冻干前处理对双歧杆菌存活率影响的探讨

目的探索提高双歧杆菌菌体存活率的方法。方法分别考察冻干前处理的三种因素(菌泥暴露于空气中的时间、保护剂的温度以及混合时间)对青春双歧杆菌菌体存活率的影响。结果菌泥直接暴露于空气中,对双歧杆菌的存活有较大的影响,生产过程应尽量缩短暴露于空气中的时间;预先冷却到5~10℃的保护剂比常温的保护剂的保护效果更好;适当延长保护剂的混合时间,让保护剂充分渗入菌体内,能显著提高双歧杆菌的冻干存活率。结论冻干前处理对青春双歧杆菌存活有显著影响,缩短菌泥暴露于空气中的时间、保护剂预先冷却、适当延长混合时间可以有效保持菌体的存活率。     

直投式酸奶发酵剂中双歧杆菌的分离

介绍一种简便可行的从直投式酸奶发酵荆中分离双歧杆菌的方法。发酵剂在液体培养基中活化后,在不同选择培养基上划线分离,根据菌落及菌体形态确定双歧杆菌。然后进行初步鉴定。     

双歧豆奶菌种的驯化研究

选用青春双歧杆菌在 A、B、C三种培养基上进行耐氧和凝固驯化 ,经 2 8代筛选出一株耐氧性并在 C培养基上进行耐氧和凝固驯化 ,经 2 8代筛选出一株耐氧性并在 C培养基中由 5 6 h可发生凝固 ,最后缩短到 12 h发生凝固的青春双歧杆菌 ;在 PYG和豆乳培养基中进行耐酸驯化 ,经 15代筛出一株能在p H4.7°T90的发酵豆乳中存活的青春双歧杆菌 ;在 BCPYC液体和固体培养基中进行耐热驯化 ,经 14代筛选出一株能在 47℃± 1℃的环境中生长的青春双歧杆菌。本菌在改良的 NPNL双歧选择培养基中生长 ,形态、培养与生化特性与原菌种无差异。     

水貂粪便中双歧杆菌的分离与鉴定

目的运用TPY培养基,从健康水貂的粪便中分离培养、筛选出2个肠道菌株。方法细菌培养、菌落形态观察、染色镜检、分离纯化、生化试验和药敏试验。结果分离培养出的2株菌株为双歧杆菌,其中1株为长双歧杆菌,另1株为青春双歧杆菌;双歧杆菌对氯霉素极其敏感,对阿米卡星耐药。结论本实验为毛皮特种经济动物微生态制剂的研究工作奠定了基础。     

益生菌体外增殖因子的初步研究

目的研究单糖、pH、温度及时间对青春双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌和类干酪乳杆菌体外增殖的影响。方法用甘露糖、半乳糖、山梨醇及果糖代替MRS中的葡萄糖,筛选出每种细菌的最适碳源。以此为基础,选择其最佳初始pH、培养温度、碳源添加量及培养时间。结果青春双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌和类干酪乳杆菌的最适碳源分别为葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖;最佳初始pH为6.0、7.0和6.0;培养温度为42、30和30℃;碳源添加量为20、15和25 g/L;培养时间都为28-48 h。结论益生菌具有不同的最适增殖条件,本文研究结果为优化益生菌的生长条件提供了基础数据。     

猪血培养双歧杆菌的初步报告

有关猪血培养肠道菌、化脓球菌、原虫等 ,早在 5 0年代我们已做过报导 ,但利用猪血培养厌氧双歧杆菌 (Bifidobac-terium )尚未见报导。近年来 ,我们研究生产双歧杆菌口服液 ,用猪血做原料已取得良好的效果 ,现介绍如下 :其方法同一般培养基制造 ,根据需要既可做固体培养基也可做成液体培养基 ,因双歧杆菌属于厌氧杆菌 ,故在制作时勿忘加上一半胱氨酸。结果 :经过适当时间培养 ,在液体培养基内 ,双歧杆菌的形态典型 ,有的呈棒状 ,分叉状 ,哑铃状 ,Y、V字型等而且菌体肥大 ,如新培养的菌体内可见 3～ 5个粒状浓染物。另在液体培养基内生长数…     

双歧杆菌丝状体生长形态初探

研究双歧杆菌在特定培养条件下生长及增殖模式的变化.采用不同浓度维生素B6和维生素E烟酸酯药敏纸片联合影响双歧杆菌生长,通过革兰染色和原子力显微镜扫描观察双歧杆菌的生长、增殖情况.在维生素B6和维生素E联合作用下,双岐杆菌出现丝状体群集生长的现象,且二分裂增殖方式受到抑制.第1次转种于普通培养基中可保持此种生长增殖方式,但连续转种3次后会恢复常规生长增殖方式.不同浓度维生素B6和维生素E烟酸酯药敏纸片联合可诱生双歧杆菌丝状体.     

提高双歧杆菌活菌制剂常温贮存稳定性的实验研究

以Ｄ８５０４青春双歧杆菌为实验３菌株,对活菌制剂常温保存的稳定性问题探讨。首先对菌种进行耐温耐氧驯化试验,然后进行双歧杆菌菌体冻干过程中加入适宜保护剂试验。结果双歧杆菌活菌制剂常温保存的稳定性显著提高。经常温贮存２７０ｄ后检测,质量符合规定。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养过程中沉淀的研究

为了减少氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养过程中产生的沉淀,对氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养过程中产生的沉淀物进行了研究,确定了在pH为1．5,K2HPO4用量为0．25g/l,KH2PO4为0．195g/l时菌体可以保持其最高氧化活性,同时产生最少量沉淀物的培养条件,并发现沉淀物对菌体的生长和氧化Fe^2 没有影响。利用饥饿状态的氧化亚铁硫杆菌证明了菌体在一定条件下可以利用黄铁钒沉淀中的部分离子进行生长繁殖。     

双歧杆菌对食管癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及细胞周期的影响

目的探讨青春双歧杆菌对食管癌EC109细胞的增殖抑制作用及对细胞周期的影响。方法用MTT比色法测定EC109细胞活性,用流式细胞仪测定EC109细胞周期。结果青春双歧杆菌对EC109细胞具有显著的增殖抑制作用,并呈剂量和时间依赖性;经青春双歧杆菌处理后,EC109细胞周期发生变化：细胞分裂阻滞于G1期。结论青春双歧杆菌可通过影响细胞周期抑制食管癌EC109细胞的生长。     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Host plants of someRhinanthoideae (Scrophulariaceae) of eastern North America

Twenty three species in 11 genera were examined in the field to determine hosts. OnlyStriga asiatica andSeymeria cassioides have a narrow host range being restricted to grasses and pines, respectively. These are the only species which cause pronounced and sometimes serious host damage. The other species attach to a great diversity of hosts.     

Apoptotic Regulation of Caspase Activity

Intracellular cysteine aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) play both signaling and effector roles in realizing the program of cell death. Caspases function as proteolytic cascades unique for each cell type and signal triggering apoptosis. All parts of the proteolytic cascades are duplicated and controlled by feedback signals. Amplification cycles between pairs of caspases (the third and the sixth, the ninth and the third, the twelfth and the sixth, and others) help multiply the initial apoptotic signal. The presence of physiological inhibitors of apoptosis that directly interact with caspases creates a multilevel regulatory network of apoptosis in cell. The caspase proteolytic cascades are also regulated by sphingolipid secondary messengers, among them ceramide, sphingosine, and their phosphates. Moreover, an association of the caspase signaling with ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is shown in cells. In particular, the use of extracellular activators and inhibitors of caspases allows irreversible activation of apoptosis in tumor cells or the prevention of apoptosis in cortical neurons under neurodegenerative diseases.     

Analysis of twin of eyeless regulation during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

The Drosophila Pax6 homolog twin of eyeless (toy) is so far the first zygotically expressed gene involved in eye morphogenesis in Drosophila. The study of its expression during embryogenesis is therefore informative of the initial events of eye development in Drosophila. We have analyzed how the initial expression domain of toy at cellular blastoderm is regulated. We show that the three maternal patterning systems active in the cephalic region (the anterior, terminal and dorsal-ventral systems) cooperate with zygotically activated gap genes to shape the initial expression domain of toy. Whereas Bicoid, Dorsal and Torso signaling synergistically act as activators, Hunchback, Knirps and Decapentaplegic act as repressors.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

New species of Peruvian Orchidaceae III

Sixteen new species are proposed in the generaAckermania, Dressleria, Epidendrum, Maxillaria, Oncidium, Rodriguezia, Sigmatostalix, andTrigonidium. All new species are illustrated.Maxillaria vittariifolia L. O. Williams is newly recorded for Peru. A key is provided forTrigonidium of Peru.Trigonidium loretoense Schltr. andT. peruvianum Schltr. are lectotypified.     

Interaction of Synthetic Analogues of Natural Chalcones and Flavones with Guanidine

The reaction of chalcones and flavones with guanidine in ethanol results in 2-(2-aminopyrimidinyl-4)-phenols.     

Demographic characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus)

Synopsis In a fourteen month study (May 1976 – June 1977) I examined the following characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus) in Morro Bay, California, U.S.A.: annual and seasonal patterns of abundance, age composition and growth rates, survivorship and mortality patterns, and the reproductive cycle for female gobies. Fishes were collected with the aid of quinaldine and otoliths and ovaries removed. Age and growth rates were estimated from otolith annuli using a back calculation formula and a Brody-Bertalanffy growth curve. Mortality rates were derived using the methods of Heincke (1913), Robson & Chapman (1960), mean age, and a catch curve (Ricker 1975). A gonad index was used to describe the annual reproductive cycle. Results indicated that abundance fluctuated seasonally and that these fluctuations appeared to be caused by reproductive emigrations. Bay gobies reached an age of 7+ and a standard length of 87 mm. Growth was relatively constant (6 mm yr⁻¹) until age 5, at which point it began to decline. The mean rates of survivorship, mortality, and instantaneous mortality were 0.75, 0.25, and 0.29 respectively. Mortality rates for individual age classes ranged from 0.13 to 0.51 and increased with age. This stock appears to reproduce mainly during the winter.