副溶血性弧菌全基因组DNA芯片的研制和质量评价

【目的】研制副溶血性弧菌全基因组芯片,建立芯片杂交方法,并对芯片质量进行评价。【方法】利用副溶血性弧菌全基因组序列,挑选出4770条基因,PCR扩增各基因并将PCR产物纯化,点样制备芯片;设计了两个质控杂交组合,采用双色荧光杂交策略,对芯片质量进行评价;PCR方法验证部分芯片结果。【结果】芯片杂交与理论预期结果以及PCR验证结果完全一致。【结论】成功的研制了一批质量良好的副溶血性弧菌全基因组DNA芯片,并建立了基于DNA芯片的副溶血性弧菌比较基因组学技术平台,建立了一套系统的芯片数据分析的标准方法。     

超高压处理对副溶血性弧菌的影响研究

摘要：【目的】探讨超高压致死微生物的机理。【方法】本文以副溶血性弧菌为对象,研究了超高压处理对副溶血性弧菌的灭菌效果、对副溶血性弧菌细胞超微结构、细胞无机盐离子含量以及细胞膜蛋白的影响。【结果】结果表明,在20℃下分别经100、200 MPa高压处理10min后,副溶血性弧菌致死率为40%、84.7%,经300 MPa及以上的压力处理,副溶血性弧菌的致死率为100%。超高压处理对细菌细胞形态结构造成明显的损伤：局部细胞壁遭到破坏,出现缺口;胞质内含物结构紊乱,出现泄漏,细胞中部出现透电子区;细胞结构不完整     

EMA-LAMP方法快速检测鉴别副溶血性弧菌

建立将DNA染料EMA(ethidium bromide monoazide)结合环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isother-mal amplification,LAMP)的方法(EMA-LAMP),用于检测鉴别副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)死/活菌细胞。针对副溶血性弧菌不耐热溶血素基因tlh(thermolabile hemolysin)特异性序列的6个位点设计4条引物及2条环引物,进行检测。结果表明,浓度为8.0μg/mL或更高浓度的EMA,至少经25 min的曝光处理,能够有效抑制浓度为1×108cfu/mL的副溶血性弧菌死细胞的扩增,而对用相同浓度EMA处理的副溶血性弧菌活细胞扩增没有影响。经EMA处理,含有不同比例的副溶血弧菌死细胞和活细胞的混合液中,活菌的最小检测限为1.0×102cfu/mL。EMA-LAMP方法比EMA-PCR方法区分死活细胞中的活细胞更为有效,是一种能够快速、灵敏且更为有效鉴别副溶血性弧菌死活细胞的新方法。     

副溶血性弧菌显色培养基检测效果初步评价

副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是一种重要的食源性致病菌, 广泛存在于各种海产品中。由于传统培养基和检测方法费时费力, 本研究设计开发了一种新型显色培养基HKC vibrio, 通过应用于人工污染样品和实际样品检验, 以法国科玛嘉弧菌显色平板CHROMagar vibrio和柠檬酸钠-硫代硫酸钠-氯化钠-蔗糖琼脂平板(TCBS)为对照, 对显色培养基HKC vibrio的灵敏性、特异性和检测效果进行了初步评价。结果表明, HKC vibrio的灵敏性与CHROMagar vibrio和TCBS相当, 并具有较好的特异性, HKC vibrio是非常有价值的分离平板, 可大大提高副溶血性弧菌的检测效率。     

副溶血性弧菌分子标志基因研究概况

副溶血性弧菌是重要的食源性致病菌,其中,O3:K6血清型是1996年后导致多个国家多起食物中毒暴发的病原菌。中国1992-2001年的统计数据表明,由副溶血性弧菌引起的胃肠炎占由微生物引起的食源性疾病暴发的31.1%。副溶血性弧菌环境株大部分是非致病性的,而临床株则能产生耐热直接溶血素、耐热相关溶血素以及其它毒力因子。本文综述了3种重要的副溶血性弧菌的分子标志物,包括种特异性基因、毒力基因以及大流行菌群特异基因,旨在为研究者们针对性的选取基因开展快速检测副溶血性弧菌和鉴别其致病因子的研究提供参考依据。     

响应面分析法优化副溶血性弧菌生长条件

通过单因素分析, 确定最适于副溶血性弧菌VPJ33生长的pH、温度和盐度。在此基础上, 综合考虑3个因素对VPJ33生长的影响, 用Design-Expert软件进行响应面分析, 优化VPJ33的培养条件得到了菌体生长模型, 以及取得模型最优值时各因素的水平。结果表明, VPJ33的最优培养条件为：pH 8.41、温度34.1℃和盐度2.47％; 菌体生长过程中, pH和盐度以及pH和温度对VPJ33生长的交互作用显著, 盐度和温度对VPJ33生长的交互作用不显著。菌体生长模型达到显著水平, 可以对VPJ33在不同条件下的生长情况进行分析和预测。     

副溶血性弧菌CRISPR的检测及其结构分析

【目的】检测副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,简称VP)中规律成簇间隔的短回文序列(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR),并对不同来源的VP中CRISPR位点的结构多样性进行分析。【方法】根据CRISPR DB数据库中公布的VP中确定的CRISPR结构序列CRISPR-1及文献中新发现的疑似CRISPR结构序列CRISPR-2设计引物,对不同来源的79株VP进行PCR扩增。利用CRISPR Finder分析CRISPR结构,采用生物信息学方法对不同来源VP的CRISPR位点结构多样性进行比较分析。【结果】79株VP中CRISPR-1的检出率为92.41%,CRISPR-2的检出率为96.20%,同时具有这2个位点的菌株占总数的89.87%,只有1株菌被检出不含有任何位点。分别比较不同来源的菌株CRISPR-1、CRISPR-2位点的重复序列发现不存在序列差异,而临床菌株的这2个CRISPR位点在间隔序列上比环境分离菌株存在更多的变异。2个CRISPR位点根据间隔序列的不同在VP中一共组成8种CRISPR谱型(编号A-H),除F谱型外,A-E、G谱型均只在临床分离菌株中发现,而在环境分离菌中还发现不含任何位点的H型。【结论】CRISPR在VP中普遍存在。环境分离菌株与临床分离菌株中CRISPR的结构存在差异。     

副溶血性弧菌温度-盐度双因素预测模型的建立

本文以副溶血性弧菌VP BJ1.1997为研究对象, 采用均匀设计试验方法, 建立并验证了温度范围为7°C~43°C, 盐度范围为0.5%~9.5%NaCl的生长动力学模型。结果表明, 所选一级模型的拟合效果优劣依次为Logistic方程>Gompertz方程>Linear方程, 以Logistic方程为一级模型计算生长参数; 二级模型采用平方根模型进行拟合, 得到模型相关系数r为0.9863, 最低生长温度T min为9.0506°C, 最高生长盐度为5.93%NaCl(对应最低生长水分活度Aw min     

大连市两种来源的副溶血性弧菌分子分型

目的 分析食品来源、患者来源及2种来源的副溶血性弧菌之间的PFGE图谱的关系,从分子流行病学角度探讨2种来源的副溶血性弧菌的关联。 方法 收集患者和食品2种来源的副溶血性弧菌178株,经限制性内切酶SfiI酶切,用脉冲场凝胶电泳方法进行电泳,凝胶成像仪获得电泳图谱,利用BioNumerics软件对图谱进行聚类分析。 结果 食品来源的96株菌,有13株降解,83株菌被限制性内切酶SfiI酶切出83个PFGE types(PT),聚类分析发现各菌株间相似系数为55.6%～97.4%,按带型相似系数为85%标准划分为1~67共67个克隆群。患者来源的82株菌,有5株降解,77株菌被限制性内切酶SfiI酶切出46个PFGE types(PT),聚类分析发现各菌株间相似系数为64.1%～100.0%,按带型相似系数为85.0%标准划分为A～O群共15个克隆群。将2种来源的共160株副溶血性弧菌的PFGE图谱进行聚类分析,各菌株间相似系数为41.7%～100.0%,按带型相似系数为85.0%标准划分为79个克隆群。 结论 多数食品来源菌株间相似系数较低,患者来源菌株间相似系数高,而食品和患者来源菌株间相似系数较低,只有少数食品来源与患者来源菌株相似系数较高。     

Expression of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxin in Escherichia coli results in chromosomal DNA degradation

A toxin-antitoxin system, vp1842/vp1843, locates within a superintegron on the Vibrio parahaemolyticus genome chromosome I whose toxin gene vp1843 encodes a DNA nicking endonuclease. We found that the vp1843 expression in Escherichia coli cells strongly induced chromosomal DNA degradation. On the basis of these observations, we discuss a possible physiological role of vp1842/vp1843 in V. parahaemolyticus.     

A novel multiplex PCR for the identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus

AIM: To establish a simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that will identify Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 429 Vibrio spp. from various origins were tested with the novel primers targeting toxR. The reverse primers were all designed to be species specific, while the forward primer was universal. The primers correctly identified all the V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae and V. vulnificus isolates tested. CONCLUSIONS: The toxR multiplex PCR works well when the initial colony morphology is known. If not, Vibrio alginolyticus might represent a diagnostic obstacle. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The method provides a fast and reliable way of identifying the main Vibrio spp. involved in food-borne disease. The method could prove very useful for laboratories working with identification of these Vibrio spp.     

Purification and characterization of a hemolysin of Vibrio mimicus that relates to the thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A hemolysin (designated Vm-rTDH) from Vibrio mimicus (AQ0915-E13) was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and successive column chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex A-25, hydroxyapatite, Mono Q, Superose 12 and Phenyl-Superose. The Mr of the subunit was estimated to be about 22,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-slab gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of Vm-rTDH was approximately pH 4.9. The hemolytic activity of Vm-rTDH was stable upon heating at 100 degrees C for 10 min, similar to that of the thermostable direct hemolysin (Vp-TDH) of V. parahaemolyticus. Vm-rTDH also showed lytic activities similar to those of Vp-TDH. Immunological cross-reactivity between Vp-TDH and Vm-rTDH was demonstrated by the Ouchterlony double-diffusion test. Thus we conclude that V. mimicus produces a newly discovered type of hemolysin (Vm-rTDH) which is similar to Vp-TDH.     

Detection and identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by multiplex PCR and DNA-DNA hybridization on a microarray

In this paper,we developed a rapid and accurate method for the detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains,using multiplex PCR and DNA-DNA hybridization.Multiplex PCR was used to simultaneously amplify three diagnostic genes(tlh,tdh and fia)that serve as molecular markers of V.parahaemolyticus.Biotinylated PCR products were hybridized to primers immobilized on a microarray,and detected by chemiluminesce with avidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase.With this method,forty-five samples were tested.Eight known virulent strains (tlh+/tdh+/fia+)and four known avirulent strains(tlh+/tdh-/fla+)of the V.parahaemolyttcus were successtuny aetectea,ana no non-spectnc hybridization and cross-hybridization reaction were found from fifteen closely-related strains(tin-/tdh-/fta+)or the Vibrio spp.In addition,all the other eighteen strains of non-Vibrio bacteria(tlh-/tdh-/fla-)gave negative results.The DNA microarray successfully distinguished V.parahaemolyticus from other Vibrio spp.The results demonstrated that this was an efficient and robust method for identifying virulent strains of V.parahaemolyticus.     

Development of a haemolysin gene‐based multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Vibrio campbellii,Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Aim: To develop a haemolysin (hly) gene‐based species‐specific multiplex PCR for simple and rapid detection of Vibrio campbellii, V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus. Methods and Results: The complete hly genes of three V. campbellii strains isolated from diseased shrimps were sequenced and species‐specific PCR primers were designed based on these sequences and the registered hly gene sequences of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Specificity and sensitivity of the multiplex PCR was validated with 27 V. campbellii, 16 V. harveyi, and 69 V. parahaemolyticus, 18 other Vibrio species, one Photobacterium damselae and nine other bacterial species. The detection limits of all the three target species were in between 10 and 100 cells per PCR tube. Conclusions: Specificity and sensitivity of the multiplex PCR is 100% each and sufficient to be considered as an effective tool in a prediction system to prevent potential disease outbreak by these Vibrio species. Significance and Impact of the Study: Because there is lack of simple, rapid and cost‐effective method to differentiate these closely related V. campbellii, V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus species, the multiplex PCR developed in this study will be very effective in epidemiological, ecological and economical points of view.     

一株副溶血弧菌噬菌体的分离鉴定及生理特性

为了探寻有效的控制副溶血弧菌的方法, 从水产品市场的污水中分离出来一株烈性噬菌体qdvp001。采用双层平板法分离纯化噬菌体qdvp001, 电镜观察其形态特征, 并利用双层平板法测定其生理特性, 包括热稳定性试验、最适pH、最佳感染复数及一步生长曲线, 然后提取基因组进行酶切和序列分析。结果显示该烈性噬菌体qdvp001头部直径大约为79 nm, 尾长大约118 nm, 属于肌尾噬菌体科。它对60 °C以下的温度耐受力较强, 最适pH为7.0?8.0左右, 最佳感染复数是0.000 1, 感染宿主菌的潜伏期约20 min, 裂解期约70 min, 并获得部分DNA片段的序列。将获得的DNA序列在NCBI上进行比对, 结果显示, qdvp001与其他噬菌体的同源性较低。该噬菌体很可能是一种新发现的噬菌体。     

基因芯片在细菌基因组学和细胞微生物学研究中的应用

利用基因芯片可以鉴定病原菌在不同宿主微环境中受到差异调节的基因、直接或间接由转录因子控制的基因,以及编码多步骤代谢和生物合成途径中各种组分的基因;通过比较基因组学研究,评价相关菌种和菌株的自然群体内遗传多样性的范围和特性,并在ORF水平描述病原体和共生体之间的差异;同时也可进行感染组织细胞基因表达分析,研究病原体和宿主之间复杂的相互作用关系。     

副溶血弧菌LacZ报告基因融合实验方法的建立与应用

目的:建立副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)的LacZ报告基因融合实验方法。方法:PCR扩增靶基因的整个启动子区序列,并将其直接克隆入pHRP309质粒中,构建重组质粒;将重组质粒VPA1513转入VP野生株(WT)和opaR突变株(ΔopaR)中,而后通过比较两者β半乳糖苷酶活性的差异,确定OpaR对VPA1513的调控关系,以检验实验的稳定性。结果:构建出9个VP生物膜或毒力相关基因的LacZ重组质粒;OpaR对VPA1513的转录具有抑制作用。结论:建立了VP的LacZ报告基因融合实验方法,为后续转录调控机制的研究奠定了基础。     

水产品中创伤弧菌和副溶血弧菌双重PCR检测方法的建立

目的 建立一种同步检测创伤弧菌和副溶血弧菌的双重PCR方法。方法 选择副溶血弧菌tlh基因和创伤弧菌vvhA基因作为靶序列各设计一对引物。用合成的引物对副溶血弧菌和创伤弧菌进行双重PCR扩增,确定特异性和最低检出限。然后用此方法对53株副溶血弧菌和7株创伤弧菌进行检测。结果 确定了双重PCR检测创伤弧菌和副溶血弧菌的最优反应条件,其中退火温度为60 ℃,方法具有较好的特异性。对副溶血弧菌的最低限为1.0×102 CFU/mL,创伤弧菌最低限为4.2×104 CFU/mL。双重PCR对分离株检测符合率达100%。结论 建立的双重PCR方法简便、快速、特异性好,可同时检测副溶血弧菌和创伤弧菌,为水产品中病原菌的基层检测提供解决方案。