硅磷酸钙复合骨水泥对L929细胞增殖相关基因表达的影响

制备了新型的硅磷酸钙复合骨水泥,Real-time PCR法研究了该材料对L929细胞3个细胞增殖相关基因表达的影响,并与MTT法做对比,旨在探讨从分子水平评价材料生物相容性的可能性及其作用机制。MTT结果表明,所有实验组浸提液对L929细胞均没有明显的毒性作用,一定浓度的含硅酸三钙骨水泥的浸提液能刺激细胞的增殖。Real-time PCR结果显示,不含硅酸三钙骨水泥不同浓度的浸提液培养3 h后,L929细胞CyclinD1、PCNA和SDH基因mRNA水平与对照组相比变化不大;添加50%wt硅酸三钙的骨水泥上述3个基因mRNA水平均显著增高。其中CyclinD1 mRNA水平在浸提液浓度为100%、75%和50%时,分别比对照组增加了44.74%、51.79%和43.84%;在浸提液浓度分别为75%、50%和100%、75%时,PCNA和SDH基因mRNA水平分别比对照组增加了64.60%、54.76%和45.07%、54.85%。结果提示,制备的这种新型硅磷酸钙复合骨水泥具有良好的生物活性,L929细胞CyclinD1、PCNA、SDH基因表达量的变化可以作为评价材料生物相容性的一种潜在方法。     

下颌下腺脱细胞基质材料的生物相容性及毒理学研究

为探讨下颌下腺脱细胞基质支架材料的生物相容性,应用3%TritonX-100对SD大鼠的下颌下腺组织进行脱细胞处理,制备脱细胞基质支架材料,将该材料的浸提液注入小鼠体内进行全身急性毒性试验,观察小鼠全身反应.将该材料植入Wistar鼠肌内进行体内植入试验,不同时间观察支架材料与组织反应.用传代培养的第2代下颌下腺细胞与支架材料体外复合培养,第7 d时进行MTT检测,观察支架材料对细胞增殖的影响.全身急性毒性试验结果显示,实验组与对照组无显著性差别(P＞0.05),体内植入试验2、4、8 W时光镜下表现与对照组基本相似,MTT检测结果,细胞相对增长率为91.66%,支架材料的毒性为0级.结果可见,经3%TritonX-100脱细胞处理后所制备的下颌下腺生物衍生支架材料具有良好的生物相容性,对机体无毒害作用.     

两种体外细胞毒性检测方法的比较研究

目的比较两种常用的细胞毒性检测方法在医疗器械生物学评价中的相关性。方法分别采用MTT比色法和细胞增殖度法,在37℃条件下,将五种医疗器械／生物材料的浸提液分别与小鼠成纤维细胞（L-929）接触2天和2,4,7天,比较材料对细胞的毒性影响。结果5种不同的材料浸提液分别表现出不同程度的细胞毒性反应（0～2级）。将MTT比色法与细胞增殖度法（2天）的实验数据进行相关性分析,显示两者之间具有良好的相关性（R=0．977）。结论MTT比色法由于其检测所需的细胞量相对较少,试验步骤相对简便、检测周期短,因此具有一定的优越性,是个值得推荐的细胞毒性检测方法。     

人脐静脉内皮细胞在D,L-聚乳酸基形状记忆聚合物上的黏附和增殖行为研究

生物可降解的形状记忆聚合物兼具生物可降解性和形状记忆特性,作为医疗器械植入人体,在完成功能后能够在体液的作用下发生降解,对人体无毒无害,避免了二次手术对病人造成的痛苦以及避免医疗器械长期植入体内存在带来的安全隐患。作为医疗器械植入体,需要具有良好的细胞相容性。实验将D,L-聚乳酸基形状记忆聚合物与人脐静脉内皮细胞在体外复合培养,以考察细胞在材料上的增殖能力。实验中观察了细胞形态(HE染色观察),采用了铺膜法和浸提液法评价了细胞的增殖能力。结果表明：与对照组聚乳酸相比,铺膜法和浸提液法评价细胞的增殖能力所得结论具有一致性,形状记忆材料在细胞黏附和增殖表现良好。     

四种口腔修复材料对细胞的毒性分析

目的:研究纯钛、钛合金、钴铬合金和镍铬合金四种非贵金属口腔修复材料对L-929成纤维细胞的毒性作用。方法:应用口腔修复材料制备材料浸提液处理培养L-929细胞,采用AnnexinV-FITC试剂盒比较细胞凋亡水平改变,采用Western blot检测细胞凋亡相关基因的表达。结果:纯钛与钛合金诱导L-929细胞凋亡的水平与对照组没有统计学差异(P>0.05);钴铬合金和镍铬合金材料浸提液可引起L-929细胞凋亡增加(P<0.05)。结论:纯钛与钛合金材料对口腔黏膜细胞的毒性作用相较钴铬合金和镍铬合金材料低,更具安全性。     

皮肤成纤维细胞复合纤维修复前交叉韧带的初步研究

目的:本实验采用皮肤成纤维细胞修复原位冻融的前交叉韧带,以探索皮肤成纤维细胞作为构建组织工程前交叉韧带种子细胞的可行性.方法:体外分离培养兔皮肤成纤维细胞(SF),传代培养之后将细胞复合纤维生物蛋白胶,将细胞.纤维蛋白胶复合物植入原位冻融的前交叉韧带处.12周取材切片行HE染色及天狼猩红染色,使用偏振光显微镜观察.并使用图象分析软件对Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量进行半定量分析.结果:采用皮肤成纤维细胞复合纤维生物蛋白胶修复原位冻融的前交叉韧带的Ⅲ型胶原含量较单纯冻融的前交叉韧带明显减少,而较正常前交叉韧带则无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:皮肤成纤维细胞可作为构建组织工程前交又韧带的较为理想的种子细胞选择.     

微弧氧化后锆铜铝银非晶合金的细胞相容性研究

目的:探讨微弧氧化(micro-arc oxidation,MAO)后的Zr46(Cu4.5/5.5Ag1/5.5)46Al8(at%)(本文简称Zr-Cu-Al-Ag非晶合金)的细胞相容性。方法:按照国家标准制备300 V、350 V和400 V电压MAO处理的Zr-Cu-Al-Ag非晶合金、铸态Zr-Cu-Al-Ag非晶合金以及TI6Al4V合金试件的浸提液用于培养L929细胞,阴性组的L929细胞用含10%小牛血清的DMEM溶液培养,阳性组的L929细胞用含64 g/L苯酚和10%小牛血清的DMEM溶液培养,通过四唑盐(MTT)比色法分析试件的细胞相容性。结果:MAO处理的Zr-Cu-Al-Ag非晶合金细胞毒性评级为0,其浸提液中的L929细胞状态良好,细胞增殖曲线呈上升趋势,三个MAO组的吸光度值高于铸态Zr-Cu-Al-Ag非晶合金组、TI6Al4V合金组和阳性对照组(P0.05),但与阴性对照组无明显差别(P0.05)。结论:MAO提高了Zr-Cu-Al-Ag非晶合金表面的细胞相容性。     

海绵状的小肠粘膜下层促进成骨样细胞增殖分化

目的:观察人脂肪干细胞(hADSCs)诱导分化的成骨样细胞在海绵状的猪小肠粘膜下层(SIS)表面的生长情况,探讨三维立体海绵状的SIS能否促进成骨样细胞的增殖和分化.方法:采用物理和化学结合的方法将猪近段空肠制备成脱细胞的SIS,再将薄膜状的SIS经液氮低温研磨制成微粒,交联后采用冷冻干燥技术重塑形为海绵状的SIS;原代培养hADSCs,流式术检测表面抗原,诱导其成骨、成软骨、成脂分化并染色鉴定;将诱导的成骨样细胞与海绵状SIS复合培养,扫描电镜观察细胞形态;应用SIS材料浸提液培养成骨样细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,ALP活度检测成骨分化情况.结果:脱细胞的SIS未见有核物质,海绵状的SIS呈三维立体状,具有大量均匀一致的孔隙;原代培养的hADSCs表达干细胞相关抗原,并可分化为成骨样细胞,茜素红将钙结节染成紫红色.成骨样细胞与海绵状SIS复合培养后,细胞生长旺盛增殖能力强,ALP表达量明显增加.结论:海绵状的SIS具有均匀的三维孔隙,细胞相容性好,能明显促进hADSCs来源的成骨样细胞的增殖及成骨分化,可成为骨组织工程新型的三维立体天然生物衍生材料.     

MTT法评价医用骨科材料的细胞毒性

目的:评价三种常用医用骨科材料的细胞毒性。方法:通过制备表面阳极氧化钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)材料、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)材料和β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)材料的浸提液与L929细胞接触,进行MTT试验。结果:所有样品浸提液的细胞相对增殖率(RGR)均≥80%,细胞毒性反应分级为0至1级。结论:这三类材料的0.2g/ml浸提液均显示无明显的细胞毒性。     

纳米铂黑作为电极镀层的细胞毒性评价

目的:探讨将纳米铂黑作为电极镀层的细胞毒性,初步评估铂黑电镀电极长期植入生物体内的安全性。方法:分别改变混悬液浓度(0.1 mg、0.2 mg、0.3 mg/m L铂黑混悬液)对L-929成纤维细胞培养24 h、48 h、72 h,显微镜下观察细胞形态变化并通过MTS法计算细胞相对增殖率,对细胞毒性进行评级。结果:0.2 mg/m L、0.3 mg/m L的铂黑混悬液中L-929成纤维细胞变成圆形、胞核固缩,细胞稀少,贴壁差;在0.1 mg/m L的铂黑混悬液中上述细胞形态变化则较轻微。0.1 mg/m L的铂黑混悬液细胞毒性为0~2级,且随时间延长而毒性逐渐减弱并呈现出无细胞毒性;0.2 mg/m L、0.3 mg/m L的铂黑混悬液细胞毒性为3~4级,不随时间变化。结论:纳米铂黑其质量体积浓度低于0.1 mg/m L时具有较好的生物相容性。     

Injectable Biocomposites for Bone Healing in Rabbit Femoral Condyle Defects

A novel biomimetic bone scaffold was successfully prepared in this study, which was composed of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH), collagen and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAC). CSH/nHAC was prepared and observed with scanning electron microscope and rhBMP-2 was introduced into CSH/nHAC. The released protein content from the scaffold was detected using high performance liquid chromatography at predetermined time interval. In vivo bone formation capacity was investigated by means of implanting the scaffolds with rhBMP-2 or without rhBMP-2 respectively into a critical size defect model in the femoral condyle of rabbit. The releasing character of rhBMP-2 was that an initial burst release (37.5%) was observed in the first day, followed by a sustained release and reached 100% at the end of day 20. The CSH/nHAC showed a gradual decrease in degradation with the content of nHAC increase. The results of X-rays, Micro CT and histological observation indicated that more new bone was formed in rhBMP-2 group. The results implied that this new injectable bone scaffold should be very promising for bone repair and has a great potential in bone tissue engineering.     

Nonadhesive populations in cultures of mesenchymal stromal cells from hematopoietic organs in mouse and rat

The study of adhesive properties of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells evaluated from fibroblast colony-forming units in the bone marrow of adult mice and rats in populations of cells attached and unattached to plastic substrate after 2 h to 7 days in culture demonstrated both similarities and differences. The increase in the fibroblast colony-forming units in the adhesive population peaked on day 7 of in vitro culture in both cases; however, nearly no fibroblast colony-forming units were observed in the nonadhesive population from the mouse bone marrow in this period. Conversely, the number of colonies from the rat bone marrow nonadhesive population on day 7 of culture considerably increased, and this nonadhesive population in long-term culture became the source for subsequent nonadhesive subpopulations containing fibroblast colony-forming units. After 7 days of in vitro culture, the suspension of cells isolated from the liver of 17-day-old rat fetuses also contained a fraction of unattached fibroblast colony-forming units. In the nonadhesive subpopulations from the bone marrow and fetal liver, fibroblast colony-forming units were observed up to day 48 and 30, respectively. Stromal cell precursors of nonadhesive subpopulations from the rat bone marrow featured a period of colony formation reduced to 7 days (i.e., they were formed 1.5-2 times faster compared to the primary culture). The total number of fibroblast colony-forming units from all nonadhesive subpopulations was roughly 6 and 7.4 times that of the adhesive population of the primary culture from the bone marrow and fetal liver, respectively. Considering that the mammalian bone marrow remains the preferred source of mesenchymal stromal cells, using nonadhesive subpopulations in the presented culture system can considerably increase the yield of stromal precursor cells     

Proliferation of human leukemic pre-B cells induced by human bone marrow stromal cells and murine fibroblasts.

Aim of the study was the establishment of a standardized in vitro culture system for studies on proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic pre - B cells. Coincubation with human stromal cells led to a significantly higher proliferation of the cytokine - sensitive leukemic pre - B cell line BLIN-1. Clones from the murine fibroblast cell line L929 provided identical results. Coincubation with the murine cells also resulted in a significantly higher numbers of viable cells in 5 of 8 patient samples with newly diagnosed B lineage ALL. The results show that in vitro bone marrow stromal cells can be substituted by murine fibroblasts and form the basis for a simpler and more reproducible assay system.     

壳聚糖及其改性材料对骨髓基质细胞的作用

壳聚糖是一种广泛应用的生物可降解材料,该论文研究了几种与壳聚糖相关的材料对骨髓基质细胞生长和分化的作用,主要实验方法是在材料表面培养骨髓基质细胞并对其进行诱导促使其向成骨细胞方向分化。通过对细胞生长和分化情况的观察和测定,对几种材料与骨髓基质细胞的亲和性作出了评价。另外,通过ELISA法测定了细胞外基质分子在材料上的吸附量,测量了各材料的表面接触角以研究细胞在材料表面的铺展和增殖。结果表明尽管壳聚糖本身与骨髓基质细胞并不具有很好的亲和性,但通过与明胶混合,壳聚糖的生物相容性得到了明显提高,是很有应用前景的骨修复材料。     

Role of SR-4987 stromal cells in the modulation of doxorubicin toxicity to in vitro granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM).

Bone marrow stromal microenvironment is essential for the maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell renewal both by cell-cell interaction and cytokine production. However, stromal cells also exhibit drug metabolizing activities and they may accumulate the drug and successively affect hematopoietic progenitors by a retarded release. Our study investigated the role of both primary culture of murine bone marrow stroma and established stromal cells (SR-4987) in modulating the "in vitro" toxic activity of Doxorubicin (DXR) against murine granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM). The main part of the study has been performed by a "in vitro" agar bilayer technique based on the CFU-GM assay performed over a feederlayer of stromal cells. The results suggest that bone marrow stromal cells play also an important role in decreasing the toxicity of Doxorubicin. Further SR-4987 stromal cells produce a Doxorubicin metabolite (not belonging to the series of metabolites described in literature) which is completely ineffective in inhibiting the growth of CFU-GM and the activity of topoisomerase I. Our data suggest that bone marrow stromal cells must be considered as a cell population having opposite pharmacological roles in modulating the drug toxicity on hematopoietic progenitors. In our model a mechanism of detoxification concerns the capacity of SR-4987 stromal cells to inactivate the drug. For a better prediction of drug hematotoxicity, it is very important to develop "in vitro" cell models able to discriminate between positive and negative modulation of drug toxicity that stromal cells can exert in the bone marrow microenvironment.     

Fabrication of chitin-chitosan/nano TiO2-composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

In this study, we prepared chitin-chitosan/nano TiO(2) composite scaffolds using lyophilization technique for bone tissue engineering. The prepared composite scaffold was characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR and TGA. In addition, swelling, degradation and biomineralization capability of the composite scaffolds were evaluated. The developed composite scaffold showed controlled swelling and degradation when compared to the control scaffold. Cytocompatibility of the scaffold was assessed by MTT assay and cell attachment studies using osteoblast-like cells (MG-63), fibroblast cells (L929) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Results indicated no sign of toxicity and cells were found attached to the pore walls within the scaffolds. These results suggested that the developed composite scaffold possess the prerequisites for tissue engineering scaffolds and it can be used for tissue engineering applications.     

Influences of vascularization and osteogenic cells on heterotopic bone formation within a madreporic ceramic in rats

Research in biomaterials for bone reconstruction has led to elaborate osteogenic composites that combine porous ceramics with bone marrow stromal cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of direct vascularization of such composites on osteogenesis and the ability to produce a vascularized bone substitute transplant in an ectopic muscular site. Sixty-four coralline biomaterials were implanted in 32 Fisher rats under four conditions: (1) alone (reference group M, n = 16), (2) coated with bone marrow stromal cells (group MC, n = 16), (3) combined with a vascular pedicle (group MV, n = 16), or (4) coated with bone marrow stromal cells and combined with a vascular pedicle (MCV group, n = 16). The number of vessels in the pores (vessel-pore ratio) of the implants and the proportion of pores showing bone ingrowth (bone-pore ratio) were measured at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks on four implants of each group. Compared with the reference group, angiogenesis was higher when the biomaterial was combined with a vascular pedicle or was coated with osteoprogenitor cells. The association of both vascular pedicle and osteoprogenitor cells increased vascularization by 60 percent (p = 0.003) and osteogenesis by 62 percent (p < 0.001). A combination of both vascular pedicle and bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells in coralline implants enhances neovascularization and osteogenesis after implantation in ectopic intramuscular sites to a greater extent than either does alone.     

Clonogenic stromal cell count in the bone marrow of mice

The number of fibroblast colonies in bone marrow cultures depends on FCFC concentration in explanted cells and FCFC cloning efficiency. For mouse bone marrow the efficiency of fibroblast colony formation increases in the presence of the feeder (irradiated bone marrow of spleen cells). Colony-stimulating feeder activity does not depend on the presence of phagocytic and stromal cells in the feeder cell population. Trypsinization of the bone marrow leads to the release of additional FCFC and the increase of their concentration in bone marrow cell suspensions.     

Stromal cells of the regenerating bone marrow in rats (an immunocytochemical electron microscopy study)

Process of the bone marrow regeneration has been studied after its removal out of the rat femoral bone cavity. The stage of stroma formation precedes hemopoiesis. The stromal cells during its reconstruction (the 4th-5th day after removal of the bone marrow) are analyzed by means of the indirect immune-peroxidase electron microscopical method with antiserum applied against insoluble antigens of the rat bone marrow cells. Most of the stromal cells do not fix the antiserum used, as do the hemopoietic cells, macrophages and preosteoclasts. Some part of the stromal cells (not more than 30%) demonstrate the immune-peroxidase label. The labelled stromal cells have some ultrastructural signs of poorly differentiated elements of fibroblastic and osteoblastic raws. In the regeneration area, there are non-labelled poorly differentiated cells, which do not differ, at the ultrastructural level, from labelled poorly differentiated stromal elements. Possible causes of the difference revealed among the poorly differentiated stromal cells concerning their fixing of the anti-bone-marrow antiserum are discussed.     

Effect of opioid peptides on proliferation and differentiation of skeletogenic cells of rabbit bone marrow in vitro

The influence of opioid peptides DSLET and DAGO in doses 10(-5), 10(-7) or 10(-10) mg per 1 ml of the medium on colony formation in the culture of stromal bone marrow fibroblast precursors was investigated 5. 10(-6) bone marrow cells were placed in plastic containers (Costar). 12 day old cell cultures were fixed with ethanol and stained with hematoxyline-eosin. Effectiveness of fibroblast colony formation (EFFC) was detected. Grown fibroblast colonies were stained after Gomory for alkaline phosphatase. Opioid peptides DSLET and DAGO in the used doses exerted no influence on EFFC and percentage phosphatase-positive colonies, which casts doubt on a presumable direct action of opioid peptides on stromal bone marrow cell-precursors. But it does not seem unlikely that opioid peptides may affect stromal bone marrow precursors of fibroblasts through the cell environment, particularly, via macrophages.