共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 29 毫秒
1.
2.
Studied was the effect of temperature in the range 12–46 °C on the rate of bacterial decolorization of the mono-azo dye Acid
Orange 7 by Alcaligenes faecalis 6132 and Rhodococcus erythropolis 24. With both strains the raise of temperature led to a corresponding raise of decolorization rate better manifested by R. erythropolis. The analysis of the Arrhenius plot revealed a break near the middle of the temperature range. The regression analysis showed
practically complete identity of the observed break point temperatures (T
BP): 20.7 °C for Alc. faecalis and 20.8 °C for R. erythropolis. The values of the activation energy of the decolorization reaction (E
a) were found to depend on both the organism and the temperature range. In the range below T
BP the estimated values of E
a were 138 ± 7 kJ mol−1 for Alc. faecalis and 160 ± 8 kJ mol−1 for R. erythropolis. In the range above T
BP they were 54.2 ± 1.8 kJ mol−1 for Alc. faecalis and 37.6 ± 4.1 kJ mol−1 for R. erythropolis. Discussed are the possible reasons for the observed abrupt change of the activation energy. 相似文献
3.
The relationship between net photosynthetic (P
N) and leaf respiration (R) rates of Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia, Myrtus communis, Arbutus unedo, and Cistus incanus was monitored in the period February 2006 to February 2007. The species investigated had low R and P
N during winter, increasing from March to May, when mean air temperature reached 19.2 °C. During the favourable period, C. incanus and A. unedo had a higher mean P
N (16.4±2.4 μmol m−2 s−1) than P. latifolia, Q. ilex, and M. communis (10.0±1.3 μmol m−2 s−1). The highest R (1.89±0.30 μmol m−2 s−1, mean of the species), associated to a significant P
N decrease (62 % of the maximum, mean value of the species), was measured in July (mean R/P
N ratio 0.447±0.091). Q10, indicating the respiration sensitivity to short-term temperature increase, was in the range 1.49 to 2.21. Global change
might modify R/P
N determining differences in dry matter accumulation among the species, and Q. ilex and P. latifolia might be the most favoured species by their ability to maintain sufficiently higher P
N and lower R during stress periods. 相似文献
4.
Summary Plantlets of Capsicum annuum L. ev. Sweet Banana regenerated via somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos were capable of producing flower,
fruit, and seed when cultured in small tissue culture containers. In vitro floral buds were first formed on plantlets that grew on plantlet development medium [agar-gelled Murashige and Skoog (MS)
basal medium containing 1 mgl−1 (5.3 μM) α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)] in a growth room at 22°C and continuous illumination. However, floral buds rarely developed
further into mature flowers. This problem was overcome using the vented autoclavable plant tissue culture containers. In vitro fruit formation and ripening was observed when liquid half-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 5 μg ml−1 silver thiosulfate, 1 mg l−1 (5.3 μM) NAA, and 3% sucrose was added to the surface of the plantlet development medium. Hand-pollination improved fruit set. Further
research in needed to determine why the pepper seeds formed in vitro failed to germinate. 相似文献
5.
P. S. Sha Valli Khan E. Prakash K. R. Rao 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2002,38(2):186-190
Summary A protocol has been developed for plantlet regeneration from seed callus of Bixa orellana L. Seeds demonstrated a high percentage of callus induction (63±7.3%) and a high yield (356±14.7 mg per seed) of white friable
callus on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 5.0 μM l-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.5μM N
6-benzyladenine (BA) within 6 wk of culture in the dark. Callus induction frequency was greater under 24h dark as compared
to 16h light/8h dark photoperiod or 24h light photoperiod. Increased myo-inositol (MI: 200mgl−1) and addition of ascorbic acid (AA: 200 mgl−1) to the culture medium positively improved callus induction frequency and growth. Shoot differentiation from white friable
seed callus was best using 10.0 μM BA and 5.0 μM NAA, where the highest percentage of calluses forming shools (74.9±4.8%), the highest number of shoots per callus (six or
seven) and the highest shoot-forming index (5.0) were obtained within 6 wk. Shoots elongated to 4 cm within 4 wk of transfer
onto MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Shoots were rooted using half-strength MS medium containing 5.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). About 85% of these plants were established in pots containing pure garden soil and organic manure
after 3 wk of hardening. Regenerated plants were morphologically uniform with normal leaf, shape and growth patterns. These
plants are currently being screened for the presence of agronomically useful genetic variants. 相似文献
6.
Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot is an edible green alga farmed in Korea using seed stock produced from regeneration of isolated utricles
and medullary filaments. Experiments were conducted to reveal the optimal conditions for nursery culture and out-growing of
C. fragile. Sampling and measurement of underwater irradiance were carried out at farms cultivating C. fragile at Wando, on the southwestern coast of Korea, from October 2004 to August 2005. Growth of erect thalli and underwater irradiance
were measured over a range of depths for three culture stages. During the nursery cultivation stage (Stage I), growth rate
was greatest at 0.5 m depth (0.055 ± 0.032 mm day−1), where the average midday irradiance over 60 days was 924 ± 32 μmol photons m−2 s−1. During the pre-main cultivation stage (Stage II), the greatest growth rate occurred at a depth of 2 m (0.113 ± 0.003 mm day−1) with an average irradiance of 248 ± 116 μmol photons m−2 s−1. For the main cultivation stage (Stage III) of the alga, thalli achieved the greatest increase in biomass at 1 m depth (7.2 ± 1.0 kg
fresh wt m−1). These results suggest that optimal growth at each cultivation stages of C. fragile could be controlled by depth of cultivation rope. 相似文献
7.
Liu Y Sha Q Wu S Wang J Yang L Sun W 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2006,33(4):274-282
A microorganism with the ability to catalyze the resolution of racemic phenyloxirane was isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger SQ-6. Chiral capillary electrophoresis was successfully applied to separate both phenyloxirane and phenylethanediol. The
epoxide hydrolase (EH) involved in this resolution process was (R)-stereospecific and constitutively expressed. When whole cells were used during the biotransformation process, the optimum
temperature and pH for stereospecific vicinal diol production were 35°C and 7.0, respectively. After a 24-h conversion, the
enantiomer excess of (R)-phenylethanediol produced was found to be >99%, with a conversion rate of 56%. In fed-batch fermentations at 30°C for 44 h,
glycerol (20 g L−1) and corn steep liquor (CSL) (30 g L−1) were chosen as the best initial carbon and nitrogen sources, and EH production was markedly improved by pulsed feeding of
sucrose (2 g L−1 h−1) and continuous feeding of CSL (1 g L−1 h−1) at a fermentation time of 28 h. After optimization, the maximum dry cell weight achieved was 24.5±0.8 g L−1; maximum EH production was 351.2±13.1 U L−1 with a specific activity of 14.3±0.5 U g−1. Partially purified EH exhibited a temperature optimum at 37°C and pH optimum at 7.5 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. This study
presents the first evidence for the existence of a predicted epoxide racemase, which might be important in the synthesis of
epoxide intermediates. 相似文献
8.
Katja Pörtl Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern Wolfgang Wanek Per Ambus Torsten W. Berger 《Plant and Soil》2007,295(1-2):79-94
Natural 15N abundance measurements of ecosystem nitrogen (N) pools and 15N pool dilution assays of gross N transformation rates were applied to investigate the potential of δ15N signatures of soil N pools to reflect the dynamics in the forest soil N cycle. Intact soil cores were collected from pure
spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and mixed spruce-beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands on stagnic gleysol in Austria. Soil δ15N values of both forest sites increased with depth to 50 cm, but then decreased below this zone. δ15N values of microbial biomass (mixed stand: 4.7 ± 0.8‰, spruce stand: 5.9 ± 0.9‰) and of dissolved organic N (DON; mixed stand:
5.3 ± 1.7‰, spruce stand: 2.6 ± 3.3‰) were not significantly different; these pools were most enriched in 15N of all soil N pools. Denitrification represented the main N2O-producing process in the mixed forest stand as we detected a significant 15N enrichment of its substrate NO3− (3.6 ± 4.5‰) compared to NH4+ (−4.6 ± 2.6‰) and its product N2O (−11.8 ± 3.2‰). In a 15N-labelling experiment in the spruce stand, nitrification contributed more to N2O production than denitrification. Moreover, in natural abundance measurements the NH4+ pool was slightly 15N-enriched (−0.4 ± 2.0 ‰) compared to NO3− (−3.0 ± 0.6 ‰) and N2O (−2.1 ± 1.1 ‰) in the spruce stand, indicating nitrification and denitrification operated in parallel to produce N2O. The more positive δ15N values of N2O in the spruce stand than in the mixed stand point to extensive microbial N2O reduction in the spruce stand. Combining natural 15N abundance and 15N tracer experiments provided a more complete picture of soil N dynamics than possible with either measurement done separately. 相似文献
9.
C. L. Carretero M. Cantos J. L. García A. Troncoso 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(4):364-369
Three cassava clones (SOM-1, “05”, and “50”) were cultured in vitro on MS medium plus sucrose (30 g L−1) and myo-inositol (100 mg L−1) without plant growth regulators and with additions of 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 g L−1 NaCl to test their salt tolerance. The same cassava clones were cultivated in greenhouse conditions on a sandy soil substratum
and irrigated with 20% strength Hoagland solution, and additions of 0, 4, and 8 g L−1 of NaCl. Salinity negatively affected the survival, development, leaf water content, and mineral composition (mainly by accumulation
of Cl and Na) of both in vitro and ex vitro plants, but with different intensity in each clone. In both conditions of culture (in vitro and ex vitro) clone SOM-1, from a desert arid saline zone of Somalia, was the most tolerant and clone “05”, from a rainy region of Ivory
Coast, the most sensitive. Clone “50” tolerance to in vitro salt treatments, although lower, was not significantly different from that of SOM-1 but the ex vitro response was similar to “05”. In general, there was a correlation between in vitro and ex vitro behavior of the cassava plant regarding salt tolerance, which would allow the in vitro culture method to be used for selection of salt-tolerant plants of this crop. 相似文献
10.
Protonema explants of Splachnum ampullaceum Hedw. were grown in vitro on 10 different mineral media with different sources and contents of nitrogen, in each case with or without added sucrose
(30 g dm−3) and/or B5 vitamins. The cultures were maintained at day/night temperatures 24 ± 4/20 ± 2 °C and a 16-h photoperiod (irradiance
of 25 μmol m−2 s−1). Sucrose had little or no effect on protonema diameter and bud number in nitrate-only media or in high-ammonium media but
markedly reduced bud number in low-ammonium media. Sucrose markedly reduced one-year explant survival rate in the low-ammonium
media. The presence of B5 vitamins in such media markedly improved one-year survival, suggesting that the best medium for
long-term culture of Splachnum ampullaceum is a medium containing ammonium at relatively low concentration as ammonium phosphate or sulphate (e.g. Gamborg's B5 medium), with added B5 vitamins but without added sucrose. 相似文献
11.
Effects of the burrowing mayfly,Hexagenia, on nitrogen and sulfur fractions in lake sediment microcosms 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Effects of the burrowing mayfly, Hexagenia, on nitrogen and sulfur fractions of sediment, and overlying water were determined. Laboratory microcosms were used to reproduce
the benthic environment. The activities of Hexagenia increased sediment Eh (1.98 ± 0.486 (22) mV · day −1), and decreased pH in sediment (−0.007 ± 0.001 (22) day −1) and overlying water(-0.024 ± 0.004 (10) day−1). In the control, Eh decreased and pH did not change. The presence of Hexagenia also markedly increased ammonia in sediment (5.46 ± 0.14 (22) ppm N · day−1) and overlying water (0.792 ± 0.154 (10) ppm N · day−1), while the control did not change. In addition, the sulfate fraction of sediment (0.177 ± 0.006 (17)% dry mass) and water
(50.0 ± 4.9 (5) mg · I−1) in microcosms with Hexagenia was greater than that of the control (0.151 ± 0.005 (16)% dry mass; 14.7 ± 1.71 (3) mg · 1−1) at the termination of the experiment. Hexagenia may also stimulate the mineralization of carbon-bonded sulfur. The general role of Hexagenia in altering sediment chemistry is discussed. 相似文献
12.
Nielsen P Larsen LH Ramløv H Hansen BW 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2007,177(3):287-296
The oxygen consumption rate during embryogenesis of Acartia tonsa subitaneous eggs were measured at different temperatures (10, 15, 17, 21, 24 and 28°C) with nanorespirometry. The oxygen
consumption was constant during the embryogenesis but increased rapidly at hatching time. The mean ± SD oxygen consumption
rate increased exponentially with temperature and ranged from 0.09 ± 0.04 (10°C) to 0.54 ± 0.09 nmol O2 egg−1 h−1 (28°C). The mean ± SD Q10-value was 2.51 ± 0.15. Calculations of energy consumption during embryogenesis ranged from 1.86 to 18.28 mJ depending on
temperature and development time. We conclude that the effect of temperature on oxygen consumption rate was far less important
than the prolonged development time when calculating the energy consumed during embryogenesis. 相似文献
13.
We evaluated the combined effects of algal (Chlorella vulgaris) food levels (low, 0.5 × 106 (or 2.9 μg C ml−1); and high, 1 × 106 cells ml−1 (or 5.8 μg C ml−1)) and zinc concentrations (0, 0.125, and 0.250 mg l−1 of ZnCl2) on the competition between two common planktonic rotifers Anuraeopsis fissa and Brachionus rubens using their population growth. Median lethal concentration data (LC50) (mean ± 95% confidence intervals) showed that B. rubens was more resistant to zinc (0.554 ± 0.08 mg l−1) than A. fissa (0.315 ± 0.07 mg l−1). A. fissa when grown alone or with Zn was always numerically more abundant than B. rubens. When grown in the absence of zinc, under low- and high-food levels, the peak abundances of A. fissa varied from 251 ± 24 to 661 ± 77 ind. ml−1, respectively, and the corresponding maxima for B. rubens were 52 ± 3 and 102 ± 18 ind. ml−1. At a given food level, competition for food reduced the peak abundances of both rotifers considerably. Increase in Zn concentration
also lowered the rotifer abundances. The impact of zinc on competition between the two-rotifer species was evident at low-food
level, mainly for A. fissa. At zinc concentrations of 0 and 0.125 mg l−1, the populations of both rotifers continued to grow for about 10 days, but thereafter B. rubens began to decline. Role of zinc on the competitive outcome of the two species is discussed in relation to the changing algal
densities in natural water bodies. 相似文献
14.
Effect of eight benthic diatoms as feed on the growth of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) postlarvae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Juan Gabriel Correa-Reyes María del Pilar Sánchez-Saavedra María Teresa Viana Norberto Flores-Acevedo Carlos Vásquez-Peláez 《Journal of applied phycology》2009,21(4):387-393
The growth rate of abalone post larvae of Haliotis rufescens fed ad libitum with a benthic monoalgal diatom culture maintained as monocultures on a semi-commercial scale, was evaluated
and correlated with the biochemical composition of the diatoms. The cell size (7.0 × 4.0 μm to 21.0 × 7.5 μm), protein percentage
(7.42% to 13.66%), and ash content (49.03% to 59.61%) were different among diatom strains; lipid percentage, nitrogen free
extract, and energy content (Kcal g−1) were similar among diatom strains. The values of essential and non-essential amino and fatty acids composition differed
among diatom strains. Differences in the abalone shell length and orthogonal analyses revealed postlarval growth was dependent
on the quality of the food source. Postlarvae abalone displaying the longest shell lengths were fed Nitzschia thermalis var. minor and Amphiprora paludosa var. hyalina (1,712.0 ± 61 μm and 1,709 ± 67 μm, respectively), followed by Navicula incerta (1,413.3 ± 43 μm). The fatty acid content of benthic diatoms and abalone growth rate were not correlated. 相似文献
15.
Pious Thomas 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1998,34(1):52-56
Summary
In vitro rooted grape (Vitis vinifera L.) plantlets (4 or 8 wk from culturing microcuttings) were plantedex vitro in polythene sachets (24×12 cm) filled to one-third their height with planting mixture. The sachets were misted, closed,
and incubated at ambient temperature (25–30°C) under 16 h photoperiod (40–50 μ E·m−2.·sec−1) for 1,2, or 3 wk before opening. Maximum establishment with no or minimum damage toin vitro formed leaves was obtained with 3 wk of closed sachet incubation in both age groups. Opening the sachet at 2 wk from planting
resulted in marginal scorching of lower leaves and some reduction in establishment and vigor. Opening at 1 wk led to severe
leaf scorching and significant reduction in establisment particularly in 4-wk-oldin vitro plantlets while growth was more affected in 8-wk-old ones. Relative humidity ofin vitro culture vessel was 68–75% while closed sachets had RH values of 45–77% depending on length of incubation and ambient RH.
Diurnal variation in RH of sachet in relation to ambient RH was the major factor that facilitated acclimatization rather than
the overall fall in RH during the period of closed incubation. Satisfactory acclimatization of plantlets to withstand the
open sachet RH (50–55%) by 3 wk and the ambient RH (30–40%) by 4 wk was achieved. Monitoring water loss from detached leaves
of plantlets showed a significant reduction between the date of planting and Week 3, and again between Weeks 3 and 4. Comparison
of growthin vitro andex vitro suggested that shifting toex vitro earlier was more beneficial. This observation was confirmed by transferring 3-, 4-, and 5-wk-old plantlets fromin vitro rooting medium toex vitro and recording the growth at 8 wk fromin vitro culturing when 3 wkin vitro plus 5 wkex vitro combination showed maximum vigor. The leftover stumps after subculturing of 1–4-mo.-old stock cultures could also be effectively
used forex vitro establishment. 相似文献
16.
Genetic variation within, and divergence among, populations of the liverwortConocephalum conicum were estimated from the study of 17 populations and 23 putative gene loci. Two additional multilocus genotypes (“T” and “FS”)
were detected in Japan, along with the previously reported “J” type. These three multilocus genotypes differed both morphologically
and ecologically. All eight populations from western Japan included only the J-type and exhibited low genetic variation within
populations: Nei's (1973) average gene diversity (Ĥ)=0.080±0.029. In contrast, co-occurrence of several multilocus genotypes in each population from the Kanto District resulted
in much higher levels of genetic variation (Ĥ=0.218±0.037). If the three genotypes are distinguished,Ĥ values are 0.113±0.030 for T-type, 0.107±0.033 for FS-type, and 0.083±0.018 for J-type. UsingC. japonicum, which showed low genetic variation (0.014±0.010) as an outgroup, each genotype formed a monophyletic clade, and the J- and
FS-types were more closely related to each other than to the T-type. Populations of western Japan and the Kanto District also
differed in the degree of gene diversity among populations, but the reasons for these differences are obscure. 相似文献
17.
Dorota Krzyżanowska Krystyna Górecka Ryszard Górecki Helena Michalik Teresa Glapś 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2000,22(3):284-287
Results of experiments concerning comparison of tomato fruit properties which were collected from plants obtained in three
manners are described. Control plants were received from seeds. Remaining plants were derived in vitro from leaf and shoot fragments on MS medium supplemented with IAA 0.2 mg·l−1 and BA 2 mg·l−1 (Górecka and Krzyżanowska 1991, Górecka et al. 1994) or with Fari’s et al. (1992) method of obtaining plants by decapitation of sterile seedlings and culture on MS medium without hormones. Evaluation
of physical and chemical fruit characters was performed. In the spring experiment the biggest diameter (72 mm), weight (154
g) and volumne (151 ml) were characterized to fruits from plants obtained in vitro on MS medium with IAA and BA. Also fruits from plants received by Fari’s methods were significantly superior in these characters
over fruits from the control plants. The fruits from the plants obtained in vitro on MS medium with IAA and BA had highest sugar content (2.95 % f.wt.) and fruits from in vitro plants after Fari’s method contained highest vit.C-13.4 mg·100 g−1 f.wt (significant differences in comparison to control fruits). In other characters fruits from in vitro did not differ as compared to control ones. In the autumn experiments significant differences among fruit groups and characters
evaluated were not stated. Generally, yield quality was poorer in the all autumn treatments. 相似文献
18.
Williams JB Lee RE 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2008,178(3):365-375
Possible links between cold-tolerance and desiccation resistance were examined between larvae of the goldenrod gall fly collected
from Michigan, southern Ohio, and Alabama locations as their host plant senesced. After acclimation to 5°C, Michigan-collected
larvae were more cold-tolerant (25% survival after a 96 h exposure to −40°C) than larvae from Ohio (10% survival) and Alabama
(0% survival). Increased cold-tolerance was partially linked to higher concentrations of the cryoprotectant glycerol (Michigan:
500 ± 30 mmol; Ohio: 270 ± 20; Alabama: 220 ± 20). Moreover, cryoprotectants may have functioned to reduce rates of overall
and cuticular water loss for Michigan larvae, 0.10 ± 0.01 and 0.037 ± 0.003 μg mm−2 h−1, respectively, values that were 40-44% lower than those for Ohio and Alabama larvae and may represent a link between desiccation
resistance and cold-tolerance. After acclimation to 20°C, Alabama-collected larvae had metabolic rates that were 40% lower
than those from Ohio and Michigan that averaged 0.100 ± 0.006 μl of CO2 produced g−1 h−1. The lower metabolic rate of Alabama-collected larvae at 20°C likely resulted in reduced respiratory transpiration that may
represent a mechanism to maintain water balance at the higher overwintering temperatures they typically experience. 相似文献
19.
Summary
In vitro clonal propagation of 18–20-yr-old Holarrhena antidysenterica tress has been achieved by employing nodal explants. The tree explants showed marked seasonal variation in their morphogenic
response under in vitro conditions. Maximum response was obtained from the beginning of May to the end of July, followed by a gradual decline, finally
dropping to zero from October to February. The explants induced multiple shoots only on cytokinin-containing medium. Several
cytokinins [N6-benzyladenine (BA), N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2ip), 6-furfuryl aminopurine (Kn), and adenine sulfate (Ads)] were assayed. The best response was
achieved with 15 μM BA in which 62.5% of cultures produced 2.75±0.2 shoots per explant with 3.56±0.2 cm average length. Amongsth the three heavy
metals assayed, silver nitrate (AgNO3) significantly improved the response. This compound enhanced both the percentage of responding cultures (86.6%) and the average
shoot number (4.73±0.2) at a concentration of 20mgl−1. Further improvement in the morphogenic response occurred when explants from in vitro shoots were employed instead of mature trees. In this case, the percentage of morphogenic cultures was increased to 100%
at the third subculture with an average of 11.45±0.3 shoots per explant. Regenerated shoots were rooted in half-strength Murashige
and Skoog medium with 10 μM indole-3-acetic acid. The plantlets were successfully acclimatized in soil. 相似文献
20.
Vishwanath M. Patil 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1998,34(3):240-243
Summary The purpose of this study was to developin vitro techniques for conserving wild and endemic species ofCeropegia by mass multiplication for subsequent reintroduction in their natural habitat. Micropropagation involving a combination of
axillary bud culture, shoot multiplication, somatic embryogenesis andin vitro tuber formation forCeropegia jainii, a rare plant of the Indian sub continent,C. bulbosa var.bulbosa andC. bulbosa var.lushii, common species, was developed. Nodal explants from all species were cultured on 0.5 MS medium with 8.8 μM (2 mg·l−1) N6-benzyl aminopurine (BA) to regenerate the axillary buds. These produced multiple shoots when transferred to multiplication
medium consisting of 0.5 MS medium with 2.2 μM (0.5 mg·l−1) BA, or microtubers when transferred to 0.5 MS medium with 22.2 μM (5 mg·l−1) BA and 23.2 μM (5 mg·l−1) kinetin.In vitro flowering occurred inC. jainii and not in the other two varieties when the plants were cultured on multiplication media with spermine at 0.25 μM (50 μg·l−1) as an additive. Shoot pieces produced callus on MS medium with 9.05 μM (2 mg·l−1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. Regeneration of the calli by somatic embryogenesis was achieved when they were transferred
to 0.5 MS medium with 2.2 μM (0.5 mg·l−1) BA. Rooting of the shoots was possible both byin vitro andex vitro means. 相似文献