利用RAPD分子标记评价仲彬草属的种间关系

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术分析了14种仲彬草属Kengyilia植物的种间关系。对34个OPRON公司十聚体随机引物进行多态性筛选,20个(58．8％)能产生多态性。14个引物产生的112个DNA片断,用于计算种间Jaccard遗传相似性系数分析,在NTSYS程序中利用UPGMA构建系统发育树状图。分析结果表明：(1)14个Kengyilia物种存在较大的遗传多样性;(2)青藏高原的物种与新疆的物种 的RAPD变异极大;(3)形态相似、地理分布一致的物种有一定的亲缘关系,聚类在一起;(4)RAPD结果与形态学和细胞学等分析结果一致。RAPD分析方法将为Kengyilia系统分类提供DNA水平上丰富的资料。     

基于ITS序列分析仲彬草属植物的亲缘关系

以旱雀麦为外类群,用PAUP 4.0b10软件并采用最大简约法和邻接法对11份仲彬草属物种的ITS区序列进行系统发育分析,两种方法得到的系统发育树基本一致。结果表明:(1)整个ITS序列长度变异范围为596~601 bp;G C含量在所有ITS中的变化范围为61.20%~62.44%;序列间的遗传分化距离为0.003~0.033,平均值为0.015;(2)疏花仲彬草和塔克拉干仲彬草2个物种聚为一支,位于系统发育树的底部,在最大简约法和邻接法分析中分别获得78%和82%的自展支持率,它们之间的亲缘关系较近;(3)形态相似、地理分布一致的物种有聚在一起的倾向,表现出较近的亲缘关系;(4)ITS区序列分析的结果与细胞学、形态学的研究结果基本一致,因此ITS区序列分析能反映仲彬草属种间关系。     

仲彬草属5种植物的核型研究

本文对我国西部高原仲彬草属Ｋｅｎｇｙｉｌｉａ５种植物的核型进行了分析。它们的染色体数目均为２ｎ＝４２,六倍体。核型是：糙毛鹅观草Ｋ．ｈｉｒｓｕｔａ,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３６６＋６ｓｍ;青海鹅观草Ｋ．ｋｏｋｏｎｏｒｉｃａ,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３６ｍ＋６ｓｍ：黑药鹅观草Ｋ．ｍｅｌａｎｔｈｅｒａ,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３８ｍ＋４ｓｍ;硬秆鹅观草Ｋ．ｒｉｇｉｄｕｌａ,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３８ｍ＋４ｓｍ;窄颖鹅观草Ｋ．ｓｔｅｎａｃｈｙｒａ,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３８ｍ＋４ｓｍ。它们的核型属于１Ｂ或２Ｂ型。染色体中均未发现随体。     

仲彬草属八个物种的核型

报道了仲彬草属 (KengyiliaYenetJ .L .Yang) 8个物种的核型 ,其中 4个种的核型为首次报道。核型公式是 :阿勒泰仲彬草K alatavica ,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;长颖仲彬草K longiglumis,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;大颖仲彬草K grandiglumis,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;窄颖仲彬草K stenachyra ,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;喀什仲彬草K kasgarica ,2n =6x =4 2 =32m 10sm ;梭罗仲彬草K thoroldiana ,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;黑药仲彬草K melanthera ,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;矮生仲彬草K nana ,2n =6x =4 2 =34m 8sm。它们的核型属于 1B或 2B型 ,染色体中均未发现随体     

仲彬草属八个物种的核型

报道了仲彬草属(Kengyilia Yen et J.L.Yang)8个物种的核型,其中4个种的核型为首次报道。核型公式是：阿勒泰仲彬草Kalatavica,2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;长颖仲彬草Klongiglumis,2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;大颖仲彬草Kgrandiglumis,2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;窄颖仲彬草Kstenachyra,2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;喀什仲彬草Kkasgarica,2n=6x=42=32m+10sm;梭罗仲彬草Kthoroldiana,2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;黑药仲彬草Kmelanthera,2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;矮生仲彬草Knana,2n=6x=42=34m+8sm。它们的核型属于1B或2B型,染色体中均未发现随体。     

仲彬草属和鹅观草属几个种的核型研究

本文报道了仲彬草属2个种和鹅观草属3个种的核型,其核型均为首次报道。结果如下： Roegneria nutans,2n=4x=28=26m+2sm;R．abolinii,2n=4x=28=24m+4sm．R．aristiglumis, 2n=6x=42=32m+1Osm(2sat);Kengyilia tahelacana,2n=6x=42=36m(2sat)+6sm(2sat);K． zhoasuensis,2n=6x=42=34m(4sat)+8sm．根据核型特征,K．tahelacana和K．zhoasuensis两个六位体种归入K.engyilia属是正确的。     

青海仲彬草和黑药仲彬草的生物系统学研究

黑药仲彬草Kengyilia melanthera(Keng)J．L. Yang,Yen et Baum和青海仲彬草K．kokonorica (Keng)J.L．Yang,Yen et Baum是分布于我国西部的两种多年生六倍体植物。将其分别与鹅观草 Roegneria kamoji Ohwi(2n=42,StStHHYY)、糙毛仲彬草K．hirsuta(Keng)J．L. Yang,Yen et Baum (2n=42,PPStStYY)进行了杂交;对亲本及杂种F_l代花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I染色体配对行为进行 了观察。杂种F1减数分裂染色体配对平均构型分别为：R．kamoji×K．melanthera,18.201+11.74 Ⅱ 十0.09Ⅲ十0.01V;K．hirsuta×K．melanthera,1.06Ⅰ十20.47Ⅱ;R．kamoji×K．kokonori- ca,19.36Ⅰ十11.26Ⅱ十0.04Ⅲ;K．hirsuta×K．kokonorica,2.46Ⅰ十19.44Ⅱ 十0.14Ⅲ十0.06 Ⅳ。根据以上结果,并结合形态特征,将黑药仲彬草和青海仲彬草从鹅观草属拟冰草组Roegneria sect．Paragropyron Keng中组合到仲彬草属Kengyilia Yen et Yang更为恰当,而不应划分到披碱草属E-lymus L．或偃麦草属Elytrigia Desv．中。     

小麦族鹅观草属、披碱草属、猬草属和仲彬草属细胞质基因组PCR-RFLP分析

对鹅观草属、披碱草属、猬草属和仲彬草属23个物种和1份外类群共24份材料进行了细胞质基因组PCR-RFLP分析。3个叶绿体和3个线粒体通用引物扩增出的片段,用15种限制性内切酶对其进行酶切。在47种引物/酶组合中,获得329条DNA片段,其中304条具有多态性,占92.4%。结果表明鹅观草属、披碱草属、猬草属和仲彬草属材料存在属间和种间多态性,遗传相似系数较高。聚类分析显示仲彬草属单独聚为一类,鹅观草属R. grandis、R. aristiglumis、R. elytrigioides、R. alashanica、R. magnicaespes聚为一类,R. caucasica、R. ciliaris、R. amurensis、R. japonensis聚在一起,5个披碱草属材料、3个猬草属材料和1个鹅观草属物种R. kamoji聚为一类。这些结果与前人对其进行的RAPD和RAMP分析的结果基本一致。仲彬草属作为属分类等级处理是恰当的,对于鹅观草属、披碱草属和猬草属的系统地位和一些物种的分类处理,有待进一步研究。     

10份续断属植物亲缘关系的ISSR分析（英文）

续断属(Dipsacus L.)植物是中国续断科(Dipsacaceae)传统中药材,但属下种间亲缘关系仍存在不准确性鉴定。本研究拟采用10条多态性较高的ISSR(Inter-simple sequence repeat)标记从分子水平研究10份续断属植物的分类和种间亲缘关系,为该属植物的科学分类提供资料。从100条ISSR引物中筛选出多态性较高的10条,对10份续断材料进行PCR扩增,共扩增出947条DNA带,其中多态性条带828条,平均多态性条带百分率为87.4%,表明续断属植物具有丰富的遗传变异。遗传相似系数变化范围在0.557~0.806,平均为0.661。聚类分析结果表明,10份续断在相似系数水平0.582处可分为2个大类,进一步在0.702又可分为5个小类群。第1大类群包括3个小类群,第1小类群包括4分大理续断[DL(L),DL(W),DL(H),DL(WS)],第2小类群包括日本续断(RB)和恩施续断(ES),第3小类群包括2份川续断[C(J)和C(D)],这表明小类群间品系亲缘关系比较近,基因交流比较频繁;第2大类群包括大头续断(DT)和深紫续断(SZ),两者遗传距离较远,分别构成另外两个小类群。主成份分析与聚类分析所得的结果基本一致。研究结果还发现日本续断(RB)和恩施续断(ES)两者亲缘关系较近(0.210 1),且两者的地理分布有较大的重叠,可能两者基因交流比较频繁,由于环境的不同形态上稍有差异。推测恩施续断可能为日本续断的一个变种,当然这还需要进一步深入研究。     

秋海棠属植物种质亲缘关系的ISSR分析

应用ISSR标记方法对秋海棠属(Begonia L.)植物33个种的种质亲缘关系进行分析,从70条引物中筛选出13个多态性引物,并通过POPgen 32软件以UPGMA法分析其亲缘关系。结果表明:33份秋海棠属植物的遗传距离在0.188 9～0.932 8之间,多态性百分率达到97.54%,Shannon信息指数为0.551 9,Nei基因多样性指数为0.376 0。秋海棠属植物具有丰富的遗传变异,UPGMA聚类分析结果与现有属下分类学表现较为一致,且生态地理条件相似的种群优先聚集。     

Genetic variation of the genus Kengyilia by ISSR markers

We investigated the genetic variation within 32 accessions distributed to 14 species and one variety by using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers.The results showed that genetic variation was relatively higher among the accessions.A total of 593 bands were amplified by 12 ISSR primers,of which 535 bands (90.2%) were polymorphic.Eleven to 80 polymorphie bands were amplified from each prime,with an average of 44.6 bands.The interspecies GS (genetic similarity)value ranged from 0.430 to 0.866,and the average was 0.620.Cluster analysis showed that all accessions could be classified into 4 groups by ISSR markers.The different accessions in a species were clustered together,but they had genetic variation in molecular levels.There was obvious interspecies genetic variation.Species with similar morphological characteristics and from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together and had close relationships.ISSR markers are useful in analyzing interspecies variation in Kengyilia.     

Genetic variation of the genus Kengyilia by ISSR markers

We investigated the genetic variation within 32 accessions distributed to 14 species and one variety by using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers. The results showed that genetic variation was relatively higher among the accessions. A total of 593 bands were amplified by 12 ISSR primers, of which 535 bands (90.2%) were polymorphic. Eleven to 80 polymorphic bands were amplified from each prime, with an average of 44.6 bands. The interspecies GS (genetic similarity) value ranged from 0.430 to 0.866, and the average was 0.620. Cluster analysis showed that all accessions could be classified into 4 groups by ISSR markers. The different accessions in a species were clustered together, but they had genetic variation in molecular levels. There was obvious interspecies genetic variation. Species with similar morphological characteristics and from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together and had close relationships. ISSR markers are useful in analyzing interspecies variation in Kengyilia. __________ Translated from Guihaia, 2006, 26 (4): 375–380 [译自: 广西植物]     

Relationships among Kengyilia species assessed by RAPD markers

To assess the interspecific relationships in Kengyilia, fourteen species of Kengyilia were used for RAPD assay. Of the 34 random primers tested, twenty (58.8%) produced polymorphic products. A total of 112 products amplified from 14 primers were selected for RAPD analysis. Eighty-three (74.1%) amplified products were found to be polymorphic among 14 species. Data were used to generate Jaccard's similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram using UPGMA in the NTSYS computer programs. It is concluded from this study that: (1) There was great genetic diversity among the 14 species of Kengyilia; (2) Distinct RAPD variations existed between the species from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and those from Xinjiang; (3) The species with similar morphological characters and the species from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together; (4) RAPD results are comparable with those obtained from studies on morphology and cytology. 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野生罗汉果遗传多样性的ISSR分析

应用ISSR分子标记方法对采自广西和广东的7个罗汉果（Siraitia grosvenorii）野生居群共130个个体进行了遗传多样性分析。15个ISSR引物共扩增到了111个位点,其中91个是多态性位点,占82.0%。Nei′s基因多样性指数(H_e)为 0.248,Shannon 信息多样性指数（I） 为0.354。罗汉果不同居群的遗传多样性水平差异较大,居群多态位点百分率在 28.2%－55.6%之间,Nei′s基因多样性指数为0.080－0.209,Shannon 信息多样性指数为0.123－0.310。永福居群（YF）和金秀居群（JX）的遗传多样性水平较高,其周边居群的遗传多样性水平逐渐降低,居群间产生了较大的遗传分化（G_st = 0.569）。居群间的遗传距离与地理距离相关性不明显（r =0.369,P = 0.115）。UPGMA聚类图中,7个居群的个体按居群各自聚在一起。     

Genetic variation in five Mediterranean populations of Juniperus phoenicea as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The assessment of the genetic variability and the identification of isolated populations within a given species represent important information to plan conservation strategies on a genetic basis. In this work, the genetic variability in five natural populations of Juniperus phoenicea, three from Sardinia, one from Cyprus and the last one in the Maritime Alps was analysed by means of ISSRs, on the hypothesis that the latter could have been a refugial one during the last glaciation. METHODS: ISSRs were chosen because of their ability to detect variation without any prior sequence information. The use of three primers yielded 45 reproducible, polymorphic bands, which were utilized to estimate the basic parameters of genetic variability and diversity. KEY RESULTS: All of the populations analysed harboured an adequate amount of genetic variability, with H(S) = 0.1299. The proportion of genetic diversity between populations has been estimated by G(ST) = 0.12. The three Sardinian populations are separated, as tested by AMOVA, from the Cyprus and the continental ones. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that geographical isolation has represented a major barrier to gene flow in Juniperus phoenicea. This work represents a first step towards a full genetic characterization of a conifer from the Mediterranean, a world biodiversity hotspot confronted with climate change, and thus contributes towards the planning of genetics-informed conservation strategies.     

Molecular variation and fingerprinting of Leucadendron cultivars (Proteaceae) by ISSR markers

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There are more than 80 species of Leucadendron and most are used as cut flowers. Currently, more than 100 cultivars are used by industry and many of them are interspecific hybrids. The origin of most cultivars is unclear and their genetic diversity and relationships have not been studied. This investigation was carried out to evaluate the genetic variation and relationships among 30 Leucadendron cultivars. METHODS: ISSR markers were applied to determine the genetic variation and to discriminate Leucadendron cultivars. Sixty-four ISSR primers were screened and 25 primers were selected for their ability to produce clear and reproducible patterns of multiple bands. KEY RESULTS: A total of 584 bands of 305-2400 bp were amplified, of which 97 % were polymorphic. A dendrogram generated using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average based on a distance measure of total character difference showed that the Leucadendron cultivars clustered into two main groups. Twenty-four of the 30 cultivars can be unequivocally differentiated, but identical profiles were observed for three cultivar pairs, 'Katie's Blush' and 'Silvan Red', 'Highlights' and 'Maui Sunset', and 'Yellow Crest' and 'Yellow Devil'. CONCLUSIONS: ISSR profiling is a powerful method for the identification and molecular classification of Leucadendron cultivars. A fingerprinting key was generated based on the banding patterns produced using two ISSR primers (UBC856 and UBC857). In addition cultivar-specific ISSR bands were obtained for 17 of the 30 Leucadendron cultivars tested.     

Assessment of the genetic diversity and genetic relationships of Lilium in China using ISSR markers

China is a center of natural distribution and diversity of genus Lilium around the world. In the study, the genetic diversity and genetic relationships of Lilium in China were analyzed by inter-simple sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. The 6 highly polymorphic ISSR primers were selected to amplify the 20 Lilium species. The results showed that a total of 114 DNA bands were amplified, all of which were polymorphic loci (P = 100%), the effective number of alleles (Ne) was 1.2753, and the difference value between observed number of alleles (Na) and effective number of alleles (Ne) was 0.7247, and the Nei's genetic diversity (H) was 0.2048, and the Shannon's information index (I) was 0.3503. These results indicated that there is significant genetic difference among Lilium species in China. Taking the average genetic similarity coefficient (Gs) 0.5313 as the threshold, the 20 tested Lilium species were clustered into 5 groups, which was not entirely consistent with traditional clustering by morphological traits. The results obtained from this study can provide a reference for the molecular study of Lilium germplasm resources.     

基于ISSR遗传多样性分析的云南蓝果树保护措施探索

保存种群的遗传多样性和进化潜力是成功拯救保护濒危物种的关键。云南蓝果树(Nyssa yunnanensis W.C.Yin)是国家I级重点保护的极度濒危野生植物,也是国家实施极小种群野生植物保护工程的目的物种。为了制定针对性的保护措施,采用ISSR分子标记方法对64株极度濒危物种云南蓝果树子代个体进行遗传多样性分析。从100条引物中筛选出12条ISSR引物,共扩增出77个稳定、清晰的条带。其中58个为多态性条带,物种水平上的多态性条带百分率(PPL)变动范围为50.00%~87.50%,平均值为(74.65±0.01)%;等位基因观察值(Na)为1.7532;有效等位基因观察值(Ne)为1.5804;Nei's基因多样性指数(He)为0.3206,多态性信息含量指数(PIC)变动范围为0.15~0.44,平均值为0.27±0.01;Shannon's遗传多样性信息指数(I)随着样本数的增加而升高,但当样本数达到24及以上时,Shannon's指数的数值基本不再变化。基于遗传多样性分析结果,从地质历史原因和人为干扰因素等方面对云南蓝果树的濒危机制进行了探析,并提出了有针对性的云南蓝果树保护措施。     

用GGE双标图分析甘蔗品种性状稳定性及试点代表性

算术平均法经常被用于评估甘蔗品种产量的稳定性和适应性,并用方差分析来估计区域试验的试验误差.然而,地点和年份的差异使品种的差异难以得到准确评估.为客观评价甘蔗品种的稳定性和适应性,本研究采用GGE双标图对2008-2009年我国甘蔗区域试验5个试点中的7个甘蔗品种试验数据进行分析.结果表明： 福农30号为蔗茎产量高且稳产性高的品种,粤甘18号为含糖量高且性状稳定的品种,福农28号和云蔗99 91为高蔗糖分且性状稳定的品种,粤甘16号的蔗茎产量和含糖量最高,但稳定性一般;在各试点中,福建漳州和广东遂溪的代表性和鉴别力较强.GGE双标图分析为客观评价甘蔗参试品种的丰产性和稳定性提供了直观、有效的手段,为甘蔗新品种的鉴定与推广提供了科学依据.