PD-1、PD-L1的表达与肺癌临床病理特征及预后的相关性分析

目的:分析程序性死亡因子-1(PD-1)、程序性死亡1-配体(PD-L1)的表达与肺癌临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法:回顾性分析我院2015年3月～2016年6月收治的73例肺癌患者的临床资料,取距离切除肿瘤边缘3cm内的非癌组织作为癌旁组织。比较两组PD-1、PD-L1的表达,分析其和肺癌患者临床病理特征和预后的关系,采用COX比例回归分析肺癌患者预后的影响因素。结果:肺癌组织PD-1、PD-L1阳性表达率均显著高于癌旁组织(P0.05)。不同性别、年龄、病理类型、吸烟情况、EGFR表达、肿瘤大小肺癌患者PD-1、PD-L1的阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);低分化程度、临床分期Ⅲ及Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移肺癌患者PD-1、PD-L1阳性表达率分别高于中分化程度、临床分期Ⅲ期、无淋巴结转移患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PD-1、PD-L1阳性表达及阴性表达组无疾病进展生存期比较均有统计学差异(P0.05)。COX比例风险回归模型显示分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移、PD-1、PD-L1的表达是影响肺癌患者预后的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:肺癌组织PD-1、PD-L1呈高表达,可能参与肺癌的发生发展,有助于病情严重程度的评价和预后预测。     

PD-1/PD-L1参与骨髓间充质干细胞归巢修复慢阻肺大鼠的肺损伤

目的 研究程序性死亡蛋白1(programmed death-1, PD-1)/程序性死亡蛋白配体1(programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)在间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs）归巢修复慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）中的影响。方法 分离纯化骨髓来源MSCs,流式细胞术检测细胞表面分子表达,油红O染色、碱性磷酸酶染色分别观察MSCs成脂及成骨分化情况。采用烟气暴露法构建COPD大鼠模型,造模完成后将绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记的MSCs经尾静脉分别注射入正常及COPD大鼠模型中,通过观察肺部荧光评价MSCs的归巢效果;经尾静脉向COPD模型大鼠注射MSCs作为MSCs治疗组,模型组和正常对照组注射等体积生理盐水,HE染色观察各组大鼠肺脏组织病理改变,qRT-PCR比较各组大鼠肺脏组织PD-1的表达情况;体外qRT-PCR检测PD-L1在MSCs的表达,Transwell实验法观察PD-1及PD-L1抗体对MSCs定向迁移（归巢）的影响。结果 大鼠骨髓来源M...     

程序性死亡-1蛋白及其配体与移植免疫耐受相关性研究进展

通过对B7超家族分子中新热点:程序性死亡-1蛋白(PD-1)及其配体(PD-L1和PD-L2)的相关信息及其在免疫应答调控中的作用,以及其在心脏移植、肝脏移植、异体角膜移植、肾移植等领域的移植免疫耐受研究的结果认为,PD-1信号通路的增强已经成为各移植领域寻求增强免疫耐受的重要新途径,对其机制的进一步研究,将在临床器官移植领域拥有广阔的应用前景。     

程序性死亡配体-1在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨程序性死亡配体-1(PD-L1)在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2015年7月-2017年6月期间在我院接受治疗的鼻咽癌患者333例,收集其鼻咽癌组织作为观察组标本,另选取同期在我院接受治疗的慢性鼻咽炎患者102例的鼻咽炎组织作为对照组标本。采用免疫组化法和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测两组患者鼻咽组织中PD-L1蛋白和PD-L1 mRNA的表达,并分析观察组患者鼻咽癌组织中PD-L1蛋白和PD-L1 mRNA的表达与临床病理参数的关系。结果:对照组患者鼻咽炎组织中PD-L1蛋白的阳性率为0.00%(0/102),观察组患者鼻咽癌组织中PD-L1蛋白的阳性率为69.37%(231/333),两组PD-L1蛋白的阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。RT-PCR结果显示,对照组患者鼻咽炎组织中未见PD-L1 mRNA表达,观察组患者鼻咽癌组织中PD-L1 mRNA的相对表达水平为(0.82±0.27),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者鼻咽癌组织中PD-L1蛋白和PD-L1 mRNA的表达与年龄、性别无关(P0.05),而TNM分期为Ⅲ-Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移、有吸烟史患者鼻咽癌组织中PD-L1蛋白阳性率和PD-L1 mRNA的表达均高于TNM分期Ⅰ-Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移、无吸烟史患者(P0.05)。结论:在鼻咽癌组织中PD-L1蛋白和PD-L1 mRNA呈现高表达,且其表达与TNM分期、淋巴结转移、吸烟史有关。     

非小细胞肺癌组织中NF-κB p65与PD-1、PD-L1表达的相关性以及对预后的预测价值分析

摘要 目的：研究非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中核因子-κB（NF-κB）与程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）和程序性死亡配体1（PD-L1）表达的相关性以及对预后的预测价值。方法：回顾性收集2014年7月至2017年6月期间我院收治的NSCLC患者的临床资料和病理组织标本共80例作为研究对象,另选取同期30例癌旁正常肺组织,免疫组化法检测组织中NF-κB p65、PD-1和PD-L1的表达情况,分析PD-1和PD-L1表达的影响因素及与p65的相关性,Logistic回归分析影响患者预后的因素,分析p65、PD-1和PD-L1表达与患者预后的关系。结果：NSCLC组织中的p65、PD-1和PD-L1的阳性表达率均显著高于正常对照组织（P＜0.05）。TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结是否转移和p65表达为影响PD-1和PD-L1表达的因素（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果表明,p65与PD-1、PD-L1呈正相关（P＜0.05）。TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移、p65、PD-1和PD-L1的表达均为影响NSCLC患者预后的独立危险因素。p65、PD-1和PD-L1阴性表达组患者的总生存期（OS）显著长于p65、PD-1和PD-L1阳性表达患者（P＜0.05）。结论：NF-κB p65与PD-1、PD-L1的表达密切相关,p65、PD-1和PD-L1的表达情况对NSCLC患者的预后具有较高的预测价值。     

PD-L1降解途径与肿瘤免疫治疗

程序性死亡受体配体1 (programmed death ligand 1, PD-L1)是肿瘤免疫检查点阻断治疗中的重要靶点,其在多种细胞中均有表达。肿瘤细胞可通过高表达PD-L1来增强程序性死亡受体1 (programmed death 1, PD-1)抑制信号,从而促进肿瘤免疫逃逸。近年来,以抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体为代表的肿瘤免疫治疗给癌症治疗带来了革命性的变化。然而,肿瘤免疫治疗仅能对部分患者产生持久的疗效,多数患者对肿瘤免疫治疗的应答短暂或没有应答。研究发现, PD-L1的降解对肿瘤免疫治疗应答至关重要。本文综述了PD-L1的溶酶体降解途径、蛋白酶体降解途径及PD-L1降解与肿瘤免疫治疗的相互作用,旨在为进一步增强肿瘤免疫治疗的应答率和应答范围提供研究思路。     

PD-L1表达调控通路-治疗肿瘤潜在的新途径

癌细胞表面能表达多种免疫抑制蛋白,程序性死亡分子受体1配体(programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)是关键蛋白之一,可与免疫细胞(如T细胞、B细胞、树突状细胞和自然杀伤性T细胞)表面的程序性死亡受体-1(programmed death ligand,PD-1)结合,激活PD-1的免疫抑制作用,通过RAS/Raf/MEK/ERK、磷脂酶C-γ(phospholipase C-γ,PLC-γ)、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶-蛋白激酶B(PI3K-AKT)等通路下调机体免疫细胞功能,协助癌细胞进行免疫逃逸。故近年来应用免疫检查点PD-1、PD-L1抑制剂成为治疗恶性肿瘤的新手段。研究表明,PD-L1的表达受多种信号通路、相关蛋白和转录因子的调控,故本文就PD-L1的表达调控进行综述,寻求PD-L1表达调控通路能否作为抗肿瘤治疗新的靶点。     

免疫检查点程序性细胞死亡蛋白配体-1翻译后修饰及其在免疫治疗中的应用前景

免疫检查点程序性细胞死亡蛋白配体-1(programmed cell death 1 ligand 1,PD-L1)是一种主要表达于肿瘤细胞表面的免疫抑制性分子,其可与T淋巴细胞表面的程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)结合,抑制T淋巴细胞的激活,发挥免疫抑...     

不同检测策略在预测非小细胞肺癌的PD1/PD-L1抑制剂临床疗效中的应用

近10年来,程序性死亡因子1(programmed death-1,PD-1)及其配体(programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)的抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的临床治疗中取得了重大突破,有望改变晚期NSCLC的治疗方式。然而,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在对NSCLC的治疗中需要借助有效的生物标志物以寻找受益人群(约20%～40%)。目前,临床上主要的判断标准是PD-L1的表达水平。本文综述了近年来在NSCLC中,与预测PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂疗效的PD-L1表达相关的检测方法,包括免疫组化、基于DNA/RNA水平检测、可溶性PD-L1的检测、正电子发射断层显像(positron emission tomography,PET)技术、多重免疫组化技术、流式细胞术和液体活检技术等,着重探讨了不同检测策略在评价PD-L1表达上的最新进展及应用前景,从而推动其在NSCLC免疫治疗中的临床应用。     

PD-1/PD-L1信号通路及相关抗体在宫颈癌免疫治疗中的应用

程序性死亡蛋白1(PD-1)是T细胞上主要存在的一种抑制性受体,其与程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)相互作用,可抑制T细胞增殖、活化和细胞因子的分泌。在肿瘤进展中,PD-1/PD-L1信号通路能够抑制T细胞的免疫反应而促进肿瘤免疫逃逸的发生。PD-1及PD-L1作为一种免疫应答的关键调控蛋白,与宫颈癌的发生发展及预后密切相关,PD-1及PD-L1抗体的深入研究将为治疗宫颈癌提供新的分子靶标。本文就PD-1/PD-L1生物学结构功能、在肿瘤的发生发展中的作用及其抗体在宫颈癌免疫治疗中的应用前景作一简要综述。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.