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黑曲霉突变株葡萄糖淀粉酶的底物特异性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)突变株T-21葡萄糖淀粉酶(GAI)仅能水解多种淀粉及麦芽低聚糖生成唯一产物β-葡萄糖,其水解麦芽糖及麦芽三糖的速度分别为200和570mg葡萄糖·h^(-1)·mg^(-1).GAI水解α-1,4键的速度比水解α-1.6键快100多倍.除了马铃薯淀粉外,对其它淀粉及麦芽低聚糖几乎都能100%地水解,但不能水解环状糊精,其水解各麦芽低聚糖的最先产物都比原底物少一个葡萄糖单位,说明GAI为一外切型淀粉酶.GAI对麦芽糖、麦芽三糖、可溶性淀粉、糯米淀粉、糊精及糖原的Km值分别1.92mmol/L、0.38mmol/L、0.053%、0.045%、0.059%、及0.076%,V_(max)分别为590、1370、1270、1520、1120和1220mg葡萄糖·h^(-1)·mg^(-1).D-葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯及麦芽糖醇对此酶分别具有反竞争性抑制和混合性抑制. 相似文献
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黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)突变株T-21葡萄糖淀粉酶(GAI)仅能水解多种淀粉及麦芽低聚糖生成唯一产物β-葡萄糖,其水解麦芽糖及麦芽三糖的速度分别为200和570mg葡萄糖·h~(-1)·mg~(-1).GAI水解α-1,4键的速度比水解α-1.6键快100多倍.除了马铃薯淀粉外,对其它淀粉及麦芽低聚糖几乎都能100%地水解,但不能水解环状糊精,其水解各麦芽低聚糖的最先产物都比原底物少一个葡萄糖单位,说明GAI为一外切型淀粉酶.GAI对麦芽糖、麦芽三糖、可溶性淀粉、糯米淀粉、糊精及糖原的Km值分别1.92mmol/L、0.38mmol/L、0.053%、0.045%、0.059%、及0.076%,V_(max)分别为590、1370、1270、1520、1120和1220mg葡萄糖·h~(-1)·mg~(-1).D-葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯及麦芽糖醇对此酶分别具有反竞争性抑制和混合性抑制. 相似文献
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红曲霉葡萄糖淀粉酶的底物特异性 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
红曲霉(Monascus sp.)As 3.3491的葡萄糖淀粉酶具有多型性,其中的两个主要组分 E3和 E4得到了凝胶电泳均一的样品。比较了它们的底物特异性,同时与粗酶液和未分纯的 E3+4作了比较。从酶对底物的分解限度来看,粗酶液能100%的分解可溶性淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、糖原、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、麦芽糖和麦芽三糖,也能分解茁霉多糖(Pullulan)(35.8%),潘糖(Panose6-α-葡糖基麦芽糖)(27.3%)、异麦芽糖(9.6%)、右旋糖酐(5%)、龙胆二糖(1.9%)。纯北的 E3和 E4仅能100%地分解糖原,麦芽糖和麦芽三糖,对其他底物的分解限度则有不同程度的降低,E3,E4和 E3+4之间没有明显差别,可以看出粗酶液中有能分解α-1,6-糖苷键的酶存在。各种酶样品均不能分解环状糊精(α,β和γ),纤维二糖、龙胆二糖和(?)糖。比较了各种酶样品对不同底物包括不同平均链长的糊精的反应初速度,在用同样的百分浓度下,对麦芽糖、麦芽三糖、支链淀粉,可溶性淀粉等的反应初速度高,而对直链淀粉的反应初速度要低得多,这与它没有分枝,非还原性末端较少有关。对不同平均链长的小分子糊精的反应初速度随着链长的增加而增加。而对异麦芽糖的水解速度仅相当于麦芽糖的1%左右,E3,E4和 E3+4之间无明显的差别。用麦芽糖和可溶性淀粉为底物,比较了 E3和 E4的 Km 值和 Vmax值。两种酶对麦芽糖的Km 值均为1.38×10-1(%),对于可溶性淀粉的 Km 值均为1.05(%),Vmax也基本相同。E3和 E4对可溶性淀粉的水解产物均为β-葡萄糖,两种酶均能催化葡萄糖合成少量寡糖。 相似文献
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产生L-谷氨酸的棒状杆菌新种 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
从北京某食品厂的淀粉废浆水中分离出一株革兰氏染色阳性、无芽孢的产L-谷氨酸细菌。生物素是必需生长因素,硫胺素或某些氨基酸有促进生长的作用,能耐较高浓度的尿素,除由葡萄糖、果糖、甘露糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖及商藻糖产酸外,还能由肌醇、糊精及木糖产酸,但均不产气。通气培养在含葡萄糖和尿素或铵盐的适宜培养基中,能积累大量L一谷氨酸,经鉴定认为是一新种,定名为北京棒状杆菌A S 1.299(Corynebacterium pekinensen. Sp. A S 1.299)。 相似文献
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江崎公司发现糊精葡糖酶(DDase)一旦作用于淀粉,就会将葡萄糖α1→4键重新接到α1→6键上。研究的目标是开发不易老化的淀粉材料。面食品放入冷库变硬是因为淀粉老化的原因。将淀粉的α1→4键的一部分转接到α1→6上,如果淀粉和葡聚糖结合,就能制造不易老化的新的食品材料。江崎生化学研究所,在4月东京召开的日本农艺化学会上,发表了分析DDase的转移反应的研究成果。DDase是美国从啤酒腐败菌Acetobacter属中发现的酶。江崎生化学研究所所长冈田茂孝等筛 相似文献
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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980. 相似文献
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N. P. Vesselkin Yu. V. Natochin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2010,46(6):592-603
Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms.
The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal
mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization
followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The
mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction
of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms
are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning
of physiological systems and organs of the living organism 相似文献
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