD）值、Crouse斑块积分]、心肺功能指标[左心室射血分数（LVEF）、心脏每搏输出量（SV）、最大摄氧量（VO₂max）和氧脉搏（O₂pulse）]、生活质量和心血管不良事件发生率。结果：干预后,两组6分钟步行试验（6MWT）升高,且联合组高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预后,两组LVEF、SV、VO₂max、O₂pulse升高,且联合组高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预后,两组生理/社会功能、躯体疼痛、生理/情感职能、精力、总体/精神健康各维度评分升高,且联合组高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预后,两组IMT缩小,FMD升高,Crouse斑块积分下降,且联合组的变化程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组心血管不良事件发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：稳定性冠心病患者采用弹力带抗阻训练和中等强度有氧运动联合干预可改善心肺功能和血管内皮功能,提高运动耐力及生活质量,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

疏风解毒胶囊辅以综合管理干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸及运动功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨疏风解毒胶囊辅以综合管理干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者呼吸及运动功能改善的影响。方法：选取2018年10月-2019年10月到我院进行治疗的COPD患者84例作为研究对象,随机数字表法分为两组,患者均使用疏风解毒胶囊进行治疗,对照组（n=42）予以常规干预,试验组（n=42）进行综合管理干预。对比两组患者的临床治疗有效率、肺功能改善情况、肺功能指标、呼吸困难指数（MRC）评分以及6分钟步行实验（6MWT）结果。结果：试验组的临床治疗有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预后,两组动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO₂）和MRC评分较干预前降低（P<0.05）,动脉血氧分压（PaO₂）、动脉血氧饱和度（SaO₂）、第1秒用力呼气容器（FEV₁）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV₁/FVC均较干预前升高（P<0.05）,6MWT距离较干预前增加（P<0.05）,且试验组上述指标改善情况更优（P<0.05）。结论：疏风解毒胶囊辅以综合管理干预可提高COPD患者的临床治疗效果,改善其肺功能,可有效缓解呼吸困难,提升运动强度,值得在临床上应用与推广。     

有氧康复运动对慢性心力衰竭患者心室重构及血管内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨有氧康复运动对慢性心力衰竭(chronic cardiac failure,CHF)患者心室重构及血管内皮功能的影响。方法:78例CHF患者随机分为运动组(n=39)、对照组(n=39)。对照组给予常规内科药物治疗、日常活动能力训练,运动组在此基础上根据美国心脏病学会(American Heart Association,AHA)的《三阶段康复运动方案》进行有氧康复运动,共持续12周。比较两组治疗前后心脏结构和功能、血管内皮功能及生活质量的改善情况。结果:干预后,两组左室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、明尼苏达心衰生活质量(Minnesota Living With Heart Failure,MLHF)评分、血清内皮素-1(Endothelin-1,ET-1)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ,Ang Ⅱ)水平均明显减小,左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、6分钟步行试验(6 minute walking test,6MWT)、血清一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)水平均明显升高,且运动组LVESD、LVEDD、MLHF评分、血清ET-1、Ang Ⅱ水平明显低于对照组,LVEF、6MWT、血清NO、CGRP水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。运动组干预期间心衰再入院率显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:有氧运动康复训练有助于改善CHF患者的血管内皮功能,延缓或逆转心室重构,提高生活质量,改善预后。     

Correlation between timed up and go test and skeletal muscle tensiomyography in female nursing home residents

Objectives:Tensiomyography (TMG) derived contraction time (Tc) and amplitude (Dm) are related to muscle fibre composition and to muscle atrophy/tone, respectively. However, the link between mobility and TMG-derived skeletal muscle contractile properties in older persons is unknown. The aim of the study was to correlate lower limb skeletal muscle contractile properties with balance and mobility measures in senior female residents of retirement homes in Austria.Methods:Twenty-eight female participants (aged from 67-99 years) were included in measurements of contractile properties (TMG) of four skeletal muscles: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius medialis. Their balance and mobility performance was measured using a timed up and go test (TUG).Results:Time needed to complete TUG is negatively correlated to biceps femoris (r= -0.490; p= 0.008), vastus lateralis (r= -0.414; p=0.028) and vastus medialis (r= -0.353; p=0.066) Dm and positively correlated to vastus lateralis Tc (r=0.456; p=0.015). Overall, vastus lateralis Tc and vastus medialis Dm explained 37% of TUG time variance.Conclusions:Our study demonstrates that TMG-derived quadriceps muscle contractile parameters are correlated with the balance and mobility function in female nursing home residents.     

弹力带抗阻训练联合七步法运动康复对冠心病患者血脂、心肺适能及运动能力的影响

摘要 目的：探讨弹力带抗阻训练联合七步法运动康复对冠心病患者血脂、心肺适能及运动能力的影响。方法：选取2018年2月~2020年4月期间呼和浩特市蒙医中医医院收治的113例冠心病患者,分组方法采用随机数字表法,分为研究组57例和对照组56例,对照组给予常规运动康复干预,研究组在对照组的基础上采取弹力带抗阻训练联合七步法运动康复干预,对比两组血脂、日常生活能力、心功能、心肺适能及运动能力。结果：干预6个月后,研究组左室射血分数（LVEF）高于对照组,左室舒张末径（LVEDD）以及左室收缩末内径（LVESD）低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,研究组改良Barthel量表（MBI）评分、6 min步行试验（6MWT）距离高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,研究组高密度脂蛋白（HDL）高于对照组,总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,研究组峰值公斤摄氧量（VO₂/kg _peak ）、无氧阈、峰值氧脉搏升高,且高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,研究组峰值功率（WR _peak ）、峰值代谢当量（MET _peak ）升高,且高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：弹力带抗阻训练联合七步法运动康复可促进患者心功能、血脂状况改善,提高其心肺适能、运动能力及日常生活能力。     

Altered energetic properties in skeletal muscle of men with well-controlled insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes

This study asked whether the energetic properties of muscles are changed by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (or type 1 diabetes), as occurs in obesity and type 2 diabetes. We used (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure glycolytic flux, oxidative flux, and contractile cost in the ankle dorsiflexor muscles of 10 men with well-managed type 1 diabetes and 10 age- and activity-matched control subjects. Each subject performed sustained isometric muscle contractions lasting 30 and 120 s while attempting to maintain 70-75% of maximal voluntary contraction force. An altered glycolytic flux in type 1 diabetic subjects relative to control subjects was apparent from significant differences in pH in muscle at rest and at the end of the 120-s bout. Glycolytic flux during exercise began earlier and reached a higher peak rate in diabetic patients than in control subjects. A reduced oxidative capacity in the diabetic patients' muscles was evident from a significantly slower phosphocreatine recovery from a 30-s exercise bout. Our findings represent the first characterization of the energetic properties of muscle from type 1 diabetic patients. The observed changes in glycolytic and oxidative fluxes suggest a diabetes-induced shift in the metabolic profile of muscle, consistent with studies of obesity and type 2 diabetes that point to common muscle adaptations in these diseases.     

肺康复训练联合规律性有氧运动疗法对稳定期COPD患者心肺运动功能、生活质量和Th17/Treg细胞亚群失衡的影响

摘要 目的：观察肺康复训练联合规律性有氧运动疗法对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者心肺运动功能、生活质量和Th17/Treg细胞亚群失衡的影响。方法：选取2019年6月-2021年6月期间于我院接受治疗的80例稳定期COPD患者,根据随机数字表法分为观察组（40例,肺康复训练联合规律性有氧运动疗法）、对照组（40例,接受肺康复训练）,比较两组患者心肺运动功能、运动耐量、生活质量和Th17/Treg细胞亚群失衡相关指标。结果：两组干预3个月后最大分钟通气量（VEmax）、峰值摄氧量（PeakVO₂）升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预3个月后无氧阈时二氧化碳通气当量（VE/CO₂ at AT）下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预3个月后圣?乔治呼吸问卷（SGRQ）评分降低,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预3个月后6 min步行试验（6MWT）距离、运动时间延长,且观察组长于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预3个月后Treg含量升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）;两组干预3个月后Th17/Treg比值、Th17含量下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：肺康复训练联合规律性有氧运动疗法用于稳定期COPD患者,可改善其心肺运动功能,提高运动耐量,提高生活质量,同时还可调节Th17/Treg细胞亚群失衡。     

缩唇腹式呼吸训练联合弹力带抗阻运动对慢性心力衰竭患者运动耐力、心肺功能及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察缩唇腹式呼吸训练对联合弹力带抗阻运动对慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者运动耐力、心肺功能及生活质量的影响。方法：选取2020年4月~2021年7月期间我院收治的CHF患者83例。按照双色球法将患者分为对照组（n=41）和观察组（n=42）,对照组接受弹力带抗阻运动,观察组接受缩唇腹式呼吸训练联合弹力带抗阻运动。观察两组运动耐力、心肺功能、生活质量及1年内再住院率和1年内死亡率情况。结果：两组干预4周后躯体领域评分、情绪领域评分、其他领域评分和总分均下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预4周后用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、最大自主分钟通气量（MVV）、左室射血分数（LVEF）升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）,而左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预4周后6 min步行距离试验（6MWT）、峰值摄氧量（VO_2peak ）及无氧阈值（AT）升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的1年内再住院率、1年内死亡率均低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：弹力带抗阻运动联合缩唇腹式呼吸训练可促进CHF患者心肺功能改善,提高运动耐力,促进生活质量提升,同时还可降低1年内再住院率、1年内死亡率,疗效较好。     

Shank Muscle Strength Training Changes Foot Behaviour during a Sudden Ankle Supination

Background

The peroneal muscles are the most effective lateral stabilisers whose tension braces the ankle joint complex against excessive supination. The purpose of this study was to identify the morphological and biomechanical effects of two machine-based shank muscle training methods.

Methods

Twenty-two healthy male recreationally active sports students performed ten weeks of single-set high resistance strength training with 3 training sessions per week. The subjects conducted subtalar pronator/supinator muscle training (ST) with the right leg by using a custom-made apparatus; the left foot muscles were exercised with machine-based talocrural plantar and dorsiflexor training (TT). Muscle strength (MVIC), muscle volume and foot biomechanics (rearfoot motion, ground reaction forces, muscle reaction times) during a sudden ankle supination were recorded before and after the intervention.

Results

Compared to TT, ST resulted in significantly higher pronator (14% vs. 8%, P<0.01) and supinator MVIC (25% vs. 12%, P<0.01). During sudden foot inversions, both ST and TT resulted in reduced supination velocity (-12%; P<0.01). The muscle reaction onset time was faster after the training in peroneus longus (PL) (P<0.01). Muscle volume of PL (P<0.01) and TA (P<0.01) increased significantly after both ST and TT.

Conclusion

After both ST and TT, the ankle joint complex is mechanically more stabilised against sudden supinations due to the muscle volume increase of PL and TA. As the reduced supination velocities indicate, the strength training effects are already present during free-fall. According to a sudden ankle supination in standing position, both machine-based dorsiflexor and pronator strength training is recommended for enhancing the mechanical stability of the ankle.     

Changes in forearm muscle temperature alter renal vascular responses to isometric handgrip

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of heating and cooling the forearm muscles on renal vascular responses to ischemic isometric handgrip (IHG). It was hypothesized that heating and cooling the forearm would augment and attenuate, respectively, renal vascular responses to IHG. Renal vascular responses to IHG were studied during forearm heating at 39 degrees C (n = 15, 26 +/- 1 yr) and cooling at 26 degrees C (n = 12, 26 +/- 1 yr). For a control trial, subjects performed the experimental protocol while the forearm was normothermic (approximately 34 degrees C). Muscle temperature (measured by intramuscular probe) was controlled by changing the temperature of water cycling through a water-perfused sleeve. The experimental protocol was as follows: 3 min at baseline, 1 min of ischemia, ischemic IHG to fatigue, and 2 min of postexercise muscle ischemia. At rest, renal artery blood velocity (RBV; Doppler ultrasound) and renal vascular conductance (RVC = RBV/mean arterial blood pressure) were not different between normothermia and the two thermal conditions. During ischemic IHG, there were greater decreases in RBV and RVC in the heating trial. However, RBV and RVC were similar during postexercise muscle ischemia during heating and normothermia. RVC decreased less during cooling than in normothermia while the subjects performed the ischemic IHG protocol. During postexercise muscle ischemia, RVC was greater during cooling than in normothermia. These results indicate that heating augments mechanoreceptor-mediated renal vasoconstriction whereas cooling blunts metaboreceptor-mediated renal vasoconstriction.     

Changes in muscle strength,endurance, and reaction of the lower extremities with Tai Chi intervention

This study examines the effects of a 16-week Tai Chi (TC) training program on the muscle strength, endurance, and reaction time of the lower extremities of elderly people. A total of 40 elderly individuals (aged ?60 years) completed the study. They were divided into two groups: the TC group (11 men and 11 women) underwent a supervised TC exercise program for 16 weeks, while the control group (9 men and 9 women) received general education for a comparable time period. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were conducted. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the maximum concentric strength and dynamic endurance of the knee flexors and the extensors, and the maximum concentric strength of the ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors. The neuromuscular response of the rectus femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, and anterior tibialis muscles was measured by the onset latency to sudden perturbations using an electromyography system. After 16 weeks, the TC group showed a 19.9% increase in muscle strength of the knee flexors (p<.000) that was significantly greater than that in the control group (p=.046). There was also a significant decrease in semitendinosus muscle latency (6.6%, p=.014) that was significantly shorter than that in the control group (p=.042). No significant training effects were found in other measures. These results suggest that improving biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity muscles may need longer TC intervention for elderly people.     

腹式呼吸训练法对COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者肺通气状态、血气指标及运动耐力的影响

摘要 目的：探讨腹式呼吸训练法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者肺通气状态、血气指标及运动耐力的影响。方法：选择我院2020年07月2022年12月期间收治的100例COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组[常规治疗基础上接受双水平气道正压（BIPAP）辅助通气,n=50]和研究组（对照组的基础上接受腹式呼吸训练法干预,n=50）。对比两组临床相关指标、肺通气状态、血气指标及运动耐力指标。结果：研究组的喘憋消失时间、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间、肺部啰音消失时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预1周后第1秒呼气的最大容积（FEV₁）、最大自主分钟通气量（MVV）、用力肺活量（FVC）均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预1周后氧分压（PaO2₂）、血氧饱和度（SpO₂）均升高,且研究组高于对照组;二氧化碳分压（PaCO₂）下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预1周后6 min步行距离（6MWT）升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：腹式呼吸训练法有助于改善COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的临床症状,调节肺通气状态、血气指标,提高运动耐力。     

二十四式简化太极拳联合呼吸功能训练对中老年COPD患者肺功能、运动耐力及心理状态的影响

摘要 目的：探讨二十四式简化太极拳联合呼吸功能训练对中老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者肺功能、运动耐力及心理状态的影响。方法：选取2019年4月~2020年8月期间我院收治的中老年COPD患者81例,按照信封抽签法分为对照组（40例,给予呼吸功能训练干预）和观察组（41例,给予二十四式简化太极拳联合呼吸功能训练干预）,均干预6个月。对比两组干预前、干预6个月后的肺功能、运动耐力、心理状态及生活质量。结果：两组干预6个月后用力肺活量（FVC）、1 秒用力呼气容积( FEV1)、FEV1/FVC升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预6个月后呼吸症状、疾病影响、活动受限评分降低,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预6个月后6 min步行试验（6MWT）距离延长,且观察组长于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预6个月后人际关系、抑郁、偏执、敌对、焦虑、恐惧评分降低,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：中老年COPD患者经二十四式简化太极拳联合呼吸功能训练干预后,肺功能、运动耐力、生活质量及心理状态均得到显著改善,提示该康复训练方案可用于辅助中老年COPD患者的治疗。     

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Neuroplasticity within the Motor Cortex following Stroke

Background

Aerobic exercise is associated with enhanced plasticity in the motor cortex of healthy individuals, but the effect of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity following a stroke is unknown.

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare corticomotoneuronal excitability and neuroplasticity in the upper limb cortical representation following a single session of low intensity lower limb cycling, or a rest control condition.

Methods

We recruited chronic stroke survivors to take part in three experimental conditions in a randomised, cross-over design. Corticomotoneuronal excitability was examined using transcranial magnetic stimulation to elicit motor evoked potentials in the affected first dorsal interosseus muscle. Following baseline measures, participants either cycled on a stationary bike at a low exercise intensity for 30 minutes, or remained resting in a seated position for 30 minutes. Neuroplasticity within the motor cortex was then examined using an intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) paradigm. During the third experimental condition, participants cycled for the 30 minutes but did not receive any iTBS.

Results

Twelve participants completed the study. We found no significant effect of aerobic exercise on corticomotoneuronal excitability when compared to the no exercise condition (P > 0.05 for all group and time comparisons). The use of iTBS did not induce a neuroplastic-like response in the motor cortex with or without the addition of aerobic exercise.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that following a stroke, the brain may be less responsive to non-invasive brain stimulation paradigms that aim to induce short-term reorganisation, and aerobic exercise was unable to induce or improve this response.     

上肢康复机器人联合等速肌力训练对脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者的康复效果研究

摘要 目的：探讨等速肌力训练联合上肢康复机器人在脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者中的应用效果。方法：根据随机数字表法,将2020年1月-2022年12月期间合肥市第二人民医院收治的136例脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者分为对照组（n=68,等速肌力训练）与观察组（n=68,等速肌力训练联合上肢康复机器人干预）。两组均干预3周,观察两组Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能量表（FMA-UL）评分、改良Barthel指数（MBI）评分、偏瘫Brunnstrom分级、表面肌电图相关指标和生活质量评分变化情况。结果：观察组干预3周后FMA-UL、MBI评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组干预3周后IV级患者例数多于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组干预3周后肱二头肌、肱三头肌、三角肌前束、三角肌中束的均方根值（RMS）和积分肌电值（iEMG）高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组干预3周后生理职能、躯体疼痛、生理功能、总体健康、精神健康、活力、情感职能、社会功能各维度评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者经等速肌力训练、上肢康复机器人联合干预,可促进偏瘫上肢肌肉激活和运动单位募集同步化,改善上肢肌力,提高患者的生活质量。