以思辨训练为目标的教学策略在微生物学教学中的应用

本科阶段的微生物学教学不但要让学生掌握基本的微生物学知识,更重要的是让学生学会运用所学到的知识解释和解决实际生活中碰到的相关问题,具备理性思考和辨析能力。本文以我校微生物学教学改革为例,介绍了如何通过教案设计、教学案例筛选和教学方法整合等方式提高学生的思辨能力。通过不同教学策略的使用,有效提高了学生对知识点的掌握与理解,极大提升了学生的知识运用能力和理性辨析能力。     

联系生活提高高中生物课堂教学的有效性

教学要回归生活是新课程改革的重要理念之一,教师发挥主导作用,改革教学方法,以学生为主体,让学生在生活中学习,通过学习更好地生活,从而更灵活地掌握知识、应用知识。联系生活是有效教学的一种重要教学策略。本文从导入新课、创设情境、开展活动、设计练习等方面论述联系生活教学策略在高中生物教学中的应用。     

生物学高考综合复习阶段有效教学的探究与实践

高考综合复习阶段的任务是将知识点拓展引申构建知识网络，完善认知结构。专题复习是高考综合复习阶段的常用形式．探讨综合应用多种教学策略科学地组织学生的学习活动、激发学生的学习动机，从而有效地促进学生的有意义学习。     

试论高中生物复习中点面关系的处理

知识点是构成知识系统的基本单元,知识面则是由若干具有内在联系的知识点构成的知识群体。生物学同其它学科一样,都是由一定的知识面构成的,是众多知识点的集合。教学大纲和教学目标对每一个知识点都有具体的规定要求。要使学生对每一个知识点在识忆、理解、应用、分析、综合、评价等方面达到相应的水平,在生物课的复习教学中,对知识的点和面的处理上必须做到:     

在生物学教学中注重对学生知识迁移能力的培养

结合具体教学实例,对教学中常见的几种知识迁移类型做以归纳介绍,并对如何培养和提高学生知识迁移的能力提出若干教学策略.     

浅谈高考复习中学生发散思维能力的培养

发散性思维是指思维的多向性、深刻性与灵活性 ,它是创造性思维的重要成分。发散思维能力是高考能力考查的主要目标之一。在复习教学中 ,我们注重引导学生对课本知识、插图、实验等方面进行发散和迁移 ,帮助他们进行应用训练 ,取得了较好的效果。1　知识点的拓展在扎实、细致复习的基础上 ,让学生把章节内及章节间的相关知识点串联起来形成知识索链或以某一知识点为中心尽量向不同角度拓展形成知识面。例如以DNA为线索可以串起有丝分裂、减数分裂、受精作用及DNA结构、复制、基因基本遗传规律和基因突变等知识 ;以内环境稳态为基点 ,可以…     

高考生物学专题复习的实践与反思

高考理科综合测试试卷整体的题量和题型的分布以及现阶段中学分科教学的实际，决定了生物学科的考查很少是学科内单一知识点和学科间综合的考查，而更多的是考查学科内知识点的综合，即考查学生对所学相关课程基础知识、基本技能的掌握程度和综合运用所学知识分析、解决实际问题的能力。因此，在高三的生物学复习中学科内知识的综合复习即专题复习就显得尤其重要。     

知识关联教学策略在微生物学教学中的应用

在上海交通大学专业基础课程“微生物学”的教学实践中,探索了知识关联教学策略的应用与实践。力求通过知识关联教学策略与方法,帮助教师在课前消除教学“盲点”,引导学生形成自己的知识关联与知识构架,进而提高学生解决复杂问题的综合能力与素质,在创新人才培养中发挥作用。     

以“蚊子”贯穿始终的“种群的特征”教学

以"蚊子"作为主线贯穿于"种群的特征"教学中,将教学模块的知识点串联起来,让学生从生活中获取知识,自主构建知识体系并应用于实践,顺利完成教学内容,提升学生的生物学核心素养。     

高中生物学复习教学的几种方法

(一)目标导读法目标导读法就是制定教学目标,指导学生阅读的方法。这种方法是让学生带着明确的目的去阅读和思考,在理解记忆的基础上全面复习和掌握知识。制定教学目标分两个步骤: 1.确定知识点知识点是生物学基础知识(生物学的基本概念、原理、规律,生物体的形态、结构等)中具有相对独立性的部分,是组成基础知识的基本要素。确定知识点的依据是教学大纲和课本的知识体系结构,目标是知     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.