共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Roberto Weigert Monika Sramkova Laura Parente Panomwat Amornphimoltham Andrius Masedunskas 《Histochemistry and cell biology》2010,133(5):481-491
Intravital microscopy encompasses various optical microscopy techniques aimed at visualizing biological processes in live
animals. In the last decade, the development of non-linear optical microscopy resulted in an enormous increase of in vivo
studies, which have addressed key biological questions in fields such as neurobiology, immunology and tumor biology. Recently,
few studies have shown that subcellular processes can be imaged dynamically in the live animal at a resolution comparable
to that achieved in cell cultures, providing new opportunities to study cell biology under physiological conditions. The overall
aim of this review is to give the reader a general idea of the potential applications of intravital microscopy with a particular
emphasis on subcellular imaging. An overview of some of the most exciting studies in this field will be presented using resolution
as a main organizing criterion. Indeed, first we will focus on those studies in which organs were imaged at the tissue level,
then on those focusing on single cells imaging, and finally on those imaging subcellular organelles and structures. 相似文献
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3.
Christian Eggeling Katrin I. Willig Francisco J. Barrantes 《Journal of neurochemistry》2013,126(2):203-212
Recent developments in fluorescence far‐field microscopy such as STED microscopy have accomplished observation of the living cell with a spatial resolution far below the diffraction limit. Here, we briefly review the current approaches to super‐resolution optical microscopy and present the implementation of STED microscopy for novel insights into live cell mechanisms, with a focus on neurobiology and plasma membrane dynamics. 相似文献
4.
Construction of implantable optical fibers for long-term optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits
Sparta DR Stamatakis AM Phillips JL Hovelsø N van Zessen R Stuber GD 《Nature protocols》2012,7(1):12-23
In vivo optogenetic strategies have redefined our ability to assay how neural circuits govern behavior. Although acutely implanted optical fibers have previously been used in such studies, long-term control over neuronal activity has been largely unachievable. Here we describe a method to construct implantable optical fibers to readily manipulate neural circuit elements with minimal tissue damage or change in light output over time (weeks to months). Implanted optical fibers readily interface with in vivo electrophysiological arrays or electrochemical detection electrodes. The procedure described here, from implant construction to the start of behavioral experimentation, can be completed in approximately 2-6 weeks. Successful use of implantable optical fibers will allow for long-term control of mammalian neural circuits in vivo, which is integral to the study of the neurobiology of behavior. 相似文献
5.
A convergence of advances in optical methods and a better understanding of the genetics of development promise to revolutionize the study of neuronal circuits and their links to behavior. One of the great challenges in systems neurobiology has been to monitor and perturb activity in populations of identified neurons in vivo. Recent work has begun to achieve this goal through a combination of modern imaging methods with genetic labeling and perturbation. 相似文献
6.
Morris RG 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2003,358(1432):643-647
The discovery of long-term potentiation (LTP) transformed research on the neurobiology of learning and memory. This did not happen overnight, but the discovery of an experimentally demonstrable phenomenon reflecting activity-driven neuronal and synaptic plasticity changed discussions about what might underlie learning from speculation into something much more concrete. Equally, however, the relationship between the discovery of LTP and research on the neurobiology of learning and memory has been reciprocal; for it is also true that studies of the psychological, anatomical and neurochemical basis of memory provided a developing and critical intellectual context for the physiological discovery. The emerging concept of multiple memory systems, from 1970 onwards, paved the way for the development of new behavioural and cognitive tasks, including the watermaze described in this paper. The use of this task in turn provided key evidence that pharmacological interference with an LTP induction mechanism would also interfere with learning, a finding that was by no means a foregone conclusion. This reciprocal relationship between studies of LTP and the neurobiology of memory helped the physiological phenomenon to be recognized as a major discovery. 相似文献
7.
Saggau P 《Current opinion in neurobiology》2006,16(5):543-550
Advanced optical imaging techniques used in neurobiology commonly employ fluorescent molecules for studying the structure and function of neural tissue. To obtain adequate spatio-temporal resolution, sophisticated scanning schemes are used to manage the excitation light going to and emission light coming from objects under observation. Although the fundamental principles of these techniques remain the same, such as scanning point illumination and point detection for confocal imaging, their physical implementation is the subject of technological advance, for example, the advent of inertia-free discontinuous scanning schemes. In general, the aims of these technological advances are to improve the spatio-temporal resolution of and/or reduce potential photodamage caused by optical imaging in live neural tissue. The number of recent advances in scanning methods indicates their increasing importance in imaging techniques. 相似文献
8.
A key question in developmental neurobiology is how the diversity of cell types that make up the mature nervous system are generated from a common set of progenitor cells. Drosophila genes governing temporal cell fate determination and asymmetric cell divisions involving numb may represent evolutionarily conserved mechanisms for regulating cell fate diversification in the developing nervous system. 相似文献
9.
Zebrafish became a model of choice for neurobiology because of the transparency of its brain and because of its amenability to genetic manipulation. In particular, at early stages of development the intact larva is an ideal system to apply optical techniques for deep imaging in the nervous system, as well as genetically encoded tools for targeting subsets of neurons and monitoring and manipulating their activity. For these applications,new genetically encoded optical tools, fluorescent sensors, and light-gated channels have been generated,creating the field of \optogenetics." It is now possible to monitor and control neuronal activity with minimal perturbation and unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution.We describe here the main achievements that have occurred in the last decade in imaging and manipulating neuronal activity in intact zebrafish larvae. We provide also examples of functional dissection of neuronal circuits achieved with the applications of these techniques in the visual and locomotor systems. 相似文献
10.
Developmental neurobiology has been greatly invigorated by a recent string of breakthroughs in molecular biology and optical physics that permit direct in vivo observation of neural circuit assembly. The imaging done thus far suggests that as brains are built, a significant amount of unbuilding is also occurring. We offer the view that this tumult is the result of the intersecting behaviors of the many single-celled creatures (i.e., neurons, glia, and progenitors) that inhabit brains. New tools will certainly be needed if we wish to monitor the myriad cooperative and competitive interactions at play in the cellular society that builds brains. 相似文献
11.
Memory. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
R F Thompson 《Current opinion in neurobiology》1992,2(2):203-208
The key interrelated issues in the neurobiology of memory are to identify the neural circuitries essential for memory formation, localize sites of memory storage and analyze mechanisms of memory formation, storage and retrieval. Several circuits have now been identified in vertebrates and researchers are investigating their properties, in particular the role of glutamate receptors and long-term potentiation, in memory formation. Invertebrate preparations continue to be of value and recent studies suggest that changes in gene expression and protein synthesis may be important in long-term sensitization. 相似文献
12.
《Cell calcium》2017
Regulated secretion is a fundamental cellular process that serves diverse functions in neurobiology, endocrinology, immunology, and numerous other aspects of animal physiology. In response to environmental or biological cues, cells release contents of secretory granules into an extracellular medium to communicate with or impact neighboring or distant cells through paracrine or endocrine signaling. To investigate mechanisms governing stimulus-secretion coupling, to better understand how cells maintain or regulate their secretory activity, and to characterize secretion defects in human diseases, probes for tracking various exocytotic events at the cellular or sub-cellular level have been developed over the years. This review summarizes different strategies and recent progress in developing optical probes for monitoring regulated secretion in mammalian cells. 相似文献
13.
Richard J. Bomphrey Toshiyuki Nakata Per Henningsson Huai-Ti Lin 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2016,371(1704)
This work is a synthesis of our current understanding of the mechanics, aerodynamics and visually mediated control of dragonfly and damselfly flight, with the addition of new experimental and computational data in several key areas. These are: the diversity of dragonfly wing morphologies, the aerodynamics of gliding flight, force generation in flapping flight, aerodynamic efficiency, comparative flight performance and pursuit strategies during predatory and territorial flights. New data are set in context by brief reviews covering anatomy at several scales, insect aerodynamics, neuromechanics and behaviour. We achieve a new perspective by means of a diverse range of techniques, including laser-line mapping of wing topographies, computational fluid dynamics simulations of finely detailed wing geometries, quantitative imaging using particle image velocimetry of on-wing and wake flow patterns, classical aerodynamic theory, photography in the field, infrared motion capture and multi-camera optical tracking of free flight trajectories in laboratory environments. Our comprehensive approach enables a novel synthesis of datasets and subfields that integrates many aspects of flight from the neurobiology of the compound eye, through the aeromechanical interface with the surrounding fluid, to flight performance under cruising and higher-energy behavioural modes.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight’. 相似文献
14.
Migraine is a common and complex brain disorder. Although it is clear that head pain is a key manifestation of the disorder for most patients, what drives the activation of neuronal pain pathways in susceptible patients is less obvious. There is growing evidence that migraine pathophysiology may, in part, include dysfunction of subcortical structures. These include diencephalic and brainstem nuclei that can modulate the perception of activation of the trigeminovascular system, which carries sensory information from the cranial vasculature to the brain. Dysfunction of these nuclei, and their connections to other key brain centres, may contribute to the cascade of events that results in other symptoms of migraine - such as light and sound sensitivity - thus providing a comprehensive explanation of the neurobiology of the disorder. 相似文献
15.
Sheng Peng Yan Zhang Jiannan Zhang Hua Wang Bingxu Ren 《Molecular biology reports》2011,38(1):453-460
The plasticity of the central nervous system helps form the basis for the neurobiology of learning and memory. Long-term potentiation
(LTP) is the main form of synaptic plasticity, reflecting the activity level of the synaptic information storage process,
and provides a good model to study the underlying mechanisms of learning and memory. The glutamate receptor-mediated signal
pathway plays a key role in the induction and maintenance of LTP, and hence the regulation of learning and memory. The progress
in the understanding of the glutamate receptors and related signal transduction systems in learning and memory research are
reviewed in this article. 相似文献
16.
Onians John 《International Journal of Anthropology》2003,18(4):259-264
This article discusses the relevance of recent developments in neurobiology for the study of art worldwide. It is argued that
both anthropologists and art historians can gain a better understanding of species-specific art and art practices over time
and space by broadening their vision and approaches, building on the fundamental and exciting findings concerning art in neurobiology. 相似文献
17.
Chemical genetics, or the specific modulation of cellular systems by small molecules, has complemented classical genetic analysis throughout the history of neurobiology. We outline several of its contributions to the understanding of ion channel biology, heat and cold signal transduction, sleep and diurnal rhythm regulation, effects of immunophilin ligands, and cell surface oligosaccharides with respect to neurobiology. 相似文献
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19.
Vladimir V. Pravosudov Tom V. Smulders 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2010,365(1542):859-867
Many animals regularly hoard food for future use, which appears to be an important adaptation to a seasonally and/or unpredictably changing environment. This food-hoarding paradigm is an excellent example of a natural system that has broadly influenced both theoretical and empirical work in the field of biology. The food-hoarding paradigm has played a major role in the conceptual framework of numerous fields from ecology (e.g. plant–animal interactions) and evolution (e.g. the coevolution of caching, spatial memory and the hippocampus) to psychology (e.g. memory and cognition) and neurobiology (e.g. neurogenesis and the neurobiology of learning and memory). Many food-hoarding animals retrieve caches by using spatial memory. This memory-based behavioural system has the inherent advantage of being tractable for study in both the field and laboratory and has been shaped by natural selection, which produces variation with strong fitness consequences in a variety of taxa. Thus, food hoarding is an excellent model for a highly integrative approach to understanding numerous questions across a variety of disciplines. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the complexity of animal cognition such as future planning and episodic-like-memory as well as in the relationship between memory, the environment and the brain. In addition, new breakthroughs in neurobiology have enhanced our ability to address the mechanisms underlying these behaviours. Consequently, the field is necessarily becoming more integrative by assessing behavioural questions in the context of natural ecological systems and by addressing mechanisms through neurobiology and psychology, but, importantly, within an evolutionary and ecological framework. In this issue, we aim to bring together a series of papers providing a modern synthesis of ecology, psychology, physiology and neurobiology and identifying new directions and developments in the use of food-hoarding animals as a model system. 相似文献
20.
The use of methods from contemporary nonlinear dynamics in studying neurobiology has been rather limited.Yet, nonlinear dynamics has become a practical tool for analyzing data and verifying models. This has led to productive coupling of nonlinear dynamics with experiments in neurobiology in which the neural circuits are forced with constant stimuli, with slowly varying stimuli, with periodic stimuli, and with more complex information-bearing stimuli. Analysis of these more complex stimuli of neural circuits goes to the heart of how one is to understand the encoding and transmission of information by nervous systems. 相似文献