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1.
A broad-spectrum dye-decolorizing bacterium, strain DN322, was isolated from activated sludge of a textile printing wastewater treatment plant. The strain was characterized and identified as a member of Aeromonas hydrophila based on Gram staining, morphology characters, biochemical tests, and nearly complete sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene and the gyrase subunit beta gene (gyrB). Strain DN322 decolorized a variety of synthetic dyes, including triphenylmethane, azo, and anthraquinone dyes. For color removal, the most suitable pH and temperature were pH 5.0–10.0 and 25–37°C, respectively. Triphenylmethane dye, e.g., Crystal Violet, Basic Fuchsin, Brilliant Green, and Malachite Green (50 mg l−1) were decolorized more than 90% within 10 h under aerobic culture condition and Crystal Violet could be used as sole carbon source and energy source for cell growth. The color removal of triphenylmethane dyes was due to a soluble cytosolic enzyme, and the enzyme was an NADH/NADPH-dependent oxygenase; For azo and anthraquinone dyes, e.g., Acid Amaranth, Great Red GR, Reactive Red KE-3B, and Reactive Brilliant Blue K-GR (50 mg l−1) could be decolorized more than 85% within 36 h under anoxic condition. This strain may be useful for bioremediation applications. 相似文献
2.
Keharia Haresh Patel Hardik Madamwar Datta 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2004,20(4):365-370
The nonspecific ability of anaerobic sludge bacteria obtained from cattle dung slurry was investigated for 17 different dyes
in a batch assay system using sealed serum vials. Experiments using Reactive Violet 5 (RV 5) showed that sludge bacteria could
effectively decolorize solutions having dye concentrations up to 1000 mg l−1 with a decolorization efficiency of above 75% during 48 h of incubation. Headspace gas composition of anaerobic batch systems
for varying dye concentration revealed that lower concentrations of RV 5 (upto 500 mg l−1) were found to be stimulatory to the methanogenic activity of sludge bacteria. However at higher dye concentrations, the
headspace gas composition was found to be similar to batch assay controls without dye, indicating that dye at higher concentrations
was inhibitory to methanogenic bacteria of sludge. The optimum inoculum and incubation temperature for maximum decolorization
of RV 5 was found to be 9.0 g l−1(in terms of total solids) and 37°C, respectively. Of sixteen other dyes tested, nine (Reactive Black 5, Reactive Blue 31,
Reactive Blue 28, Reactive Red HE8B, Reactive Yellow, Reactive Golden Yellow, Mordant Orange, Novatic Olive R S/D & Navilan
Yellow GL) were decolorized with more than 88% efficiency; three (Orange II, Navy Blue HER & Novatic Blue BC S/D) were decolorized
with about 50–65% efficiency, whereas other three dyes (Procion Orange H2R, Procion Brilliant Blue HGR & Novatic Blue BC S/D)
were decolorized with less than 40% efficiency. Though Ranocid Fast Blue was decolorized with about 92.5% efficiency, this
was merely due to sorption, whereas the other dyes were decolorized due to biotransformation. 相似文献
3.
Decolorization of synthetic dyes and production of manganese-dependent peroxidase by new fungal isolates 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Yang Q Yang M Pritsch K Yediler A Hagn A Schloter M Kettrup A 《Biotechnology letters》2003,25(9):709-713
Two yeasts, Debaryomyces polymorphus, Candida tropicalis, and two filamentous fungi, Umbelopsis isabellina, Penicillium geastrivorus, could completely decolorize 100 mg Reactive Black 5 (RB 5) l–1 within 16–48 h. Manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) activities between 60 and 424 U l–1 were detected in culture supernatants of three of these organisms indicating the color removal by enzymatic biodegradation but with P. geastrivorus there was no ligninolytic enzyme activity in its culture and the decolorization was mainly due to biosorption to mycelium. Extensive decolorization by D. polymorphus (69–94%) and C. tropicalis (30–97%) was obtained with five other azo dyes and one anthraquinone dye. Except for Reactive Brilliant Blue KNR and Reactive Yellow M-3R, the four azo dyes, Reactive Red M-3BE, Procion Scharlach H-E3G, Procion Marine H-EXL and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, induced D. polymorphus to produce MnP (105–587 U l–1). However, MnP activities of 198–329 U l–1 were only detected in the culture of C. tropicalis containing Reactive Red M-3BE and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, respectively. 相似文献
4.
Amaranth, Tropaeolin O, Reactive Blue 15, Congo Red, and Reactive Black 5 were completely decolorized with no dye sorption by Trametes versicolor. Cibacron Brilliant Red 3G-P, Cibacron Brilliant Yellow 3B-A, and Remazol Brilliant Blue R were partially decolorized with some dye sorbed to the biomass. The Microtox assay before decoloration showed that Amaranth and Tropaeolin O were not toxic [the percent concentration to decrease 20% of the luminescence of Vibrio fischeri (EC20) was greater than 100%]; Cibacron Brilliant Yellow 3B-A, Reactive Blue 15 and Cibacron Brilliant Red 3G-P were moderately non-toxic (100% > EC20 > 75%); Remazol Brilliant Blue R was toxic (75% > EC20 > 50%); and Congo Red and Reactive Black 5 were moderately toxic (50% > EC20 > 25%). After decoloration the toxicity of the solutions containing Amaranth, Tropaeolin O and Reactive Black 5 was unchanged; Reactive Blue 15, Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Cibacron Brilliant Red 3G-P decreased to non-toxic levels; and Cibacron Brilliant Yellow 3B-A and Congo Red became very toxic (EC20 < 25%). 相似文献
5.
In the present study mixed cultures that could grew in the molasses media were isolated from textile dye effluent and its decolorization activity was studied in a batch system under anaerobic conditions, in order to determine the optimal conditions required for the highest decolorization activity. The optimum pH value for decolorization was determined as 8 for all the dyes tested. In the experiment with pH 8 dye decolorizations by mixed cultures were investigated at about 96.2–1031.3 mg l−1 initial dye concentrations. The highest dye removal rates of mixed cultures were 94.9% for Reactive Red RB, 91.0% for Reactive Black B and 63.6% for Remazol Blue at 953.2, 864.9 and 1031.3 mg l−1 initial dye concentrations respectively within 24 h incubation period. When the Reactive Red RB was used, approximately 82–98% total color removal was obtained at between 96.2 and 953.2 mg l−1 initial dye concentrations after 12 h of incubation at 35 °C. These results show that our enriched mixed cultures have the potential to serve as an excellent biomass for the use in reactive dye removal from wastewaters under anaerobic conditions. 相似文献
6.
Decolorization of industrial dyes by a Brazilian strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius producing laccase as the sole phenol-oxidizing enzyme 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The ability of a Brazilian strain ofPleurotus pulmonarius to decolorize structurally different synthetic dyes (including azo, triphenylmethane, heterocyclic and polymeric dyes) was
investigated in solid and submerged cultures. Both were able to decolorize completely or partially 8 of 10 dyes (Amido Black,
Congo Red, Trypan Blue, Methyl Green, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Methyl Violet, Ethyl Violet, Brilliant Cresyl Blue). No decolorization
of Methylene Blue and Poly R 478 was observed. Of the four phenol-oxidizing enzymes tested in culture filtrates (lignin peroxidase,
manganese peroxidase, aryl alcohol oxidase, laccase),P. pulmonarius produced only laccase. Both laccase activity and dye decolorization were related to glucose and ammonium starvation or to
induction by ferulic acid. The decolorizationin vivo was tested using three dyes — Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Trypan Blue and Methyl Green. All of them were completely decolorized
by crude extracellular extracts. Decolorization and laccase activity were equally affected by pH and temperature. Laccase
can thus be considered to be the major enzyme involved in the ability ofP. pulmonarius to decolorize industrial dyes. 相似文献
7.
M. Asgher S. A. H. Shah M. Ali R. L. Legge 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2006,22(1):89-93
Summary Four white-rot fungi isolated in Pakistan were used for decolorization of widely used reactive textile dyestuffs. Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus were grown in defined nutrient media for decolorization of Drimarene Orange K-GL, Remazol Brilliant Yellow 3GL, Procion BluePX-5R
and Cibacron Blue P-3RGR for 10 days in shake flasks. Samples were removed every day, centrifuged and the absorbances of the
supernatants were read to determine percentage decolorization. It was observed that P. chrysosporium and C. versicolor could effectively decolorize Remazol Brilliant Yellow 3GL, Procion BluePX-5R and Cibacron Blue P-3RGR. Drimarene Orange K-GL
was completely decolorized (0.2 g/l after 8 days) only by P.chrysosporium, followed by P. ostreatus (0.17 g/l after 10 days). P. ostreatus also showed good decolorization efficiencies (0.19–0.2 g/l) on all dyes except Remazol Brilliant Yellow (0.07 g/l after 10 days).
G. lucidum did not decolorize any of the dyestuffs to an appreciable extent except Remazol Brilliant Yellow (0.2 g/l after 8 days). 相似文献
8.
The effect of manganese and selected synthetic dyes on the production of manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) by Irpex lacteus immobilized on polyurethane foam was studied. In the cultures grown in a medium containing 65 μM Mn (II), up to three various
isoenzymes of MnP were resolved by isolectrofocusing, with pI values within the range of 3.50–6.04. In the cultures grown
in a medium containing 2.9 mM Mn (II), two new MnP isoforms (pI 3.28, 3.75) were produced. The addition of structurally different
synthetic dyes, an azo dye Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), an anthraquinonic dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), and a triphenylmethane
dye Bromophenol Blue (BPB), to the fungal cultures grown in the presence of high manganese inhibited the production of low
pI MnP isoforms. However, in the presence of BPB a new MnP isoform with pI 5.67 was detected. BPB was found to induce MnP
isoforms which are more effective in RBBR decolorization in vitro than the low pI isoforms present in the control cultures. 相似文献
9.
Anuradha N. Kagalkar Umesh B. Jagtap Jyoti P. Jadhav Sanjay P. Govindwar Vishwas A. Bapat 《Planta》2010,232(1):271-285
In vitro culture plants of Typhonium flagelliforme were found to decolorize a variety of dyes, including Malachite Green, Red HE 8B, Methyl Orange, Reactive Red 2, Direct Red
5B (DR5B), Red HE 7B, Golden Yellow HER, Patent Blue, and Brilliant Blue R (BBR), to varying extents within 4 days. The enzymatic
analysis of plant roots of aseptically raised plantlets performed before and after degradation of the dye BBR by these plantlets
showed a significant induction in the activities of peroxidase, laccase, tyrosinase, and 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol reductase,
which indicated the involvement of these enzymes in the metabolism of the dye. Comparative study of the enzyme status of the
plants Typhonium flagelliforme and Blumea malcolmii during the degradation of DR5B and BBR showed marked variations in the enzyme profile with respect to the use of different
sources of the enzyme. Phytoremediation of BBR using Typhonium flagelliforme was confirmed with high performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis performed
before and after the degradation of the dye. One of the products of the metabolism of the dye was identified as 4-(4-ethylimino-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidinemethyl)-phenylamine
with the aid of gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis. Significant decrease in the American Dye Manufacturer’s
Institute, biological oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand values of synthetic mixture of textile dyes and industrial
effluent confirmed the decolorization and detoxification. Phytotoxicity studies also revealed the nontoxic nature of the metabolites
of BBR. 相似文献
10.
Soo-Young Kim Jin-Young An Byung-Woo Kim 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2007,12(3):222-227
A culture of anaerobic sludge was bioaugmented withDesulfovibrio desulfuricans for the color removal of authentic textile wastewater containing a substantial amount of sulfate, in order to improve the
decolorization process. The sulfide produced by sulfate respiration ofD. desulfuricans can chemically reduce azo bonds to produce a colorless metabolite in the form of aromatic amines. In the case where the culture
of anaerobic sludge was bioaugmented withD. desulfuricans, the decolorization of C.I. Reactive Black 5 showed an increase of more than 14% after 48 h in comparison with that in the
culture of anaerobic sludge alone. In the decolorization of authentic textile wastewater, the color removal (about 69.0%)
was improved by the mixed culture of anaerobic sludge andD. desulfuricans, compared with results obtained with only anaerobic sludge as reported in our previous work, suggesting that bioaugmentation
byD. desulfuricans can be useful for the decolorization of wastewater that contains complex dye compounds and sulfate. 相似文献
11.
The effect of cyclic anaerobic–aerobic conditions on the biodegradative capability of the mixed microbial culture for the
azo dye Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV-5R) was investigated in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with a synthetic textile
wastewater. The SBR had a 12-h cycle time with anaerobic–aerobic periods of 3/9, 6/6 and 9/3 h. General SBR performance was
assessed by measurement of catabolic enzymes (catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, azo reductase), chemical oxygen demand (COD), color
and amount of aromatic amines. In this study, under steady-state conditions, the anaerobic period of the cyclic SBR was found
to allow the reductive decolorization of azo dye. Longer anaerobic periods resulted in higher color removal efficiencies,
approximately 71% for the 3-h, 87% for 6-h and 92% for the 9-h duration. Total COD removal efficiencies were over 84% under
each of the cyclic conditions and increased as the length of the anaerobic period was increased; however, the highest color
removal rate was attained for the cycle with the shortest anaerobic period of 3 h. During the decolorization of RBV-5R, two
sulfonated aromatic amines (benzene based and naphthalene based) were formed. Additionally, anaerobic azo reductase enzyme
was found to be positively affected with the increasing duration of the anaerobic period; however; it was vice versa for the
aerobic catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23DO) enzyme. 相似文献
12.
Decolorization of reactive dyes by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clostridium bifermentans</Emphasis> SL186 isolated from contaminated soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Min-Ho Joe Sang-Young Lim Dong-Ho Kim In-Soo Lee 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(10):2221-2226
Decolorization of textile reactive azo dyes by a strain of bacteria (SL186) isolated from a contaminated site was investigated.
SL186 was identified as Clostridium bifermentans by phenotypic characterization and 16S rDNA sequence comparison. Under anaerobic conditions, SL186 had decolorized the dyes
Reactive Red 3B-A, Reactive Black 5, and Reactive Yellow 3G-P by over 90% after 36 h post-inoculation. The bacterium retained
decolorizing activity over a wide range of pH values (6–12), with peak activity at pH 10. Additionally, SL186 decolorized
a relatively high concentration of Reactive Red 3B-A dye (1,000 ppm) by over 80% and raw industrial effluent effectively.
The addition of glucose increased the decolorization rate a little. Spectrophotometric analyses of the reactive dyes showed
no distinct peak indicating aromatic amines. However, a new peak was detected between 300 and 450 nm from the decolorized
raw industrial effluent. These results suggest that C. bifermentans SL186 is a suitable bacterium for the biological processing of dye-containing wastewater. 相似文献
13.
Md. Ekramul Karim Kartik Dhar Md. Towhid Hossain 《Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology》2018,16(2):375-380
Dyeing effluents have become a vital source of water pollution. Due to the xenobiotic properties and toxicity to all life forms including humans, removal of undesirable color and associated toxicity is crucial. In this study, five dye decolorizing bacteria were isolated from dyeing effluent using selective enrichment culture in Bushnell-Haas (BH) medium amended with co-substrate (i.e. glucose, yeast extract) and 100?mg?L?1 of each commercially available reactive dyes viz. Novacron Orange FN-R, Novacron Brilliant Blue FN-R, Novacron Super Black G, Bezema Yellow S8-G and Bezema Red S2-B. The isolated bacteria were identified and assigned as Neisseria sp., Vibrio sp., Bacillus sp., Bacillus sp. and Aeromonas sp. based on their phenotypic (cultural, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristic) observation. The dye decolorization efficiency was estimated spectrophotometrically up to 6?days of static incubation at 37?°C and observed that all of the isolates were unable to induce decolorization in absence of co-substrate. In case of monoculture, decolorization percentage varies from no visible decolorization (Bezema Red S2-B by Ek-5) to highest 90% decolorization (Novacron Brilliant Blue FN-R by Ek-13) whereas the decolorization percentage of bacterial consortium varies from 65% (Bezema Yellow S8-G) to 90% (Novacron Brilliant Blue FN-R and Novacron Super Black G). The study outlines the co-substrates mediated decolorization process where bacterial consortium proved as efficient dye decolorizer than that of the monocultures. This finding confers possibility of using novel microbial consortium for biological treatment of disreputable dyeing effluents. 相似文献
14.
Four different aerobic mixed consortia collected from basins of wastewater streams coming out of dying plants of Crescent
Textile (CT), Sitara Textile (ST), Chenab Fabrics (CF) and Noor Fatima Textile (NF), Faisalabad, Pakistan were applied for
decolorization of Drimarene Orange K-GL, Drimarene Brilliant Red K-4BL, Foron Yellow SE4G and Foron Blue RDGLN for 10 days
using the shake flask technique. CT culture showed the best decolorization potential on all dyestuffs followed by ST, NF and
CF, respectively. CT could completely decolorize all dyes within 3–5 days. ST cultures showed effective decolorization potential
on Foron Yellow SE4G and Drimarene Brilliant Red K-4BL but complete color removal was achieved after 4 and 7 days, respectively.
NF culture showed 100% decolorization efficiencies on Foron Yellow SE4G and Foron Blue RDGLN but it took comparatively longer
time periods (5–7 days). Where as, the NF culture had decolorized only 40% and 50% of Drimarene orange and red, respectively,
after 10 days. CF caused complete decolorization of Foron Blue RDGLN and Drimarene Brilliant Red K-4BL after 4 and 8 days,
respectively but it showed poor performance on other two dyes. 相似文献
15.
Biodegradation of textile azo dye by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Shewanella decolorationis</Emphasis> S12 under microaerophilic conditions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The complete biodegradation of azo dye, Fast Acid Red GR, was observed under microaerophilic conditions by Shewanella decolorationis S12. Although the highest decolorizing rate was measured under anaerobic condition and the highest biomass was obtained under
aerobic condition, a further biodegradation of decolorizing products can only be achieved under microaerophilic conditions.
Under microaerophilic conditions, S. decolorationis S12 could use a range of carbon sources for azo dye decolorization, including lactate, formate, glucose and sucrose, with
lactate being the optimal carbon source. Sulfonated aromatic amines were not detected during the biotransformation of Fast
Acid Red GR, while H2S formed. The decolorizing products, aniline, 1,4-diaminobenzene and 1-amino-2-naphthol, were followed by complete biodegradation
through catechol and 4-aminobenzoic acid based on the analysis results of GC-MS and HPLC. 相似文献
16.
Pratibha Patil Neetin Desai Sanjay Govindwar Jyoti Prafulla Jadhav Vishwas Bapat 《Planta》2009,230(4):725-735
Tagetes patula L. (Marigold) hairy roots were selected among few hairy root cultures from other plants tested for the decolorization of
Reactive Red 198. Hairy roots of Tagetes were able to remove dye concentrations up to 110 mg L−l and could be successively used at least for five consecutive decolorization cycles. The hairy roots of Tagetes decolorized six different dyes, viz. Golden Yellow HER, Methyl Orange, Orange M2RL, Navy Blue HE2R, Reactive Red M5B and
Reactive Red 198. Significant induction of the activity of biotransformation enzymes indicated their crucial role in the dye
metabolism. UV–vis spectroscopy, HPLC and FTIR spectroscopy analyses confirmed the degradation of Reactive Red 198. A possible
pathway for the biodegradation of Reactive Red 198 has been proposed with the help of GC–MS and metabolites identified as
2-aminonaphthol, p-aminovinylsulfone ethyl disulfate and 1-aminotriazine, 3-pyridine sulfonic acid. The phytotoxicity study demonstrated the
non-toxic nature of the extracted metabolites. The use of such hairy root cultures with a high ability for bioremediation
of dyes is discussed. 相似文献
17.
The objective of this paper was to study the potential for bioremoval of a textile dye, Reactive Red 198 (RR198), by a fungus
isolated from soil collected from an effluent disposal area near a textile company. The fungus was identified as Aspergillus flavus, and its use as a low-cost live-cell biomass for the biodegradation of RR198 from contaminated water was investigated using
batch studies. The effects of time, dye concentration, and pH as variable factors were examined in the process. Results showed
that bioremoval of RR198 by A. flavus increased to over 84.96% with increasing time until equilibrium was reached after a period of 24 h. A low pH was the most
effective, as were lower levels of dye concentration. The decolorization was determined by the decrease in the absorption
maximums of this dye by UV–visible spectroscopy. A. flavus was shown to be an efficient fungus for removal of RR198 from wastewater. 相似文献
18.
Lu L Zhao M Zhang BB Yu SY Bian XJ Wang W Wang Y 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2007,74(6):1232-1239
The white rot fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus produced high amount of laccase in the basal liquid medium without induction. Laccase was purified using ultrafiltration,
anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The molecular weight of the purified laccase was estimated as 61.4 kDa
by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme oxidized typical substrates of laccases including
2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and syringaldazine. The optimum pH and temperature for the purified
laccase were 3.0 and 65°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 40°C, and high laccase activity was maintained at pH 2.0–5.0.
Sodium azide, l-cysteine, and dithiothreitol strongly inhibited the laccase activity. The purified enzyme efficiently decolorized Remazol
Brilliant Blue R in the absence of added redox mediators. The high production of P. sanguineus laccase as well as its decolorization ability demonstrated its potential applications in dye decolorization. 相似文献
19.
Ramida Yuwadee Watanapokasin Anantabhathra Boonyakamol Supawadee Sukseree Aungkana Krajarng Thanet Sophonnithiprasert Sungwan Kanso Tsuyoshi Imai 《Biodegradation》2009,20(3):411-418
Anaerobic biodegradability of wastewater (3,000 mg CODcr/l) containing 300 mg/l Reactive Blue 4, with different co-substrates,
glucose, butyrate and propionate by a bacterial consortium of Salmonella subterranea and Paenibacillus polymyxa, concomitantly with hydrogen production was investigated at 35°C. The accumulative hydrogen production at 3,067 mg CODcr/l
was obtained after 7 days of incubation with glucose, sludge, the bacterial consortium. The volatile fatty acids, residual
glucose and the total organic carbon were correlated to hydrogen obtained. Interestingly, the bacterial consortium possess
decolorization ability showing approximately 24% dye removal after 24 h incubation using glucose as a co-substrate, which
was about two and eight times those of butyrate (10%), propionate (12%) and control (3%), respectively. RB4 decolorization
occurred through acidogenesis, as high volatile fatty acids but low methane was detected. The bacterial consortium will be
the bacterial strains of interest for further decolorization and hydrogen production of industrial waste water. 相似文献
20.
Decolorization of Acid red 151 by Aspergillus niger SA1 under different physicochemical conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Naeem Ali Ikramullah Ghosia Lutfullah Abdul Hameed Safia Ahmed 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(7):1099-1105
The fungal strain A. niger SA1 isolated from textile wastewater pond proved to be an important source of remediation (decolorization/degradation) for
textile dye, AR 151 (Reactive diazo dye) under different physicochemical conditions. Decolorization assays of AR 151 were
carried out in Simulated textile effluent under shake flask condition for 8 days. Decolorization (at 20 mg l−1 of dye) and related biomass production overall decreased with increase in pH from 5 to 9, at 30°C. It was maximum (95.71%)
at pH 5 with highest amount of three residual products (36.91 (α-naphthol = 5.72) (sulfanilic acid = 24.81) (aniline = 6.38))
besides 2.05 mg ml−1 of biomass production at an optimum concentration 6 and 0.1 mg l−1 of glucose and urea respectively. The formation of the three products followed a quite different pattern at different pH
values, however, it was considerably low (Total = 2.81 mg l−1) compared to the amount of decolorization (67.26%) at pH 8. Decolorization (95–97%) was most favored under mesophilic temperature
(25–45°C). It increased i.e., 90–98% with subsequent increase in dye from 10 to 100 mg l−1, kept ≥50% below 400 mg l−1 and drastically declined to 17% at 500 mg l−1 of dye. Apparently, decolorization is found to be associated with fungal growth and hyphal uptake mechanism (Biosorption/Bioadsorption),
however, mineralization of AR 151 and related products under different operational conditions also suggested a metabolically
mediated decolorization/degradation. 相似文献