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1.
化学诱导法——卵母细胞去核新策略   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
王强  顾玲  张涌 《生物工程学报》2003,19(6):763-766
哺乳动物体细胞克隆技术在过去的几年里取得了飞速发展 ,但是核移植的效率依然很低。于是人们不断的从各个方面进行探索 ,去核方法随之也成为其中的一个热点。但是传统的物理去核存在着技术要求高、耗费时间长、对细胞损伤大的缺点 ,作为思路转换的产物 ,一种新的卵母细胞去核技术———Deme诱导去核引起了各国科学家的广泛关注。文章着重介绍了Deme诱导去核辅助的核移植程序 ,Deme诱导去核成功率的影响因素 ,Deme诱导去核方法对卵母细胞及克隆胚胎的影响 ,并结合作者从事的研究对该方法目前存在的问题及某些环节可能的改进措施提出了看法。无论如何 ,Deme诱导去核方法的有效应用仍然需要作进一步的深入研究。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨卵母细胞减数分裂异常及其与年龄相关变化之间的关系,对不同年龄段昆明白小鼠卵母细胞进行了生发泡(GV)移植研究。应用显微操作和电融合技术,将6~8周龄小鼠GV期卵母细胞分别与6月龄9、月龄和12月龄小鼠GV期卵母细胞进行GV互换,所形成的6种GV-胞质体复合体的融合率(89.7%~95.6%)和6种重组卵母细胞的成熟率(83.5%~88.2%)并不因小鼠年龄的改变而有所变化。成熟的6种重组卵母细胞经体外受精后,形成原核期胚和2-细胞期胚的比率(分别为80.0%~87.3%和42.7%~50.9%)并不因不同年龄小鼠卵母细胞GV互换所带来的细胞质或细胞核的改变而受到影响。  相似文献   

3.
以双亚7号成熟种子为材料,利用秋水仙碱浸泡亚麻种子后进行无菌培养来诱导多倍体。方法是将种子消毒后在培养皿中萌动处理后,利用秋水仙碱处理来诱导多倍体。结果表明:种子在水中萌动时间为36 h,秋水仙碱溶液处理浓度为0.075%,处理时间为24 h,变异率为40.7%。通过对外部形态的观察发现四倍体的茎比二倍体的粗壮,叶片较二倍体厚,颜色较二倍体稍深,表面较二倍体略显粗糙,通过生根后对根的观察发现四倍体的根较二倍体的粗壮,根条数比二倍体的要少。  相似文献   

4.
以胀果甘草成熟种子为材料,消毒后在培养皿中萌动处理12 h、24 h、36 h,用浓度为0.05%、0.075%、0.10%的秋水仙碱处理12 h、24 h、36 h,来进行四倍体的诱导,并对诱导处理后获得的再生植株进行染色体鉴定。结果表明:种子萌动处理24 h后,用浓度为0.075%的秋水仙碱溶液处理24 h诱导效果最好,变异率为41%。其体细胞染色体数目由2n=2x=16变为2n=4x=32。  相似文献   

5.
几种因素对电刺激诱导小鼠卵母细胞孤雌活化的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了给小鼠体细胞核移植研究提供最佳的小鼠卵母细胞电激活条件 ,研究了影响电刺激诱导小鼠卵细胞孤雌活化的 4个因素 :脉冲强度、电融合液、操作液预处理及小鼠品系。发现 :(1)小鼠卵母细胞在 0 5~1 2 5kV/cm脉冲强度下 ,获得的活化率差异不显著 (71 4 3%~ 80 39% ,P >0 0 5 ) ,而在 1 5kV/cm的脉冲刺激下 ,活化率显著下降至 4 8 15 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,死亡率显著升高 (2 9 6 3% ,P <0 0 5 ) ;(2 )含有山梨醇的EFS1和含有甘露醇的EFS2对小鼠卵母细胞的活化效果相似 ,但前者较后者更易于操作 ,可以用EFS1取代EFS2运用于小鼠体细胞核移植研究中 ;(3)用核移植操作液预处理小鼠卵母细胞后 ,在 0 75kV/cm的脉冲强度下 ,与对照组无差异 ,而当脉冲强度升至 1 0kV/cm时 ,活化率显著降低 (46 6 7% ,P <0 0 5 ) ,而死亡率显著升高(30 0 0 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ;(4)昆明白小鼠和C5 7BL/ 6小鼠卵母细胞在 0 75~ 1 0kV/cm场强下 ,活化率无差异。  相似文献   

6.
7.
获取高质量的体外成熟卵母细胞是成功进行人类体外受精、动物胚胎生产和克隆的关键。尽管大多数哺乳动物卵母细胞能够在体外自发完成细胞核成熟,但卵母细胞成熟质量远不如体内成熟卵母细胞,其受精后胚胎发育能力较差。目前认为,这可能是由于体外成熟的卵母细胞的胞质成熟不充分造成的。研究表明,卵母细胞体外成熟培养系统与受精率和囊胚发育率有强相关性。  相似文献   

8.
本文以101/E1和C3H/E1的杂种第一代小鼠为材料,一次性腹腔注射秋水仙碱(COM)后,于不同时间取材,观察分析了小鼠骨髓细胞有丝分裂指数(MI)和C-有丝分裂的变化。结果表明:COM处理后2小时,MI和C-有丝分裂均已达到最高;并随处理时间延长而降低;至18小时,MI已降到(1mg/kg)或显著低于(3mg/kg)对照水平,而C-有丝分裂仍显著高于对照组。并对COM影响MI的可能机制以及C-有丝分裂效应与非整倍体诱导活性之间的关系进行了讨论。  相似文献   

9.
本文介绍一种简单、有效地通过ES细胞途径来获得转基因小鼠的新方法。  相似文献   

10.
目的:观察全反式维甲酸(ATRA)处理和ATRA与十四烷酰佛波醇乙酸酯(TPA)序贯处理(ATRA/TPA)对人类神经母细胞瘤细胞系SH-SY5Y细胞增殖抑制和形态分化的影响。方法:应用10μM ATRA处理6天和10μM ATRA处理3天继以80 nMTPA处理3天这两种方法使SH-SY5Y细胞分化;用倒置光学显微镜动态观察SH-SY5Y细胞形态学变化;并用MTT比色法比较两种分化方法对SH-SY5Y细胞的体外抗增殖作用。结果:ATRA处理和ATRA与TPA序贯处理对SH-SY5Y细胞都有抗增值和诱导细胞分化作用,细胞形态发生明显的变化,分化成神经元表型,前者主要表现为两端带有长突起的纺锤体样细胞形态,而后者主要是由细胞体延伸出多个突起的多边形的细胞。ATRA分化6天的细胞的存活率下降为78.7%±2.0%。当去除ATRA后,继续培养1天的细胞存活率上升为89%±0.2%,而继续培养2天的细胞存活率为86.3%±1.4%;ATRA与TPA序贯分化6天细胞存活率下降为75.9±0.4%。当去除TPA后,继续培养一天的细胞存活率为75.5±0.7%,继续培养2天的细胞存活率为74.9±1.0%。结论:维甲酸(ATRA)处理和ATRA与十四烷酰佛波醇乙酸酯(TPA)序贯处理(ATRA/TPA)均能明显诱导SH-SY5Y细胞分化。这两种分化细胞为神经科学的研究提供了优良的体外培养模型细胞,尤其是ATRA与TPA序贯处理能获得分化完全而稳定的神经元样细胞。  相似文献   

11.
罗金平  徐少甫  成国祥 《生命科学》2000,12(3):142-144,F003
核移植牛的研究具有巨大的经济价值,国外对此的研究不断深入,但国内开展此项研究相对滞后。本文就牛卵母细胞的成熟、去核与激活作一综述,重点介绍目前国外常用的方法,包括其效率和影响因素,其中涉及到一些常用的参数,这对从事核移植牛的同仁们会有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

12.
    
Selective enucleation (SE) was applied to germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes by removing the chromatin attached to nuclear envelope, and leaving the liquid contents of GV in the cytoplast. However, after reconstruction with 1/8 blastomeres or fetal fibroblasts (FFs) neither the maturation efficiency nor the frequency of normal (asymmetric) division was improved as compared with completely enucleated (CE) oocytes. Chromosomal aberrations introduced with somatic nuclei were not rescued in SE oocytes either. On the other hand, timing of maturation division in SE GV oocytes, but not in CE GV oocytes, reconstructed with GV-karyoplasts was like in the control. After maturation and fertilization in vitro, SE oocytes reconstructed with 1/8 blastomeres developed nucleolated donor pronuclei, contrary to CE oocytes. The latter could be rescued with nucleoli-containing nucleus, but not anucleolate nucleus, from a 1/2 blastomere. SE oocytes reconstructed with FFs contained nucleolated pronuclei upon activation, unlike CE GV oocytes. These experiments show that the ooplast nucleolar material and/or embryonic nucleolus are indispensable for pronuclei formation. SE oocytes reconstructed with 1/8 blastomeres or FFs failed to cleave after activation or in vitro fertilization. Control GV oocytes enucleolated before fertilization seized cleavage at the 6-cell stage, as oppose to intact GV oocytes, which in 50.9% yielded morulae/blastocysts. These results suggest that ooplast nucleolar material is essential for the cleavage divisions. Activation of cumulus-enclosed SE GV oocytes matured in hormone-supplemented medium and fused to 1/2 blastomere-karyoplasts, yielded morulae, and blastocysts in 45.5% and 23.4% of reconstructed oocytes, respectively.  相似文献   

13.
    
Germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and dissolution (GVD) were studied in goldfish oocytes treated with 17-α,20–β-dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP) and/or demecolcine (DE; a colchicine derivative also known as colcemid) in vitro. DE (100 μg/ml) in the presence of DHP, enhanced steroid-induced GVM, after both 24 and 48 hr of incubation and significantly reduced the DHP ED50 value for GVM. Similarly, administration of DE alone elicited a significant, dose-related increase in GVM after 24 or 48 hr of incubation. The presence of DE, either alone or in combination with DHP, was without effect on GVD. The effect of DE was also tested on ooplasmic viscoelasticity in goldfish follicles subjected to a centrifugal force (160g for 1 min). Preincubation (24 hr) of goldfish follicles in DE significantly influenced the direction and the extent of the centrifugally induced GV movement along the axis of centrifugal force in a dose-related fashion. The present results provide support for the hypothesis that cytoskeletal components, such as microtubules that are sensitive to DE, are involved in the mechanism of GVM in goldfish oocytes.  相似文献   

14.
    
The enucleation of oocytes to be used as host cytoplasts for embryo reconstruction by nuclear transfer is an important limiting step when cloning mammals. We propose an enucleation technique based on the removal of chromatin after oocyte activation, at the telophase stage, by aspirating the second polar body and surrounding cytoplasm. In a preliminary experiment to determine an optimal activation protocol, oocytes were matured for 26 and 30 hr and exposed for 5 min to 7% ethanol and/or for 3 hr at either 25 or 4°C. Relative to most activation treatments tested, oocytes matured for 30 hr and exposed to ethanol alone showed highest activation rates, as determined by low levels of H1 kinase activity within 90 min from exposure and high pronuclear formation (82%) after 12 hr of culture. No synergistic effect on activation rates was observed when oocytes also were exposed to reduced temperature after ethanol treatment. Microsurgical removal of the telophase-stage chromatin in a small volume of cytoplasm adjacent to the second polar body was significantly more effective in enucleating than aspiration of a larger cytoplasm volume surrounding the first polar body of metaphase-arrested oocytes (98% versus 59%; P < 0.01). Moreover, compared with a nuclear transfer protocol based on enucleation of metaphase-arrested oocytes followed by aging and cooling, more (38% versus 16%; P < 0.001) and better-quality blastocytes (126 versus 84 nuclei per blastocyst; P < 0.02) were obtained from embryos reconstructed using the telophase procedure. Higher development potential of embryos reconstructed by the telophase procedure may be attributed to (1) the selection of oocytes that activate and respond by extruding the second polar body, (2) avoiding the use of DNA dyes and ultraviolet irradiation, and (3) the limited removal of cytoplasm during enucleation. The ease with which telophase enucleation can be performed is likely to render this technique widely useful for research and practice on mammalian cloning. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 49:29–36, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

15.
    
In this study, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are used as models of agamogony and syngamy, respectively. In order to elucidate the reasons of low efficiency of somatic cell cloning, cytoskeletal and nuclear organization in cloned mouse embryos was monitored before and during the first cell cycle, and compared with the pattern of ICSI zygote. A metaphase-like spindle with alignment of condensed donor chromosomes was assembled within 3 hr after NT, followed by formation of pronuclear-like structures at 3-6 hr after activation, indicating that somatic nuclear remodeling depends on microtubular network organization. The percentage of two (pseudo-) pronuclei in cloned embryos derived from delayed activation was greater than that in immediate activation group (68.5% vs. 30.8%, P<0.01), but similar to that of ICSI group (68.5% vs. 65.5%, P>0.05). The 2-cell rate in NT embryos was significantly lower than that in zygotes produced by ICSI (64.8% vs. 82.5%, P<0.01). Further studies testified that the cloned embryos reached the metaphase of the first mitosis 10 hr after activation, whereas this occurred at 18 hr in the ICSI zygotes. Comparision of the pattern of microfilament assembly in early NT embryos with that in syngamic zygotes suggested that abnormal microfilamental pattern in cloned embryos may threaten subsequent embryonic development. In conclusion, agamogony, in contrast to syngamy, displays some unique features in respect of cytoskeletal organization, the most remarkable of which is that the first cell cycle is initiated ahead distinctly, which probably leads to incomplete organization of the first mitotic spindle, and contributes to low efficiency of cloning.  相似文献   

16.
  总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Mouse oocyte aged in vitro cannot develop normally following activation. To investigate the roles of nucleus or cytoplasm elements in oocyte aged in vitro process and their subsequent development capability following activation, we reconstructed oocytes with MII chromosome spindle and cytoplasm from aged and fresh oocytes by nuclear transfer. The subsequent developmental potential after parthenogenetic activation (PA) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) was evaluated. After nuclear transfer, more than 75.6% of karyoplast and cytoplast pairs can be fused and reconstructed oocytes have a normal haploid karyotype. Following PA, aged oocytes cannot develop beyond four-cell stage, reconstructed oocytes from fresh nucleus and aged cytoplasm developed to blastocyst with a low percentage (9.1%). Instead, blastocyst formation rate of reconstructed oocyte from aged nucleus and fresh cytoplasm was higher (60.0%). Following IVF, zygote with diploid karyotype can be formed from zona pellucida (ZP)-free oocyte. After cultured in vitro, aged oocytes cannot develop beyond two-cell; reconstructed oocytes from fresh nucleus and aged cytoplasm developed to blastocyst with low percentage (15.0%). However, high blastocyst formation rate (86.2%) can be obtained from reconstructed oocytes from aged nucleus and fresh cytoplasm. Furthermore, after embryo transfer, three viable pups have been obtained, although the efficiency is very low. These observation demonstrated that cytoplasm is more crucial than nucleus to aging process. Fresh cytoplasm could partly rescue nucleus susceptibility to apoptosis from aging in vitro.  相似文献   

17.
To solve the problem of immune incompatibility, nuclear transplantation has been envisaged as a means to produce cells or tissues for human autologous transplantation. Here we have derived embryonic stem cells by the transfer of human somatic nuclei into rabbit oocytes. The number of blastocysts that developed from the fused nuclear transfer was comparable among nuclear donors at ages of 5, 42, 52 and fi0 years, and nuclear transfer (NT) embryonic stem cells (ntES cells) were subsequently derived from each of the four age groups. These results suggest that human somatic nuclei can form ntES cells independent of the age of thedonor. The derived ntES cells are human based on karyotype, isogenicity, in situ hybridization, PCR and immunocytochemistry with probes that distinguish between the various species. The ntES ceils maintainthe capability of sustained growth in an undifferen tiated state, and form embryoid bodies, which, on furtherinduction, give rise to cell types such as neuron and muscle, as well as mixed cell populations that expressmarkers representative of all three germ layers. Thus, ntES cells derived from human somatic cells by NTto rabbit eggs retain phenotypes similar to those of conventional human ES ceils, including the ability toundergo multilineage cellular differentiation.  相似文献   

18.
猪体细胞核移植重构胚的体外发育(英文)   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以卵丘细胞为核供体细胞组成重构胚 ,卵裂率达到 5 6.7% ,发育至桑椹胚率达到1 1 .7% ,囊胚率为 6.7% ,显著高于成纤维细胞重构胚 (P <0 .0 5 )。本文还研究了卵母细胞的采集方法、激活程序和卵龄对卵丘细胞核移植重构胚体外发育的影响。以血清饥饿法将卵丘细胞诱导至G0 G1 期 ,抽吸法 解剖法采集卵母细胞 ,体外培养 3 3~ 44h ,将卵丘细胞放至去核卵母细胞的卵周隙中 ,重构胚以钙离子载体A2 3 81 7或电脉冲结合 6 DMAP激活处理 ,体外培养 6d。研究表明 ,卵母细胞采集方法、激活液中细胞松弛素 (CB)、激活程序并不影响重构胚的发育 (以卵龄 44h的卵母细胞为受体 ) ;而以电脉冲结合 6 DMAP激活处理能提高重构胚发育能力 (以卵龄 3 3h的卵母细胞为受体 ) (P <0 .0 5 )。本研究显示 ,以电脉冲结合 6 DMAP激活卵丘细胞重构胚 ,体外能发育至囊胚  相似文献   

19.
    
Germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes matured in vitro are an alternative source for cytoplasmic recipients of nuclear transfer (NT). However, the developmental potential of oocytes matured in vitro is limited. In this study, we developed a protein-free maturation medium for mouse GV oocytes. Following parthenogenetic activation, the oocytes matured in the protein-free medium develop to blastocyst stage with a high efficiency, even up to the rate obtained from in vivo MII-oocytes (90.6% vs. 92.8%). Using the oocytes matured in the protein-free medium as the recipient, NT embryos develop to the blastocyst stage (17.6%). To further improve the developmental potential of NT embryos, we performed serial NT and compared the effect of three different activated cytoplasm samples derived from in vitro matured oocytes as the second recipient, that is, the effect of in vitro fertilized (IVF) zygote, the preactivated cytoplast and the IVF cytoplast, on the development of NT embryos. We found that when the pronucleus of NT zygote was transferred into the cytoplasm of the IVF zygote, the blastocyst formation increased to 39.4%. This is the first report to demonstrate the IVF zygote from oocytes matured in protein-free medium can be used successfully as the recipient for serial NT to enhance the developmental potential of mouse NT embryos from oocytes matured in the protein-free medium.  相似文献   

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