温度对中华鳖卵孵化和胚胎发育的影响

在25℃,27．5℃,30℃,32．5℃和35℃条件下,分别研究了中华鳖（Trionyx sinensis)卵的孵化和胚胎的发育。卵黄和卵壳的湿重分别占卵重的85．10％和14．90％,含水量分别为76．63％和21．01％。中华鳖胚胎重随孵化时间呈逻辑斯谛曲线增长,孵化温度越高,胚胎发育速度r越大。25℃－30℃的胚胎发育仅表现为‘S’型生长曲线的前,中段,在孵化后期发育速度未受到明显的抑制,32．5℃和35℃温度条件下,后期发育速度受到了较大的影响。孵出稚鳖湿重和干重均与初始孵重存在极显著的经性相关关系。孵化温度对孵出稚鳖湿重没有显著影响,但对孵出稚鳖干重的影响极显著。随孵化温度的升高,孵出稚鳖干重吾‘U’形变化,在适中温度下,胚胎的生长效率最低。卵黄干重随孵化时间呈指数递减,温度越高,孵黄的利用速度越快。在孵化过程中,卵重,卵干重和卵内水总量都随孵化时间的延长,孵化温度的上升而略有下降。孵化期随温度升高呈双曲线缩短,其相关关系可用方程I＝30．6＋109／（T－22．5）来表示。中华鳖卵的最适孵化温度在32．5℃左右,胚胎孵化后期比早期对温度的需求可能要低一些。     

Oviposition behavior of adult female Apolygus lucorum

本文观察记录了绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür)雌性成虫的产卵行为,并研究了其产卵习性.结果发现,绿盲蝽卵主要产在植物组织中,单次产卵平均历时31.4s;产卵主要在夜间进行,白天的产卵量仅占全天的6.6％.成虫交配后主要产可育卵,后期偶产不育卵;而未交配个体大部分能产不育卵.在25℃下,成虫从7日龄起开始产卵,16日龄前产卵量占总产卵量的48.9％;17-40日龄间产卵量约占40％.在棉株上,约65％卵分布在中部(第4到第7果枝),同时94.3％卵集中在叶柄、叶脉、蕾柄和铃柄上.     

Spatial distribution pattern of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker (Blattaria:Polyphagidae) and the effects of soil properties on its survival

为了明确中华真地鳖Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker在自然界的分布及土壤性质对其存活的影响,运用森下氏分散指数( Morisita's index of dispersion)研究了中华真地鳖种群空间格局;测试了4种不同土壤含水量(16％～29％)条件下中华真地鳖的卵孵化率与若虫存活率,还测试了以野外不同来源土壤(山脚栖息土、堆肥、菜园土、蘑菇料发酵土和黄砂红壤土)饲养时中华真地鳖若虫的存活率.结果表明,中华真地鳖若虫在室外为聚集分布,成虫为均匀分布,从地面到40 cm的土壤深度都分布有中华真地鳖.土壤初始含水量21％和24％的卵孵化率最高,其他含水量的卵孵化率均显著较低(P＜0.05),土壤初始含水量29％时的若虫存活率最低.堆肥、山脚栖息土更适合中华真地鳖生存.结果可为该虫的采集、饲养和深入研究提供科学的依据.     

中华鳖生化组成的分析

本语文对中华鳖的稚鳖、一龄鳖、二龄鳖和三龄鳖的肌肉、背甲、裙边和油脂块等不同部位中的水分、灰分、蛋白南含量、脂含量及其肌肉中的脂肪酸的组成进行了分析,结果表明;中华鳖的肌肉、裙边和背甲中的蛋白质的含量高达１８．３３－２３．４４％,脂肪含量较低。肌肉中高度不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪酸总量的３２．６９％,ＤＨＡ与ＥＰＡ分别占脂肪酸总量的８．３０％和６．９７％左右。本研究在分析与比较的基础上评价了中华鳖的营     

中华鳖人工孵化的研究

试验采用四种孵化方式：自然孵化、人工孵化箱孵化、恒温水溶箱孵化、调温调湿箱孵化。从孵化方式、温度、鳖卵的大小及放置方位等不同因素对其孵化的影响进行了研究。结果表明：温度在孵化过程中，对孵化期的长短起着重要的作用鳖卵孵化最适宜温度为３０－３１℃左右；卵正放的孵化率＞和的孵化率＞倒放的孵化率；卵子的卵径和卵重直接影响着孵出稚鳖的大小。     

中华鳖生化组成的分析：Ⅲ.肌肉氨基酸的组成

对中华鳖的稚鳖、一龄鳖、二龄鳖和三龄鳖肌肉中的氨基酸的组成进行了分析,结果表明：肌肉中必需氨基酸的含量约占氨基酸总量的４９．４８％,谷氨酸的含量很高,为氨基酸总量的１５％以上。在分析与比较的基础上评价了中华鳖在氨基酸方面的营养价值,为中华鳖配合饲料的开发提出了理论上的依据。     

人工代饲料饲养螳螂试验

<正> 本地区常见的螳螂有三种:即广腹螳螂Hierodula patellifera serville约占85％左右。薄翅螳螂Mantis religiosa Linnaeus约占10％左右。大刀螂Paratenodera aridifolia Stoll约占5％左右。我县向阳公社双垄生防站从1979年开始,对螳螂的人工代饲料饲养进行了研究。先后配制62种人工代饲料。已初步筛选出既能育虫又能使成虫产卵的4种配方人工代饲料。1979年利用自然采集的卵囊,用人工代饲料饲养若虫、成虫,得到卵囊697块。1980年继续用人工代饲料饲养,得到卵囊1,360块。现将人工代饲料饲养螳螂的方法介绍如下。     

铁传递蛋白

铁传递蛋白(Transferrin,TF)在维持生物体生命活动所必需的微量元素铁代谢中具有特殊作用。它存在于脊椎动物体液和细胞中;在血液中约占0.3％,称为血清铁传递蛋白(Serotransferrin,Sero-TF);乳、泪腺分泌液中存在着乳铁传递蛋白(Lactotransferrin,LactoTF);鸟类蛋中发现有卵铁传递蛋白(Ovotransferrin,Ovo-TF)。TF的主要功能是作为铁的载体,运载铁供网织红细胞进行血红蛋白的     

重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子包涵体提取、复性和纯化的研究

由基因工程大肠杆菌表达的重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM—CSF)以包涵体的形式存在于细胞中,通过破菌、洗涤获得包涵体．再经过溶解、凝胶过滤、复性、疏水和离子交换柱层析得到了均一的产品,经高压液相和SDSPAGE电泳测定纯度均大于98％,rhGM—CSF的比活为3．2×10⁷IU／mg,纯化获得的rhGM—CSF为一酸性蛋白,等电点约为5．2,NH₂-末端前20个氪基酸序列测定结果与文献报道一致。rbGM—CSF的NH2-末端不均一．其中带Met的分子约占59．5％,第一个氨基酸为Ala的分子约占24．6％,为Pfo的分子约占14．6％。纯化过程中蛋白的纯化倍数为3．9,生物活性总得率为69．1％,工艺重复性好,易放大。     

离子交换色谱法对大肠杆菌表达的人重组骨形态发生蛋白-7的纯化

重组大肠杆菌高量表达重组人骨形态发生蛋白-7(rhBMP-7),每升培养液约得到湿菌体3g,其中目的蛋白约占菌体总蛋白量的40％。裂解离心,用低浓度变性剂洗涤初步纯化包涵体,上清中无目的蛋白损失;将包涵体溶解于高浓度变性剂溶液中,目的蛋白纯度提高到60％;然后在不同条件下用离子交换色谱法对变性状态下的蛋白质进行纯化,绝大部分杂蛋白被除去,目的蛋白纯度达95％以上;改变条件,可以减少rhBMP-7损失;用Western blot对目的蛋白进行特异性鉴定。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism