不同分子量壳聚糖对一些与植物防御反应相关生理生化指标的影响

经不同分子量壳聚糖处理的小麦幼苗中H2O2含量、过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性以及总酚含量均呈上升的趋势。低分子量壳聚糖处理的效应高于高分子量壳聚糖的。     

家蝇幼虫壳聚糖的抑菌活性及影响因子

为研究昆虫壳聚糖的抑菌活性及影响因子, 由家蝇Musca domestica幼虫制备了10个不同分子量的壳聚糖,在不同条件下分别对6种细菌作抑菌实验, 并通过测定细菌细胞膜和细胞壁的透性初步探讨了壳聚糖的抑菌机理。结果表明,分子量在21～251 kD的壳聚糖有很强的抑菌活性,抑菌活性呈现随pH的降低而增加的趋势,pH 5.5时最低抑菌浓度在0.03％～0.06%之间,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺能够显著降低壳聚糖的抑菌作用。通过对实验结果的方差分析表明,壳聚糖的不同分子量、pH值和金属离子等外界因素都是壳聚糖抑菌活性的极显著影响因素,而菌株本身也是极显著影响因素之一。壳聚糖能够增加细胞膜通透性,造成细胞内容物的外泄。     

壳聚糖抑菌机制的初步研究

壳聚糖在医学、食品、环保、日化用品等领域有着广泛而重要的应用.近年来,壳聚糖由于对不同的菌类都具有良好的抑菌效果而被研究者们密切关注.然而,有关壳聚糖抑菌机制的研究却并不多,其抑菌机制也没有被完全阐明.在本研究中,我们发现很多金属离子可以对壳聚糖的抑菌效果产生影响,高浓度金属离子(0.5%)可以使壳聚糖完全丧失抑菌活性.还发现金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌在壳聚糖的作用下会发生钾离子和ATP的渗漏,而且五万分子量的壳聚糖引起钾离子和ATP的渗漏大约比五千分子量壳聚糖多2到4倍.不同分子量的壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌都具有较好的抑菌效果,但是引起钾离子和ATP的渗漏量却存在很大差异,这说明小分子量壳聚糖很可能存在与大分子量壳聚糖不同的抑菌机制.     

壳聚糖辐照降解产物涂膜保鲜草莓研究

壳聚糖具有抑菌性与成膜性。将壳聚糖辐照降解得到的一系列不同粘均分子量产物进行涂膜草莓保鲜,研究涂膜液中壳聚糖粘均分子量、浓度、pH值、有机酸、明胶含量对草莓保鲜效果的影响;并设计四因素三水平正交试验。实验结果表明：1％（w／v）7．0×10^4Da壳聚糖、1％（v／v）醋酸、pH5、添加明胶0．5％的涂膜配方具有最好的保鲜效果;在常温（20℃、湿度80％～90％）下可以延长贮藏期2d;低温（3℃-4℃、湿度80％-90％）下可以延长贮藏期3d。     

冬虫夏草原生质体形成和再生的初步研究

研究冬虫夏草菌丝体的菌龄、酶种类、酶解温度、酶解时间、pH、稳渗剂和几种再生培养基对原生质体形成和再生的影响。最佳条件为 :生长 6d的菌丝体 ,组合酶 (1%蜗牛酶 +1%纤维素酶 ) ,酶解温度 36℃ ,酶解时间 2 .5h,pH6 .4 ,稳渗剂 0 .4M甘露醇溶液 ,RM3再生培养基。在此条件下原生质体的形成为 2 .0 4× 10 9个 ml,再生率为 0 .0 91%。     

蝴蝶兰原生质体提取方法的优化

以蝴蝶兰自交品种NOⅡ的无菌苗叶片为试材,采用单因素试验和正交试验,比较不同酶的种类、酶液浓度、材料和酶液的比例、渗透压、酶解时间及纯化条件对原生质体产量和活性的影响,并用荧光显微镜观察去壁情况。结果表明：在同一种条件下1g蝴蝶兰叶片加入10mL酶解液中,酶解液含1．0％纤维素酶R-10,1．0％果胶酶,0．5mol·L^-1甘露醇,酶解3h,有活力的原生质体产量最高,其产量为1．3×10^5个·g^-1,活性迭81．90％。     

蛹皮壳聚糖的制备及其用作酶固定化载体的研究

利用换碱洗脱法,可以从家蚕蛹皮中提取到较高分子量的白色壳聚糖,脱乙酰度达91％以上;经H_2O_2降解,可制备从4.31×10~4～1.32×10~6间不同分子量的壳聚糖;不同分子量的壳聚糖可以制成相应的适宜载体用于酶的固定化,所得固定化酶具有较高的活力和较好的操作稳定性。     

蝴蝶兰合子和胚的分离

该文用酶解一振荡法分离蝴蝶兰受精后的胚囊,然后显微解剖出合子、早期原胚及接近成熟的球形原胚。酶解液由O．7％-1．3％的纤维素酶、0．6％-1．0％果胶酶和10％甘露醇组成,pH5．8,酶解时间20-30min。分离的蝴蝶兰早期原胚和接近成熟的球形原胚均发现有发达的胚柄吸器。     

不同分子量壳聚糖对五种常见菌的抑制作用研究

体外抑菌法研究了六种不同相对分子量的壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、白色念珠菌、变形杆菌的抑菌活性,并对壳聚糖的抑菌机理做了探讨。     

不同分子量壳聚糖对五种常见茵的抑制作用研究

体外抑菌法研究了六种不同相对分子量的壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、白色念珠菌、变形杆菌的抑菌活性,并对壳聚糖的抑菌机理做了探讨.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.