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1.
Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) were generated betweenIg-1-congenic strains BALB/c(H-2d,Ig-1a) andC.B-17(H-2d,Ig-1b) by cross-immunization in both directions and rechallenge in vitro. The effector cell populations specifically lysed target cells sharing both theH-2 haplotype and theIg-1 allele of the sensitizing strain. B- and T-cell blasts were equally good targets, suggesting thatH-2-restricted cytotoxic lymphocytes are not directed against serologically defined conventional allotypic determinants, but probably against minor histocompatibility antigens controlled by genes linked to theIg-1 complex. Competition experiments using cold target cells from a series ofIg-1b-congenic strains of the BALB/c background (BAB-14, C.B-17, C.B-26) revealed two not yet described minor histocompatibility loci linked to theIg-1 complex: We could demonstrate that BALB/c anti-C.B-17 effector cells recognize at least two distinct antigenic determinants on C.B-17 target cells, but only one on target cells from BAB-14, which carries a recombinantIg-1 complex. From these results we conclude that one of the minor histocompatibility antigens, designated as H(CH), is encoded by a gene linked to the heavy-chain constant-region (CH) genes, whereas the second minor histocompatibility antigen, designated as H(VH), is coded for by a gene linked to the heavy-chain variable-region (VH) genes. These two new genetic markers may be useful for further analysis of the mouseIg-1 complex because the analysis of the H(CH) and H(VH) genes may facilitate the search for recombinants in that chromosomal region. 相似文献
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Cornelia Kolb E. Weiler I. Seppälä K. Eichmann M. Kaartinen J. Pelkonen K. Karjalainen O. Mäkelä 《Immunogenetics》1979,9(1):455-463
Two congenic strains of mice were bred in Konstanz that bear theIg heavy chain allotype gene of the C57BL/6 (Ig-1
b
) in a BALB/c background genome. One line (CB-8K) underwent eight backcross generations to BALB/c before sister-brother mating was initiated. For the other line (CB-16KN) backcrossing was continued for eight further generations, then a homozygousIg-1
b
/Ig-1
b
strain was produced by sister-brother mating. Both lines were tested for four VH markers of the BALB/c and one of the C57BL parent. The CB-16KN strain expressed the C57BL marker VHNPb together with the C57BL allotype marker, and failed to express the three BALB/c markers, VHDEX, VHS117, VHphOx and VHNPa. It thus resembled the CB-20 strain.Strain CB-8K expressed the VHNPb marker of C57BL but also all the four BALB/c markers that were tested. The strain appeared more heterogeneous than the CB-16KN strain, and a subline was bred from two exceptional mice that did not express the VHNPb marker. This subline (CB-8KN) expressed the BALB/c marker VHNPa regularly, and was negative for the VHNPb marker. It thus resembles the BAB-14 line.The crossing over event thus must have happened in one of the two meioses, which led to the CB-8K line. As BAB-14 is derived in an analogous manner to a branch of the backcross of Potter and Lieberman, which ended up in CB-20, the unexpected finding is discussed that two independent crossing over events (in CB-8KN and BAB 14) within theIg heavy chain gene region have taken place at approximately the same stage of two breeding programs.Recipient of an EMBO fellowship during part of the study. 相似文献
4.
Black SJ Goding JW Gutman GA Herzenberg LA Loken MR Osborne BA van der Loo W Warner NL 《Immunogenetics》1978,7(1):213-230
Murine antisera raised against allogeneic lymphoid cells often contain antibodies to IgM allotypes. Rarely, allotypic antibodies to IgM have been found after immunization withB. pertussis anti-B. pertussis conjugates. Using both types of antibodies, we have defined a new constant-region locus for both secreted and membrane-bound chains. This locus,Ig-6, is closely linked to the previously described H-chain constant-region loci (Ig-1 throughIg-5) and is subject to allelic exclusion. We have identified three alleles and four antigenic specificities ofIg-6.Authors listed alphabetically 相似文献
5.
Yasuhiro Anraku Naoyuki Umemoto Ryogo Hirata Yoshikazu Ohya 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》1992,24(4):395-405
The yeast vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase is a member of the third class of H+-pumping ATPase. A family of this type of H+-ATPase is now known to be ubiquitously distributed in eukaryotic vacuo-lysosomal organelles and archaebacteria. NineVMA genes that are indispensable for expression of the enzyme activity have been cloned and characterized in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. This review summarizes currently available information on theVMA genes and cell biological functions of theVMA gene products. 相似文献
6.
Anupam K. Dattamajumdar David P. Jacobson Leroy E. Hood Gamal E. Osman 《Immunogenetics》1996,43(3):141-151
Immunoglobulins (Ig) have been the focus of extensive study for several decades and have become an important research area for immunologists and molecular biologist. The use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has accelerated the cloning, sequencing, and characterization of genes of the immune system. However, cloning and sequencing the Ig variable (V) genes using the PCR technology has been a challenging task, primarily due to the very diverse nature of Ig V region genes. We have developed a simple, rapid, and reproducible PCR-based technique to clone any rearranged mouse Ig heavy or light chain genes. A close examination of all Ig heavy and light chain V gene families has resulted in the design of 5 and 3 universal primers from regions that are highly conserved across all heavy or light chain V gene families, and the joining or constant regions, respectively. We present our strategy for designing universal primers for Ig V gene families. These primers were able to rapidly amplify the rearranged Ig V genes, belonging to diverse Ig V gene families from very different cell lines, i.e., J558, MOPC-21, 36–60, and a chicken ovalbumin specific B-cell hybridoma. In addition, the present study provides the complete alignment of nucleotide sequences of all heavy and light chain variable gene families. This powerful method of cloning Ig V genes, therefore, allows rapid and precise analysis of B-cell hybridomas, B-cell repertoire, and B-cell ontogeny.The nucloetide sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the EMBL/GenBank nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned the accession number U32111 相似文献
7.
Shape variations in the dentition and the cranium were analyzed for sevenSaguinus forms of the hairy-face tamarin by applying the factor analysis method. The results obtained for the dental and cranial measurements
were almost consistent with each other.
The magnitude of the difference in shape factors between theS. nigricollis group and theS. midas group is appreciably larger than that between the former group and theS. mystax group. If the ancestral geographic centre of origin is postulated as being within the region which is inhabited by the livingS. nigricollis group, the morphological distances between any pairs of groups correlate well with the geographic distances between them.
Concerning the dental and cranial morphologies, the physical changes in the three species group probably took place in two
directions; that is, from theS. nigricollis group to theS. mystax group, and from theS. nigricollis group to theS. midas group.
The forms belonging to each species group are more closely related to each other, with the exception ofS. imperator in theS. mystax group. The uniqueness ofS. imperator was clearly demonstrated by factor analysis and distance analysis. In theS. mystax group, although still hypothetical,S. imperator may have been related only through the basic ancestral stock toS. labiatus andS. mystax. 相似文献
8.
A secondary in vitro response to alphaviruses Bebaru, Sindbis, and Semliki Forest is described. Optimum response appears at day 5–6 of culture. The cells responsible for lytic activity are nonadherent, -positive, Ig–, and mainly Ly-2.1 positive. Out of five haplotypes tested (H- 2
d
,H- 2
b
,H- 2
s
,H- 2
q
, andH- 2
k
) onlyH- 2
k
was a responder. Genetic mapping of the response located it solely in theD region of theH- 2 complex. The other four haplotypes responded with a high antiself activity after a second stimulation with viruses. This antiself response also maps in theD region of theH- 2 complex. No complementation was observed in F1 hybrids between responder and nonresponder strains. 相似文献
9.
Four cases of intra-H-2 recombination were detected during serological screening of 1066 backcross animals produced fromH-2b/H-2t1 heterozygous mice. Three of the intra-H-2 recombinants received theK region fromH-2t1 and theD region from theH-2b parental chromosome. The remaining recombinant received theK region from theH-2b parental chromosome and theD region fromH-2t1. Three of the four recombinants have been developed into inbred lines TBR2, TBR3, and TBR4 and were assigned the haplotype designations at2, at3, and at4. Ss typing revealed that TBR2 and TBR3 originated fromK- S interval crossover events, while the remaining two recombinants resulted from crossing over in theS- D interval. 相似文献
10.
The mouse strain B10.D2-H-2da carries the mutantH-2da allele, derived after chemical induction, and this has been shown to be a gain and loss mutation involving theH-2Dd locus.BALB/c- H-2db, derived spontaneously, is a loss mutation only, and appears not to involve theH-2Dd, but rather theH-2Ld locus. The two mutations effectboth graft rejection and serologically detected H-2 specificities (Type II mutation). In the experiments described in this study, theloss mutations in theH-2da andH-2db mutants have been compared by skin grafting, and by direct and absorption serological techniques: (1) By skin grafting, using the well established complementation method, it has been shown thatH-2da andH-2db do not complement each other, i.e., the mutation in both occurred at the same locus. However, by appropriate selection of donor and recipient, it has become clear thatH-2da had a greater loss than didH-2db, althoughH-2da includes the loss found inH-2db. (2) Serological studies have demonstrated that H-2D.4 was altered inH-2da, but not inH-2db; H-2.28 (detected by D-28b and D-29) was decreased or lost in both mutants;H-2db anti-BALB/c failed to react withH-2da; both mutants reacted similarly with D-28 sera. In addition, sera made usingH-2da as donor did not contain an anti-H 2.28 antibody. The loss mutation involvingH-2da therefore appears to have led also to the loss of H-2.28 as found inH-2db. We conclude that theH-2da strain arose after a complex mutation or recombination event which involvedboth theH-2Dd locus and the closely linkedH-2Ld locus, whereasH-2db affects only theH-2L locus. 相似文献
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Avner PR Dove WF Dubois P Gaillard JA Guénet JL Jacob F Jakob H Shedlovsky A 《Immunogenetics》1978,7(1):103-115
Two cultured lines of murine embryonal carcinoma, F9 and PCC3, have been grafted to a variety of allogeneic hosts. The host strains have been classified by their resistance or sensitivity to these carcinomas. Resistance seems to be immunological in nature.Allograft rejection does not correlate withH-2 haplotype, and seems to be controlled by a limited number of recessive factors, presumably histocompatibility genes. We infer that these factors have limited polymorphism in the mouse species. Recombinational analysis of strain A/He has revealed the presence of a recessive factor linked to theH-2 locus. Tumor resistance of strains C57BL/6 and AKR appears to result from the interaction of dominant or semi-dominant factors in theH-2 region with other recessive elements in the genetic background.Though F1 hybrids between resistant mouse strains and the syngeneic strain 129 are largely tumor-sensitive, a low level of hybrid resistance to F9 has been observed and shown to be eliminated by X-irradiation. 相似文献
14.
The location of thereeler (rl) locus in mice in the paracentromeric part of chromosome (Chr) 5, proximal to theT(5;12)31H translocation breakpoint, has been confirmed. Analysis of DNA from animals with different doses of the proximal part of Chr
5 and from congenic mice showed that thePgy-1 locus is the closest marker torl, whereasEn-2 is located farther, distal to theT31H breakpoint. Together with recently published evidence (Martin et al. 1989), our data suggest the following order:Cen-rl/Pgy-1-T31H-En-2. 相似文献
15.
Sun Ha Kim Hyun Sook Lee Won Yong Song Kwan Sam Choi Yoonkang Hur 《Journal of Plant Biology》2007,50(1):1-7
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich proteins that bind to heavy metals. Type-1 MTs function under
various abiotic stresses, including exposure to the cadmium ion. We have now isolated theBrassica rapa type-1 metallothioneirt gene (BrMT1)using yeast systems, and have found that it confers resistance to Cd in otherwise Cd-sensitive yeast. Using a constitutive CaMV35S
promoter and an RbsS transit peptide, we successfully targeted BrMT1 to the chloroplastsof Arabidopsis. Overexpression in either the chloroplasts or the cytosol effectively detoxified cadmium and H2O2 stresses in transgenicArabidopsis. in particular, the chloropfast-targeted BrMTl was associated with a significant reduction in paraquat-induced chlorosis and
the accumulation of H2O2. This is the first report regarding the effects of type-1 MT1 targeted to chloroplasts. Our results suggest that this may
be applicable to the development of plants with enhanced tolerance against environmental stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chloroplast DNA restriction site variation was examined for 35 taxa in theVernonieae and four outgroup tribes, using 17 restriction enzymes mapped for ca. 900 restriction sites per species; 139 mutations were found to be phylogenetically informative. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Wagner and weighted parsimony, and evaluated by bootstrap and decay analyses. Relationships of Old and New World taxa indicate complex geographical relationships; there was no clear geographic separation by hemisphere. The relationships between Old and New World Vernonias found here support prior morphological analyses. The sister group to all New and most Old World taxa was composed of a small group of Old World species including yellow-flowered, trinervate-leaved species previously postulated to be basal in the tribe. The majority of both New and Old World taxa are derived from a lineage beginning with the monotypic genusStokesia, an endemic of the southeastern United States. The genusVernonia was also found to be paraphyletic within both the New and Old World. Available data do not support either the separation ofVernonia or the tribeVernonieae into geographically distinct lineages. The pattern of relationships within theVernonieae for taxa from North America, Asia, Africa, Central and South America is most similar to that of several other groups of both plants and animals with a boreotropical origin, rather than an origin in Gondwanaland. Such a pattern of distribution suggests more ancient vicariant events than are routinely postulated for theAsteraceae. 相似文献
17.
Cloning, characterization, and expression of two cDNA clones for a rice ferulate-5-hydroxylase gene, a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jin-Hong Kim Dae Hwa Yang Jae-Sung Kim Myung-Hwa Baek Young Mi Park Seung Gon Wi Jae-Young Cho Byung Yeoup Chung 《Journal of Plant Biology》2006,49(3):200-204
18.
Rabbit lymph node cells (Ig+Ig?) were separated into Ig+ and Ig? populations by rosette formation with anti-Ig antibody-coated erythrocytes and centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque. Subpopulations of Ig+ cells were obtained by treating rosetted cells with autologous serum which dissociated approximately half of the rosettes. The stable rosetted cells (Ig+ S) were separated from the labile unrosetted cells (Ig+L) by centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque. The Ig+S population contained most of the Ig-secreting cells and responded poorly to mitogens. The Ig+L population contained few Ig-secreting cells and responded well to mitogens. Approximately 50% of Ig+L cells became Ig+S when cultured with Ig? cells but this transition did not occur if Ig+S cells were added to the culture at the start of the incubation period. Purified Ig+ L cells lost their ability to form rosettes when cultured by themselves but retained their ability to form rosettes when cultured wih Ig? cells. The data indicate that the Ig+S and Ig+L populations are at different stages in the differentiation of Ig+ cells (B cells) and that the Ig+L cells are subject to the regulatory influences of both Ig? and Ig+S cells. 相似文献
19.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an example of an intracellular pathogen that mediates the disease state through complex interactions with the host’s immune
system. Not only does this organism replicate in the hostile environment prevailing within the infected macrophage, but it
has also developed intricate mechanisms to inhibit several defence mechanisms of the host’s immune system. It is postulated
here that the mediators of these interactions with the host are products of differentially expressed genes in the pathogen.
B and T cell responses of the host are hence to be used as tools to identify such gene products from an expression library
of theMycobacterium tuberculosis genome. The various pathways of generating a productive immune response that may be targeted by the pathogen are discussed 相似文献
20.
Rosella Mollicone Annem Dalix Anita Jacobsson Bo E Samuelsson Gilbert Gerard Karine Crainic Thierry Callard Jacques Le Pendu Rafael Oriol 《Glycoconjugate journal》1988,5(4):499-512
Based on the genetic model proposing thatH andSe are two structural genes, we predicted that the red cell H-deficient, salivary ABH secretor phenotype should be found on Reunion island, where a large series of H-deficient non-secretor families have been previously described. Two such Reunion individuals are now reported. POU [Ah, Le(a–b+), secretor of A, H, Lea and Leb in saliva] and SOU [Oh, Le(a–b+), secretor of H, Lea and Leb in saliva]. Both are devoid of H -2-fucosyltransferase activity in serum. In addition, the preparation of total non-acid glycosphingolipids from plasma and red cells of POU revealed the type 1ALeb heptaglycosylceramide and small amounts of the monofucosylated type 1 A hexaglycosylceramide. Both glycolipids possess an H structure probably synthesised by the product of theSe gene. No other blood group A glycolipids, with types 2, 3 or 4 chains, normally present in the presence of the product of theH gene, were found on red cells or plasma of POU.TheH,Se andLe genetic control of the expression of ABH and related antigens in different tissue structures of the skin is described in 54 H-normal individuals of known ABO, secretor and Lewis phenotypes; in one red cell H-deficient salivary secretor (SOU); and in one H-deficient non-secretor (FRA). Sweat glands express ABH under the control of theSe gene. Sweat ducts express ABH under the control of bothH andSe genes and Lewis antigens under the control ofLe and bothH andSe genes. Epidermis, vascular endothelium and red cells express ABH under the control of theH gene. The products ofH andSe genes are usually expressed in different cells. However, the results illustrate that in some structures, like the epithelial cells of sweat ducts, both the products ofH andSe genes can contribute to the synthesis of the same Leb structure. 相似文献