秦皮素对大肠埃希菌作用机制的初步研究

目的以大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922为供试菌,探讨秦皮素的抑菌活性及其作用机制。方法利用TTC法测定秦皮素对大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922的最低抑菌浓度;通过测定加药前后菌体培养液电导率和大分子的变化及观察扫描电镜和透射电镜电镜结果,分析秦皮素对其细胞膜的影响;通过SDS-PAGE测定秦皮素对供试菌株蛋白含量的影响;采用逐个检出法研究秦皮素对大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922质粒合成的抑制作用。结果秦皮素可抑制大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922的生长,其最低抑菌浓度为40μg/mL。秦皮素作用菌体5 h后,培养液中的电导率比对照组增加1.96%,但DNA和RNA大分子增加的不明显。秦皮素作用大肠埃希菌20 h后,菌体可溶性蛋白总量比对照组降低42%。秦皮素对大肠埃希菌的质粒有消除作用,药物作用48 h后,秦皮素对大肠埃希菌的质粒消除率为60.3%。结论秦皮素可抑制大肠埃希菌的生长,其抑菌作用机制与抑制菌体内蛋白质合成和消除菌体内的质粒有关,但对大肠埃希菌细胞膜的影响不大。     

亚抑菌浓度姜黄素对 大肠埃希菌泳动和丛动的影响

目的研究姜黄素对大肠埃希菌运动能力的影响。方法在体外应用微量法测量姜黄素对大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922的药物敏感性,用半固体培养基法测定姜黄素对大肠埃希菌泳动和丛动能力的影响,并测定姜黄素作用下相关基因的表达变化。结果姜黄素对大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922的MIC为100μg/mL,MBC为200μg/mL;亚抑菌浓度的姜黄素可抑制大肠埃希菌泳动和丛动,下调fimB等基因及调控sRNA GcvB的表达。结论亚抑菌浓度姜黄素能抑制大肠埃希菌泳动和丛动能力,并抑制泳动和丛动基因及相关sRNA的表达。     

汤姆青霉PT95和Q1菌株产酶活力及抗菌活性研究

为探讨汤姆青霉菌株产酶活力以及抑菌性能。实验采用Folin酚法、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)糖化力法、二硝基水杨酸(DNS)比色法和对硝基苯酚法进行蛋白酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力测定;同时采用牛津杯法测定发酵滤液对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)的抑制作用,并测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明PT95菌株产蛋白酶活力为230.473 U、纤维素酶活力为3.463 U,产淀粉酶活力为1.679 MMU、脂肪酶活力10.793 U;Q1菌株产蛋白酶活力为167.247 U、纤维素酶活力为2.147 U,产淀粉酶活力为1.402 MMU、脂肪酶活力为6.350 U;PT95菌株对枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌抑菌率分别可以达到53.73%和19.47%,Q1菌株对三种待测菌都有抑菌作用,抑菌率分别是56.37%(枯草芽孢杆菌)、26.87%(金黄色葡萄球菌)和19.47%(大肠杆菌),两株菌株发酵液中均存在抑菌物质,且均对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌率最高,两株菌的发酵液对枯草芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为0.64和0.32 mg/mL。     

亚抑菌浓度头孢他啶对大肠埃希菌生物膜形成的影响与其耐药性相关性研究

目的:探讨亚抑菌浓度头孢他啶对大肠埃希菌生物膜形成的影响与细菌耐药性、超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)产生及ESBLs基因分型的相关性,为临床生物膜感染的治疗和抗生素的合理使用提供理论依据。方法:大肠埃希菌最低抑菌浓度(MIC)检测采用琼脂平板倍比稀释法,超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLS)表型确证实验采用双纸片协同法,大肠埃希菌ESBLs基因检测采用PCR扩增,生物膜形成能力检测采用96孔板结晶紫染色法。结果:50株大肠埃希菌临床株对青霉素类、氟喹诺酮类、头孢哌酮及复方新诺明具有较高的耐药性,而对阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦敏感性较高。所有菌株均对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物敏感。31株大肠埃希菌为ESBLs阳性菌株。CTX-M、TEM、OXA、SHV和VEB基因阳性率分别为93.5%、83.9%、19.4%、16.1%和3.2%。亚-MIC头孢他啶对9株(18.0%)大肠埃希菌生物膜形成具有抑制作用。亚-MIC头孢他啶对大肠埃希菌生物膜形成的影响与细菌耐药性和ESBLs均无相关性(P0.05)。结论:亚-MIC头孢他啶对大肠埃希菌生物膜形成的调控作用与细菌耐药性、产ESBLs及ESBLs基因分型均无相关性。     

戊己丸对幽门螺杆菌感染胃炎小鼠胃内微生物及酶的影响

目的探讨戊己丸对幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染胃炎小鼠的疗效与胃肠道微生物及酶活性的关系,从微生态学角度研究戊己丸的疗效机制。方法通过建立H.pylori感染胃炎小鼠模型,随机分为正常组、模型组、克拉霉素组、戊己丸组,分别灌胃给药克拉霉素、戊己丸,分析胃内菌群数及酶活性。结果模型组中的细菌数、大肠埃希菌数、双歧杆菌数及乳酸菌数较正常组有显著性或极显著性增加(P0.05或P0.01),真菌数与正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),蛋白酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶的酶活与正常组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);克拉霉素治疗组的大肠埃希菌数、真菌数已恢复至正常(P0.05),但细菌数、双歧杆菌数和乳酸菌数显著性或极显著性减少(P0.05或P0.01),淀粉酶的酶活已恢复至正常水平(P0.05),蛋白酶和纤维素酶的酶与和正常组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);戊己丸治疗组的细菌数和真菌数已恢复至正常(P0.05),大肠埃希菌数、双歧杆菌数和乳酸菌数正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),淀粉酶的酶活已恢复至正常水平(P0.05),蛋白酶和纤维素酶的酶活与正常组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论戊己丸能显著调节H.pylori感染胃炎小鼠胃内微生物及酶活性.     

野生黄芩内生真菌的分离鉴定及抗菌活性筛选

从野生黄芩的根、茎、叶中分离出97株内生真菌, 其中33株来自生长期植株, 64株来自成熟期植株。经分类鉴定, 隶属于38个属, 优势属为Alternaria, 成熟期的属种多样性高于生长期。将其中的95株内生真菌对14种指示菌进行抑菌试验, 发现其中91株内生真菌对一种或多种指示菌具有抑菌活性, 占分离菌株总数的95.8%。野生黄芩内生真菌对大肠杆菌CGMCC1.1103、枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC1.769、蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC1361、致病性大肠埃希氏菌ATCC49105、白色假丝酵母ATCC10231、小孢拟盘多毛孢CNUMB2PM01等6个指示菌菌株抑菌效果较好; 对单核细胞增生李斯特菌ATCC27708、普通变形杆菌ATCC33420、肠炎沙门氏菌ATCC14208、副溶血型弧菌ATCC27519、宋内氏痢疾杆菌ATCC51060、九州镰孢霉CNUMB2FK01等6个指示菌菌株抑菌效果较差; 对深红酵母CGMCC2.282和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC12600没有抑制作用。     

花椒挥发油的化学成分分析及体外抑菌活性研究

目的:明确花椒挥发油的主要化学成分及对部分细菌、真菌的体外抑菌活性.方法:①采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取花椒中挥发油并进行GC/MS分析;②K-B纸片扩散法和浓度稀释法测试6种菌株(金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923、大肠埃希菌ATCC25922、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC27853、枯草杆菌ATCC6633、白色假丝酵母菌ATCC90028、近平滑假丝酵母菌ATCC22019)体外抑菌活性.结果:①GC/Ms法分离出80余个峰,鉴定出81种物质,用面积归一法确定其相对百分含量;其中5种化合物已占到总量的60%以上,分别为桉树脑15.64%、4-萜品醇15.60%、D-柠檬油精13.72%、β-月桂烯10.20%、α-蒎烯4.03%.②花椒挥发油除对铜绿假单胞菌抑菌活性不明显外,对其它5种菌株均有较好的抑菌活性.结论:①花椒挥发油中化学成分复杂,其中含量超过5%的成分仅4种且最高含量小于16%.②花椒挥发油具有明显体外抑菌活性.     

酶解法制备姜汁及其抑制大肠埃希菌O157：H7的研究

目的探究酶解对生姜出汁率及姜汁悬浮稳定性的影响,并测定经过酶解处理及未经酶解处理的生姜姜汁对大肠埃希菌O157：H7的抑菌活性。方法新鲜的生姜清水洗净后切块,放人组织捣碎机中打浆,所得浆液利用果胶酶和淀粉酶进行酶解。采用共培养法测定了制得的姜汁对大肠埃希菌O157：H7的抑菌活性。结果最适酶解条件为,加入3nag淀粉酶60℃酶解50min,灭酶后将pH调至4,再加入3mg果胶酶于45℃酶解50min。结果显示经酶解处理的姜汁对大肠埃希菌O157：H7的抑菌率远大于未经酶解处理的姜汁,酶解处理的姜汁其抑菌率最高达到86％。结论该方法能够有效提高生姜的出汁率及姜汁对大肠埃希菌O157：H7的抑菌效果。     

大肠埃希菌α溶血素的研究进展

大肠埃希菌α溶血素是RTX毒素家族的典型代表,也是大肠埃希菌肠外感染的重要毒力因子之一。详细介绍了大肠埃希菌α溶血素的成熟、分泌、溶血机理及其生物学效应,这将对大肠埃希菌肠外感染的研究具有重要意义,同时对原核细胞与真核细胞之间的相互作用以及其他细菌溶血素致病机制研究有借鉴作用。     

纳米银溶胶介导的表面增强拉曼用于细菌的鉴定研究

运用表面增强拉曼散射(Surface enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)方法,实现两种大肠埃希菌和两种金黄色葡萄球菌间的高效检测与鉴别。最终为临床上细菌的鉴别与分类提供一种快速有效的鉴别方法。利用微波法制备了适合细菌SERS检测的纳米银溶胶,并以耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aurens,MRSA)为检测样本,优化了银溶胶与菌液的体积比、作用时间,得到最佳测试条件为银溶胶与菌液(麦氏浊度为0.5)体积比为1?2,作用时间为1 h,将其用于两种大肠埃希菌JM109、DH5α和两种金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923、MRSA的SERS检测,并对相应特征峰进行归属。分别选择了30例大肠埃希菌JM109、DH5α和30例金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923和MRSA作为样本训练集,6例大肠埃希菌JM109、DH5α和6例ATCC25923、MRSA为测试集,基于主成分分析法(PCA)联合线性判别法(LDA)模型,JM109、DH5α训练集分类正确率为93.33%,ATCC25923、MRSA训练集分类正确率为76.67%,盲测集分类正确率分别为91.67%、75%。结果表明,制备的银纳米溶胶作为增强介质测得的不同细菌的SERS图谱使用该判别模型时能较好地区分不同种类的细菌,而对于同种细菌的普通菌和耐药菌的鉴别效果相对较差。本研究为临床上细菌的快速准确鉴别与分类提供参考。     

Antibacterial Diphenyl Ether,Benzophenone and Xanthone Derivatives from Aspergillus flavipes

The extract of the strain Aspergillus flavipes DL‐11 exerted antibacterial activities against six Gram‐positive bacteria. During the following bioassay‐guided separation, ten diphenyl ethers ( 1 – 10 ), two benzophenones ( 11 – 12 ), together with two xanthones ( 13 – 14 ) were isolated. Among them, 4′‐chloroasterric acid ( 1 ) was a new chlorinated diphenyl ether. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, NMR experiments, and by comparison with the literature data. All compounds showed moderate to strong antibacterial effects on different Gram‐positive bacteria with MIC values that ranged from 3.13 to 50 μg/mL, but none of the compounds exhibited activity against Gram‐negative bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC17802 (MIC>100 μg/mL). In particular, the MICs of some compounds are at the level of positive control.     

Inhibition effect of epigallocatechin gallate on the growth and biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common marine foodborne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis. With the long-term use of antibiotics, many bacteria become resistant; therefore, developing antibiotic-free antimicrobial strategies is urgent. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a constituent of polyphenols present abundantly in tea extract, has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and is non-toxic. Here, we take advantage of these properties of EGCG to evaluate its inhibition effect on the growth and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus 17802, and explore its antibacterial mechanism. It was found that EGCG showed antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus 17802, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was estimated to be 128 μg ml⁻¹. Results of crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) evidenced that EGCG hindered its biofilm formation. Moreover, the swimming motility and extracellular polysaccharides were also notably inhibited. The antibacterial mechanism was further confirmed by several assays, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and live/dead staining assay, together with membrane permeability assay, which all suggested that EGCG caused damage to cell membrane and made it lose integrity, eventually resulting in the death of V. parahaemolyticus 17802. The bactericidal activity of EGCG verified its potential as a promising candidate to combat foodborne pathogen.     

Ciprofloxacin-Induced Antibacterial Activity is Reversed by Vitamin E and Vitamin C

In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of oxidative stress in ciprofloxacin-induced cytotoxicity against several reference bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Oxidative stress was assessed by measurement of hydrogen peroxide generation using a FACScan flow cytometer. The antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin was assessed using the disk diffusion method and by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Ciprofloxacin induced a dose-dependent antibacterial activity against all bacteria where the highest tested concentration was 100 ug/ml. Results revealed that E. coli cells were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin (MIC = 0.21 μg/mL ± 0.087), P. aeruginosa and S. aureus cells were intermediately sensitive (MIC = 5.40 μg/mL ± 0.14; MIC = 3.42 μg/mL ± 0.377, respectively), and MRSA cells were highly resistant (MIC = 16.76 μg/mL ± 2.1). Pretreatment of E. coli cells with either vitamin E or vitamin C has significantly protected cells against ciprofloxacin-induced cytotoxicity. These results indicate the possible antagonistic properties for vitamins C or E when they are used concurrently with ciprofloxacin.     

Response of Pathogenic Vibrio Species to High Hydrostatic Pressure

Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 27562, Vibrio cholerae O:1 ATCC 14035, Vibrio cholerae non-O:1 ATCC 14547, Vibrio hollisae ATCC 33564, and Vibrio mimicus ATCC 33653 were treated with 200 to 300 MPa for 5 to 15 min at 25°C. High hydrostatic pressure inactivated all strains of pathogenic Vibrio without triggering a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state; however, cells already existing in a VBNC state appeared to possess greater pressure resistance.     

绵羊生殖道抗菌肽

以屠宰场收集的新鲜、健康、雌性绵羊生殖器官为原材料．采用乙酸浸提、透析、Sephadex G-50凝胶过滤层析和反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)等方法分离纯化绵羊生殖道抗菌肽．以G+、G-和真菌为抗菌活性检测指示菌株,利用薄层琼脂糖孔穴扩散法、微量肉汤稀释法进行抗菌活性检测．对分离纯化所得纯品进行分子质量质谱测定、纯度鉴定、N端测序,并对其性质进行研究．结果表明：分离纯化所得两个绵羊生殖道抗菌肽分子质量分别为4820.47 u和4012.5 u,N端部分氨基 酸序列分别为AYVLDEPKP和YDSGA．对G+细菌(S. aureus ATCC2592、Streptococcu ATCC55121)、G-细菌(E． coli ATCC25922)、真菌(C． albicans ATCC2002)均具有良好的抑菌活性．对家兔红细胞无溶血活性,对人血液凝固无影响．目前未见有从绵羊生殖道分离纯化得到抗菌肽的报道,并且这一研究结果进一步证实抗菌肽在多种动物生殖道天然免疫防御方面起着重要作用．     

Effects of Cations and PH on Antimicrobial Activity of Thanatin and s-Thanatin Against Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and B. subtilis ATCC 21332

This study analyzes the in vitro effects of cations and pH on antimicrobial activity of thanatin and s-thanatin against Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and B. subtilis ATCC21332. Thanatin and s-thanatin were synthesized by the solid-phase method using a model 432A synthesizer. The bacterial strains tested included two antibiotic-susceptible strains of Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and B. subtilis ATCC21332. Susceptibility determinations were carried out either in a variety of cation concentrations or in pH conditions from pH 5 to pH 8. NaCl or KCl was added to the media to final concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 100, 200, and 500 mM, whereas CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ were added to the media to final concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mM. The antimicrobial activity of thanatin and s-thanatin against Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and B. subtilis ATCC21332 decreased, as indicated by the increasing minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of both peptides with increasing concentrations of Na⁺/K⁺/Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺. Both peptides lost their activities at 500 mM Na⁺/K⁺ but retained them at 20 mM Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺. Both peptides have MICs that are not significantly different at a variety of pH levels, with the antimicrobial activity slightly higher in neutral or slightly basic media than under acidic conditions. The antimicrobial peptides thanatin and s-thanatin, which have an anti-parallel β-sheet constrained by disulfide bonds, were salt sensitive against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in vitro. Determining the reason why the thanatins are salt sensitive would be useful to provide an understanding of how thanatin and s-thanatin kill bacteria. Futher investigation of the antimicrobial properties of these peptides is warranted. G. Wu and J. Ding contributed equally to this article.     

In-vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Bauhinia variegata,locally known as koiralo

Bauhinia variegata, commonly known as Koiralo is considered as medicinal plant in Nepal and India. The alcoholic extract of this plant was found to have antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6635) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Vibrio cholerae. The largest zone of inhibition (18 mm) was found to be exhibited against B. subtilis. For this organism the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the crude extract was 0.39 mg/ml. The extract was found to be more effective against gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was found to be decreased during purification.     

A Newly Characterized Potentially Probiotic Strain,Lactobacillus brevis MK05, and the Toxicity Effects of its Secretory Proteins Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Among seven strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditional dairy products, a Lactobacillus strain was identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and tentatively designated as Lactobacillus brevis MK05. This strain demonstrated the highest probiotic potential through biochemical analysis, including acid and bile salt resistance, as well as antibacterial activity. The collected cell-free supernatant (CFC) of L. brevis MK05 culture, compared with MRS broth with pH equal to the pH for CFC, revealed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 25923), possibly due to the presence of antibacterial metabolites other than organic acids. This strain was, therefore, selected to assess the biological activity of its partially purified secretory proteins against MCF-7 cancer cells and normal fibroblast cells via the MTT assay. The partially purified cell-secreted proteins of this strain (hereafter referred to as Lb-PPSPs) showed a time and dose-dependent anti-cancer and apoptosis induction function. There was a remarkable decline in the survival rate of MCF-7 cells at doses equal to and higher than 0.5 mg/mL after 48 h. The changes in expression of the three genes involved in the apoptosis pathway (BAX, BCL-2, and BCL2L11) in MCF-7 cells treated with the Lb-PPSPs confirm its cytotoxic activity and apoptosis induction.

     

Distribution and significance of heterotrophic marine bacteria with antibacterial activity

Bacteria with antibacterial activity were isolated from seawater, sediments, phytoplankton, and zooplankton of Suruga, Sagami, and Tokyo Bays and from soft corals and sponges collected from the Taiwan coast. Of the 726 strains isolated, 37 showed antibacterial activity against either Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802) or Staphylococcus aureus (P209). Sediment harbored the lowest number of these forms of bacteria, and those from Tokyo Bay did not show any activity. Attached isolates showed greater activity compared with free-living forms. Relatively high numbers of strains with antibacterial activity were associated with phytoplankton. Among the zooplankton isolates, cladocerans harbored the maximum number of antibacterial strains. Isolates were more inhibitory to gram-positive test cultures. Autoinhibition was observed only among 8% of the isolates. Marine nonproducers were more susceptible. Pseudomonas/Alteromonas species made up 81.0% of isolates, of which 30% were pigmented strains. The absence or reduction in number of bacteria with antibacterial activity in Tokyo Bay is attributed to its eutrophic nature, which may tend to moderate the production of antibacterial compounds.     

Distribution and significance of heterotrophic marine bacteria with antibacterial activity.

Bacteria with antibacterial activity were isolated from seawater, sediments, phytoplankton, and zooplankton of Suruga, Sagami, and Tokyo Bays and from soft corals and sponges collected from the Taiwan coast. Of the 726 strains isolated, 37 showed antibacterial activity against either Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802) or Staphylococcus aureus (P209). Sediment harbored the lowest number of these forms of bacteria, and those from Tokyo Bay did not show any activity. Attached isolates showed greater activity compared with free-living forms. Relatively high numbers of strains with antibacterial activity were associated with phytoplankton. Among the zooplankton isolates, cladocerans harbored the maximum number of antibacterial strains. Isolates were more inhibitory to gram-positive test cultures. Autoinhibition was observed only among 8% of the isolates. Marine nonproducers were more susceptible. Pseudomonas/Alteromonas species made up 81.0% of isolates, of which 30% were pigmented strains. The absence or reduction in number of bacteria with antibacterial activity in Tokyo Bay is attributed to its eutrophic nature, which may tend to moderate the production of antibacterial compounds.