共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
朱丹 《现代生物医学进展》2008,8(2):386-389
囊泡启动是细胞调节性分泌中非常关键的一个步骤,囊泡启动后才具备与膜融合的能力.囊泡的启动过程需要SNARE复合体的形成和许多其它蛋白如Muncl3、RIM、CAPS等的参与,但不同类型的分泌囊泡其关键的启动因子并不相同.本文主要从分泌囊泡的启动过程和不同囊泡所特异的启动因子着手,综述了囊泡转运过程中启动步骤的最新研究进展. 相似文献
3.
范俊梅 《现代生物医学进展》2008,8(3):583-586
GLUT4在胰岛素作用下的转运上膜是血糖调控的一个关键途径.其中包含了两个重要的过程-胰岛素信号转导以及GLUT4转运途径.在这两个过程中新的特异分子的发现以及它们功能特点的研究是发展有效的药物治疗糖尿病的关键因素.本文主要从GLUT4在胞内的循环途径,胰岛素调节的GLUT4的转运以及转运中的调控蛋白三个方面着手,综述了GLUT4的转运调控研究进展. 相似文献
4.
水通道蛋白(Aquaporin,AQP)是一类选择性高效转运水分子的细胞膜通道蛋白,广泛存在于原核和真核生物细胞的细胞膜上,主要介导自由水分子的被动跨膜转运,对保持细胞内外液环境的稳态平衡起着重要的作用. 相似文献
5.
铁硫簇是普遍存在于生物体中的最古老的生命物质之一.铁硫簇基本结构单元有[2Fe-2S]、[3Fe-4S]、[4Fe-4S]及.[8Fe-7S]等几种形式,不同结构的铁硫簇具有不同的生物学功能,主要包括参与电子传递、底物的结合与激活、铁/硫的存储、基因表达的调控、酶活的调控等.铁硫簇既可在生物体内合成,也可在体外进行人工组装.铁硫簇的生物合成主要和NIF、ISC、SUF这三个系统有关.研究已确定了参与铁硫簇合成的关键蛋白,但对它们分子水平上的机制及如何进行相互作用在体内外合成铁硫簇的认识尚待进一步研究. 相似文献
6.
SGT1是多种植物抗病基因介导的抗病信号途径的必要组件.SGT1基因的突变或沉默会导致多种植物R基因介导抗病性的丧失.另外,SGT1还参与调控植物的非宿主抗性(non-host resistance).SGT1主要作为分子伴侣或调控泛素化对植物抗病反应进行调控.本文综述了SGT1蛋白结构、SGT1在不同植物抗病反应中的重要性与作用机制,并对SGT1在植物抗病基因工程中的应用潜力进行讨论. 相似文献
7.
朱丹 《现代生物医学进展》2008,8(3):548-550
Ca2 是促发囊泡胞吐的关键调节因子.最近的研究表明,分泌囊泡和通道之间的空间距离调节囊泡分泌的过程和性质.Ca2 通道开口附近形成的Ca2 微区和Ca2 钠区和囊泡快速递质释放有非常紧密的联系.SNARE蛋白和钙离子传感器synaptotagmins等在触发分泌中起调控作用.同时另有一类不依赖于Ca2 的囊泡分泌存在.Latrotoxin和mastoparan等可以激活这一类不依赖于Ca2 的信号通路,从而触发囊泡释放.本文主要从ca2 对囊泡胞吐的调控作用着手,综述了Ca2 依赖和Ca2 不依赖的囊泡分泌过程和可能的调控机制. 相似文献
8.
Exocytosis of mast cell granules requires a vesicular- and plasma membrane-associated fusion machinery. We examined the distribution of SNARE membrane fusion and Munc18 accessory proteins in lipid rafts of RBL mast cells. SNAREs were found either excluded (syntaxin2), equally distributed between raft and non-raft fractions (syntaxin4, VAMP-8, VAMP-2), or selectively enriched in rafts (syntaxin3, SNAP-23). Syntaxin4-binding Munc18-3 was absent, whereas small amounts of the syntaxin3-interacting partner Munc18-2 consistently distributed into rafts. Cognate SNARE complexes of syntaxin3 with SNAP-23 and VAMP-8 were enriched in rafts, whereas Munc18-2/syntaxin3 complexes were excluded. This demonstrates a spatial separation between these two types of complexes and suggests that Munc18-2 acts in a step different from SNARE complex formation and fusion. 相似文献
9.
Shen Wang Cong Ma Shen Wang Ucheor B Choi Jihong Gong Xiaoyu Yang Yun Li Austin L Wang Xiaofei Yang Axel T Brunger Cong Ma 《The EMBO journal》2017,36(6):816-829
The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein syntaxin-1 adopts a closed conformation when bound to Munc18-1, preventing binding to synaptobrevin-2 and SNAP-25 to form the ternary SNARE complex. Although it is known that the MUN domain of Munc13-1 catalyzes the transition from the Munc18-1/syntaxin-1 complex to the SNARE complex, the molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, we identified two conserved residues (R151, I155) in the syntaxin-1 linker region as key sites for the MUN domain interaction. This interaction is essential for SNARE complex formation in vitro and synaptic vesicle priming in neuronal cultures. Moreover, this interaction is important for a tripartite Munc18-1/syntaxin-1/MUN complex, in which syntaxin-1 still adopts a closed conformation tightly bound to Munc18-1, whereas the syntaxin-1 linker region changes its conformation, similar to that of the LE mutant of syntaxin-1 when bound to Munc18-1. We suggest that the conformational change of the syntaxin-1 linker region induced by Munc13-1 initiates ternary SNARE complex formation in the neuronal system. 相似文献
10.
《Structure (London, England : 1993)》2023,31(1):68-77.e5
- Download : Download high-res image (253KB)
- Download : Download full-size image
11.
Gayoung Anna Han Seungmee Park Na-Ryum Bin Chang Hun Jung Byungjin Kim Prashanth Chandrasegaram Maiko Matsuda Indira Riadi Liping Han Shuzo Sugita 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(48):33617-33628
Munc18-1 plays essential dual roles in exocytosis: (i) stabilizing and trafficking the central SNARE protein, syntaxin-1 (i.e. chaperoning function), by its domain-1; and (ii) priming/stimulating exocytosis by its domain-3a. Here, we examine whether or not domain-3a also plays a significant role in the chaperoning of syntaxin-1 and, if so, how these dual functions of domain-3a are regulated. We demonstrate that introduction of quintuple mutations (K332E/K333E/P335A/Q336A/Y337L) in domain-3a of Munc18-1 abolishes its ability to bind syntaxin-1 and fails to rescue the level and trafficking of syntaxin-1 as well as to restore exocytosis in Munc18-1/2 double knockdown cells. By contrast, a quadruple mutant (K332E/K333E/Q336A/Y337L) sparing the Pro-335 residue retains all of these capabilities. A single point mutant of P335A reduces the ability to bind syntaxin-1 and rescue syntaxin-1 levels. Nonetheless, it surprisingly outperforms the wild type in the rescue of exocytosis. However, when additional mutations in the neighboring residues are combined with P335A mutation (K332E/K333E/P335A, P335A/Q336A/Y337L), the ability of the Munc18-1 variants to chaperone syntaxin-1 and to rescue exocytosis is strongly impaired. Our results indicate that residues from Lys-332 to Tyr-337 of domain-3a are intimately tied to the chaperoning function of Munc18-1. We also propose that Pro-335 plays a pivotal role in regulating the balance between the dual functions of domain-3a. The hinged conformation of the α-helix containing Pro-335 promotes the syntaxin-1 chaperoning function, whereas the P335A mutation promotes its priming function by facilitating the α-helix to adopt an extended conformation. 相似文献
12.
Aucher W Simonet V Fremaux C Dalet K Simon L Cenatiempo Y Frère J Berjeaud JM 《FEMS microbiology letters》2004,232(1):15-22
Leuconostoc mesenteroides Y105 and L. mesenteroides FR52 produce both mesentericin Y105 and B105, in equal amounts. The mesentericin operons of L. mesenteroides FR52 and Y105 which are involved in mesentericin Y105 and B105 production, were both sequenced and compared. Differences were limited to the two genes, mesD and mesE, which encode the dedicated transport system of mesentericin Y105. Analysis of mesentericin non-producing mutants and complementation experiments demonstrated that the major role of the membrane fusion protein, MesE, was in bacteriocin secretion for both strains. Moreover, the secretion machinery MesDE was demonstrated to be capable of transportation and maturation of the two pre-bacteriocins, mesentericin Y105 and B105. We also demonstrate that although MesDEs from strains Y105 and FR52 have significant sequence differences, both transporters were capable of assuring secretion of either bacteriocin. 相似文献
13.
Cellular levels of the syntaxin Tlg2p are regulated by a single mode of binding to Vps45p 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Carpp LN Shanks SG Struthers MS Bryant NJ 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2007,363(3):857-860
Sec1p/Munc18 (SM) proteins play a key role in the regulation of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF)-attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated intracellular membrane trafficking events in all eukaryotic cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which SM proteins function has not been straight forward as SM proteins bind to their cognate SNARE proteins by at least two distinct mechanisms, suggesting that they provide more than one function. We have previously characterised two binding modes used by the yeast SM protein Vps45p to interact with its SNARE proteins. In one of these modes, the N terminus of the syntaxin Tlg2p inserts into a hydrophobic pocket in the SM protein. We now report that disruption of this high-affinity binding between Vps45p and Tlg2p leads to downregulation of Tlg2p, and propose that this pocket-mode of binding of SM proteins to their cognate syntaxins serves to regulate cellular levels of the syntaxin. 相似文献
14.
Sec1/Munc18-like (SM) proteins functionally interact with SNARE proteins in vesicular fusion. Despite their high sequence conservation, structurally disparate binding modes for SM proteins with syntaxins have been observed. Several SM proteins appear to bind only to a short peptide present at the N terminus of syntaxin, designated the N-peptide, while Munc18a binds to a 'closed' conformation formed by the remaining portion of syntaxin 1a. Here, we show that the syntaxin 16 N-peptide binds to the SM protein Vps45, but the remainder of syntaxin 16 strongly enhances the affinity of the interaction. Likewise, the N-peptide of syntaxin 1a serves as a second binding site in the Munc18a/syntaxin 1a complex. When the syntaxin 1a N-peptide is bound to Munc18a, SNARE complex formation is blocked. Removal of the N-peptide enables binding of syntaxin 1a to its partner SNARE SNAP-25, while still bound to Munc18a. This suggests that Munc18a controls the accessibility of syntaxin 1a to its partners, a role that might be common to all SM proteins. 相似文献
15.
Lam PP Cosen Binker LI Lugea A Pandol SJ Gaisano HY 《Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)》2007,8(5):605-617
The molecular mechanism of clinical alcohol-induced pancreatitis remains vague. We had reported that experimental high-dose cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced pancreatitis is in part because of excessive aberrant basolateral exocytosis. High-dose CCK caused Munc18c on basolateral plasma membrane (BPM) to dissociate from syntaxin (Syn)-4, activating Syn-4 to complex with plasma membrane (PM)-SNAP-23 and granule-VAMP to mediate basolateral exocytosis. We now hypothesize that alcohol could render the acinar cell BPM conducive to exocytosis by a similar mechanism. Weakly stimulating postprandial doses of alcohol (20-50 mM) inhibited postprandial low-dose CCK-stimulated secretion by blocking physiologic apical exocytosis and redirecting exocytosis to less-efficient basal PM (visualized by FM1-43 fluorescence imaging) and lateral PM sites (electron microscopy). Alcohol or low-dose CCK had no effect on PM-Munc18c, but alcohol preincubation enabled low-dose CCK to displace Munc18c from BPM, leading to SNARE complex assembly in the BPM. Similarly, alcohol diet-fed rats did not exhibit morphologic defects in the pancreas nor affected PM-Munc18c behavior, but subsequent intraperitoneal injections of low-dose CCK analog cerulein caused Munc18c displacement from BPM and cytosolic degradation, which contributed to pancreatitis. We conclude that alcohol induces BPM-Munc18c to become receptive to postprandial CCK-induced displacement into the cytosol, a process which facilitates SNARE complex assembly that in turn activates restricted BPM sites to become available for aberrant exocytosis into the interstitial space, where zymogen activation would take place and cause pancreatitis. 相似文献
16.
Magdalena Magdziarek Agnieszka A. Bolembach Karolina P. Stepien Bradley Quade Xiaoxia Liu Josep Rizo 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2020,29(6):1440-1458
Munc13‐1 is crucial for neurotransmitter release and, together with Munc18‐1, orchestrates assembly of the neuronal SNARE complex formed by syntaxin‐1, SNAP‐25, and synaptobrevin. Assembly starts with syntaxin‐1 folded into a self‐inhibited closed conformation that binds to Munc18‐1. Munc13‐1 is believed to catalyze the opening of syntaxin‐1 to facilitate SNARE complex formation. However, different types of Munc13‐1‐syntaxin‐1 interactions have been reported to underlie this activity, and the critical nature of Munc13‐1 for release may arise because of its key role in bridging the vesicle and plasma membranes. To shed light into the mechanism of action of Munc13‐1, we have used NMR spectroscopy, SNARE complex assembly experiments, and liposome fusion assays. We show that point mutations in a linker region of syntaxin‐1 that forms intrinsic part of the closed conformation strongly impair stimulation of SNARE complex assembly and liposome fusion mediated by Munc13‐1 fragments, even though binding of this linker region to Munc13‐1 is barely detectable. Conversely, the syntaxin‐1 SNARE motif clearly binds to Munc13‐1, but a mutation that disrupts this interaction does not affect SNARE complex assembly or liposome fusion. We also show that Munc13‐1 cannot be replaced by an artificial tethering factor to mediate liposome fusion. Overall, these results emphasize how very weak interactions can play fundamental roles in promoting conformational transitions and strongly support a model whereby the critical nature of Munc13‐1 for neurotransmitter release arises not only from its ability to bridge two membranes but also from an active role in opening syntaxin‐1 via interactions with the linker. 相似文献
17.
The Sec1/Munc18 (SM) protein Munc18-1 and the SNAREs syntaxin-1, SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin form the core of the membrane fusion machinery that triggers neurotransmitter release. Munc18-1 binds to syntaxin-1 folded into a closed conformation and to the SNARE complex formed by the three SNAREs, which involves an open syntaxin-1 conformation. The former interaction is likely specialized for neurotransmitter release, whereas SM protein/SNARE complex interactions are likely key for all types of intracellular membrane fusion. It is currently unclear whether the closed conformation is highly or only marginally populated in isolated syntaxin-1, and whether Munc18-1 stabilizes the close conformation or helps to open it to facilitate SNARE complex formation. A detailed NMR analysis now suggests that the closed conformation is almost quantitatively populated in isolated syntaxin-1 in the absence of oligomerization, and indicates that its structure is very similar to that observed previously in the crystal structure of the Munc18-1/syntaxin-1 complex. Moreover, we demonstrate that Munc18-1 binding prevents opening of the syntaxin-1 closed conformation. These results support a model whereby the closed conformation constitutes a key intrinsic property of isolated syntaxin-1 and Munc18-1 binding stabilizes this conformation; in this model, Munc18-1 plays in addition an active role in downstream events after another factor(s) helps to open the syntaxin-1 conformation. 相似文献