西班牙西北部San Isidro和Leitariegos地区全新世孢粉学的比较研究

文中报道了西班牙西北部San Isidro和Leitariegos地区两口钻井全新世孢粉学比较研究的结果.孢粉分种析结果显示了两地孢粉组合成分上的不同.根据从San Isidro地区泥炭沼泽获得的孢粉组合中乔木和灌木花粉百分含量变化,建立了两个组合带.孢粉植物群代表了一个松属占统治地位的森林,桦属、栎属、榛属等花粉含量变化序列可能和气温升高,降雨量增加有关.根据乔木花粉相对丰度变化,Leitariegos地区钻井剖面建立了3个孢粉组合.桦木属花粉含量增加说明是桦树林,栎属和榛属花粉居次要地位,松属花粉含量下降.文中还总结了两个孢粉序列所反映的人类活动、植被演替以及地形景观改变等之间的关系.两地钻井剖面底部碳同位素年代测定表明二者的底部并不同时.     

四万年来南海北部周边地区植被演替序列—孢粉生物群区化方法恢复古植被的尝试

就南海北部海域17940孔的孢粉资料,利用孢粉生物群区化方法和因子分析方法,对南海北部周边地区4万年以来的植被演替序列进行研究。结果表明：对于深海沉积物,在排除远距离搬运的花粉尤其是松属（Pinus L.)花粉的噪音后,可以利用孢粉生物群区化方法恢复周边大陆古植被演替序列。因子分析表明,湿度和温度的变化是影响南海北部周边大陆植被演化的主要因子。在40500－11100aBP南海北部沿海大陆地区的古植被,主要为常绿阔叶林（WAMF）,山地针叶林（MRGF）分布于低山、丘陵、而广泛出露的大陆架上则发育了以蒿属(Artemisia L.)为主的草原（STEP）景观：末次冰期时环境变化的突出特征山地针叶林（MRGF）、常绿阔叶林（WAMF）与草原（STEP）之间的频繁交替,反映了气候冷湿和温干的千年级尺度的迅速变化,可以与Heinrich事件以及Dansggard-Oscherge事件进行对比。其中在7.0m处（12700aBP)所恢复的山地针叶林（MRGF）景观反映了一次气候变冷变湿的事件,可能与新仙女木事件相对应。全新世早期和末期较多出现热带雨林（TRFO0以及热带季雨林（TSFO）景观,而全新世中期以常绿阔叶林（WAMF）为主,缺乏热带雨林（TRFO）以及热带季雨林（TSFO）景观,可能表明在全新世中期尽管温度升高,但湿度有可能降低。     

巢湖地区现代花粉—植被—人类活动关系研究

巢湖地区的孢粉研究多集中于化石孢粉, 相对缺少现代孢粉研究的支持。选取巢湖地区苔藓表土样品及湖泊表层底泥样品共49个进行孢粉分析, 探讨现代花粉与植被分布及人类活动的关系。结果表明: 花粉组合与当地植被有着很好的对应关系, 可以反映出当地的植被状况, 松属、栗属、落叶栎类、榆科、朴属、柳属、枫杨属、蔷薇科、十字花科、蒿属、紫菀属、禾本科(≤37 μm)、藜科和眼子菜属为花粉主要类型。现代花粉和钻孔花粉的匹配度较高, 可以为反演古植被古气候提供科学依据。花粉图谱和聚类分析将所有的采样点划分为4个土地利用类型。主成分分析相对划分出3个不同程度的人类活动影响区域: (1) 农田区—人类活动影响最强烈的区域; (2) 公园绿地区—人类活动影响较强的区域; (3) 次生林和湖心区—人类活动影响较弱的区域。巢湖地区十字花科花粉含量的变化在一定程度上可以区分人类活动的强弱, 有较强的指示作用。此外, 由于大规模开发、人工栽培以及次生林生长等因素均可能对花粉含量产生较大影响, 结合钻孔孢粉分析推测近1000年来巢湖地区松属、十字花科和谷物类禾本科花粉大量增加的主要影响因素极有可能是人为因素而非自然因素。     

四川螺髻山表土和化石孢粉揭示的环境生态意义

通过四川螺髻山（1984、2017年）表土和化石孢粉与植被的关系分析发现：孢粉组合中木本植物含量（91.0%）占绝对优势,松属、冷杉属、青冈属、常绿栎类、落叶栎类、桤木属、杜鹃花科、禾本科和蒿属为主要花粉类型;人工次生林花粉组合能很好地反映母体植被的群落特征,并可指示优势种的存在和人类活动痕迹;针阔混交林花粉组合能较好地反映群落整体特征,花粉类型能与母体植被中优势种较好地对应;常绿阔叶林、针叶林和灌丛草甸的花粉组合难以反映母体植被的群落特征。DCA表明,花粉谱的百分含量,能较好地区分人工扰动植被和天然植被,但人工次生林、常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林之间以及针叶林和灌丛草甸之间未能区分。30年前后表土孢粉组合变化明显,1984年样品以松属、青冈属和桤木属等花粉为主,而2017年采样分析中松属、桤木属花粉占绝对优势。随着人类活动的加强,部分地区松树和桤木大面积飞播或种植,表土孢粉组合对当地植被指示意义与扰动强度呈负相关关系。现生植被与表土孢粉组合的差异能为恢复古植被和古环境提供参考,但原生植被已经被破坏地区的孢粉图谱,就很难作为重建历史时期植被的根据。本研究可以为亚热带山地利用孢粉学恢复第四纪时期植被与气候,探讨人类活动与环境的关系提供理论依据和实践参考。     

中全新世以来福建东北地区植被与环境变化

本文提供了福建宁德市霞浦县沿海平原XPZK3钻孔的年代和孢粉记录用于研究中全新世以来福建东北地区的植被与环境变化。中全新世以来,研究区植被中亚热带木本成分逐步降低而落叶阔叶成分逐渐增多,反映气温逐步降低,与东亚季风和北半球温度变化的趋势相同,反映在轨道尺度上北半球夏季太阳辐射对东亚季风的影响。DCA分析显示,中全新世以来,人类活动是影响研究区植被变化的最主要因素,5 000 cal. yr BP以来,松属、草本植物花粉和蕨类孢子的逐步增加反映人类活动对植被的干扰逐步加重,尤其是1 370 cal. yr BP(南北朝)以来,反映人类活动的孢粉占主要地位,人类活动对植被产生了重要影响。     

根据花粉模拟的中国植被及6000aBP植被制图的初步探讨

通过建立现代植物花粉与植被的类比关系,运用花粉植被化模拟技术进行植被类型模拟和制图。首先利用中国表土花粉资料,设计了以生态学原理为基础的功能型植物,并组合成植被型,以运行植被模型。该实验能够模拟出中国现代的主要植被类型,其地理分布与实际植被有较好一致性。进一步对中全新世花粉资料运行,初步模拟了１１２个花粉样点上的植被类型,并做出了中全新世的植被分布图。该图能够与已有的研究成果相对比,它为恢复古植被提供了一个较客观地制图法。它的精度可以随着资料密度和花粉类型的增加而不断提高。该研究对国际性的全球古植被制图和对比气候模型驱动的植被模型有着较大的参考价值。     

印度库茂恩喜马拉雅纳尼塔尔温带地区晚全新世古植被和古气候

根据从印度库茂恩（Kumaun)喜马拉雅纳尼塔尔（Naini Tal)温带地区获得的85cm钻井的孢粉资料,恢复了1720＋／－130年以来晚全新世古植被演变史,并推测了当地的古气候,当前孢粉资料说明了该地区当时发育有栎树混交林和波动的温暖润气候,孢粉组合序列的初始阶段,森林距沉积盆地较远,但是,由于气候变得更加温暖潮湿,森林也很快茂密起来,约1200年前,因气候恶化,森林变得稀疏,而在约124年前,气候再次转好,麦类及其他作物花粉资料证明农耕活动大约开始于1460年前左右。     

我国东北全新世花粉分布图及其分析

根据６５个地点化石花粉分析资料,编制了我国东北全新世每隔每千年时间片断的花粉百分值图和花粉等时线图,并进行初步分析,花粉图展示了东北地区植被演化的主要特征。桦树在全新世初期遍布从三江平原到辽东半岛南端的东北东部地区,在森林中占据色对优势地位,榆属和栎属等阔叶乔枯木要在早全新世的大部分时间内是东部森林中的主要种类;在大约５ｋａＢＰ以后,松属在东北现在的森林地区开始增加,云,冷杉属也表现出较明显扩大,     

青藏高原全新世花粉记录

全新世青藏高原的花粉记录,反映高原东南部和西北部截然不同的孢粉类型。东南部主要国常绿硬叶种类及潮湿亚热带成分。而西北部几乎没有乔木树种花粉,主要为干旱灌丛和草原成分。文中根据青藏高原２０个湖沼孢粉资料,探讨了青藏高原全新世不同时段、不同地区的植被史及古气候状况。由于高原的特殊大气环流形势,夏半年受西南季风控制,由东南向西北,水份逐渐减弱;冬半年高原面受干冷西风环流影响,致使气候寒冷干燥。全新世植被     

晚更新世以来浙江余姚地区植被变化及人类活动

浙江余姚河姆渡镇7 m钻孔的孢粉记录提供了晚更新世以来的植被变化及其反映的气候变化和人类活动的历史.在全新世海侵之前,研究区发育常绿落叶阔叶混交林.全新世早中期,海侵发生,植被由亚热带针阔叶混交林发展为常绿落叶阔叶混交林,碳屑和禾本科(≥35/μm)花粉的增高说明,可能在河姆渡文化之前,研究区已经有人类活动.7 cal.kyr BP之后,高含量的禾本科(≥35 μm)花粉表明钻孔点的临近地区有水稻种植.亚热带与温带乔木花粉的比值(sub/tem)显示,在8 cal.kyr BP之前的海侵期间,浙江余姚地区气候最温暖湿润;7.5-5.86cal.kyr BP期间,温度低于海侵期但是仍然属于全新世暖期,温度高于现在;5.86 cal.kyr BP之后,温度下降;4cal.kyr BP之后温度进一步下降,接近现在.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.