斑点叉尾(鱼回)一株致病菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

从发生急性流行性传染病的斑点叉尾NFDA5肝、肾分离到一高致病性的菌株（CCF00024）,经人工感染实验证实其为该病的病原菌。对该菌的形态、生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析结果表明,其为非发酵型,严格需氧,革兰氏阴性杆菌,极生多鞭毛,对除麦芽糖和甘露糖以外的多种糖类不能利用产酸,氧化酶阴性,DNA酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶阳性,MR阴性。在以该菌16S rDNA序列（GenBank登录号AY970826）和GenBank及RDP数据库内同源性较高的细菌16S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树中,分离菌CCF00024与嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonas maltophilia）聚在一簇,特别是与S. maltophilia M51的同源性最高,其序列相似性达99.6%,结合形态和生理生化特点将其鉴定为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonas maltophilia）。     

一株新的胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌的分离和鉴定

从大白菜软腐组织中分离出一株软腐病细菌BC1,经过形态观察、生理生化特性分析、致病性检测和16S rDNA序列分析,该分离物被鉴定为胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌胡萝卜亚种（Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Ecc）的一个新菌株,编号为BC1。这是首次从16S rDNA序列水平上对在我国分布的软腐欧文氏菌进行鉴定。Ecc BC1的16S rDNA序列与其它软腐欧文氏菌株的16S rDNA序列之间同源性达987%～993%,而且在系统发育树中独立于Ecc其它菌株。序列分析结果表明,Ecc BC1具有至少2种不同的16S rDNA序列,它们都在第459位和473位（相对于大肠杆菌16S rDNA序列）发生碱基突变,同一基因中两个突变位点之间彼此互补,处于16S rRNA螺旋H17颈部,而且这两处碱基变异只存在于BC1菌株中。通过与其它软腐欧文氏菌亚种和菌株16S rDNA序列进行比对分析,还进一步鉴定出一些BC1菌株特异的16S rDNA碱基突变位点。本文报道的Ecc BC1两个16S rDNA序列在GenBank中的登录号分别为AY309068和AY309069。     

一株高毒力致病杆菌CB6的鉴定

从北京郊区果园采集的小卷蛾斯氏线虫（Steinernema carpocapsae）肠道内分离到一株具有较强杀虫和抑菌活性的致病杆菌菌株CB6。形态特征及生理生化特征测定结果表明,CB6菌株与致病杆菌属（Xenorhabdus）中的嗜线虫致病杆菌（X. nematophila）种的特征基本一致。测定了该菌株的16S rRNA序列并根据16S rRNA序列构建了系统发育树;在系统发育树中,CB6菌株与嗜线虫致病杆菌其他4个菌株形成一个类群,序列同源性大于99%。但CB6菌株的酪氨酸酶、脂酶（蛋黄）的产生、核糖产酸等生化特征与嗜线虫致病杆菌种内的其他菌株存在一定的差异,且具有更强的杀虫和抑菌活性。因此认为CB6菌株是嗜线虫致病杆菌的一个变种,命名为嗜线虫致病杆菌北京变种（X. nematophila var. pekingensis）。     

一株抗重金属铜镉细菌的分离、鉴定及其16S rDNA的序列分析

从湖北省大冶市矿区土壤中分离到一株高抗铜和镉的菌株,命名为NTG-01。该菌株可以单抗4.5mmol/L的铜和2mmol/L的镉,因此它是研究抗铜或镉机制的重要菌株。对分离到的NTG-01进行了形态学观察和生理生化鉴定以及16S rDNA序列分析。结果显示菌株NTG-01为细菌,革兰氏染色阴性,短杆状,鞭毛周生,菌体大小约为0.8μm×2.0μm,V-P实验阳性,甲基红实验阴性,利用葡萄糖产酸产气;通过对菌株NTG-01的16S rDNA序列进行测定和同源性比对,发现它与产气肠杆菌的16S rDNA有高达99%的同源性,结合形态和生理生化指标,将其鉴定为产气肠杆菌(Enterobacter aerogenes)。通过测定NTG-01对9种重金属的M IC值,可知它对多种重金属具有普遍较高的抗性。     

一株牙鲆皮肤溃烂症病原菌的鉴定

从山东荣成养鱼场发病牙鲆分离到一株病原菌M3,革兰氏阴性,杆状,能运动,菌落半透明,用BIOLOG细菌鉴定系统不能鉴定。通过16S rDNA序列分析和同源性检索发现M3菌株与弧菌属的同源性较高,为94%～98%。系统发育学分析表明菌株M3与鳗弧菌关系最近,相似性为996%,其生化性状也和鳗弧菌的特征相似,故可把M3定为鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)。     

高效产氢细菌新种——Ethanologenbacterium sp. X-1的分离鉴定及其产氢效能

为获得高效产氢发酵细菌,采用改进的厌氧Hungate培养技术,从生物制氢反应器CSTR中分离一株产氢细菌X1。对该株细菌进行了形态学特征、生理生化指标、16S rDNA和16S23S rDNA 间隔区序列分析等研究。结果表明与最相近的种属Clostridium cellulosi和Acetanaerobacterium elongatum等的16S rRNA基因序列同源性为94％以下。16S23S rRNA 间隔区基因序列比对分析显示保守区域仅为tRNAAla和tRNAIle序列,其它可变部位没有同源性区域,鉴定为新属Ethanologenbacterium sp.。该株细菌为专性厌氧杆菌,代谢特征为乙醇发酵,葡萄糖发酵产物主要为乙醇、乙酸、H2和CO2。在pH4.0和36℃条件下最大产氢速率是28.3mmol H2/(g dry cell·h)。经鉴定和产氢效能分析表明该菌株是一新属的高效产氢细菌。     

一株茶碱降解菌的分离和鉴定

从制药废水生物处理系统的活性污泥中经富集分离到一株能以茶碱作为唯一碳、氮源生长的茶碱降解菌Tcn3,该菌株可以利用茶碱的最高浓度为3 000 mg/L。当茶碱浓度为1000 mg/L时被彻底降解的时间仅需48 h。Tcn3菌株降解茶碱的最适pH为80。K＋是该菌株降解茶碱的必需元素。采用16S rDNA序列分析法及传统的生理生化特征鉴定法对该菌株进行鉴定,结果表明,Tcn3的16S rDNA的核苷酸序列与善变副球菌(Paracoccus versutus) ATCC 25364的同源性为997%,在细菌系统发育分类学上属于变形菌α亚类,Rhodobacter组：副球菌属,善变副球菌。     

海绵Pachychalina sp.体内细菌多样性的研究

通过非分离培养分析方法,直接从海绵体内提取细菌总DNA。以样品总DNA为模板进行PCR扩增获得细菌16S rDNA。用16S rDNA限制性酶切片段长度多态性（ARDRA）和测序方法对南海湛江海域海绵Pachychalina sp.体内的细菌多样性进行了研究。在细菌16S rDNA的ARDRA图谱中,大多数克隆的酶切带谱间存在差异;随机挑选22个克隆进行测序得到它们的16S rDNA部分序列,大部分序列属于γproteobacterium和αproteobacterium,但有少数克隆序列与RDP数据库中收录的16S rDNA序列间的相似性极小,不参与系统发育树的构建。研究结果表明海绵Pachychalina sp.体内细菌组成具有丰富的多样性。     

一株纤维蛋白溶解酶产生菌的鉴定及其产酶条件初步研究

从亚洲传统发酵食品--虾酱中筛选到一株产纤维蛋白溶解酶能力较强的菌株,通过形态和常规生理生化性质鉴定,发现该菌株与芽孢杆菌属细菌的特征很相近,结合16S rDNA序列分析,构建系统发育树,确定其分类地位,由中国典型培养物保藏中心定名为Bacillus sp.nov.SK006(CCTCC No.M 205071),并优化了发酵培养基组成及培养条件,本研究为该菌株的深入研究和广泛应用提供了理论依据.     

一株抗重金属铜镉细菌的分离、鉴定及其16S rDNA的序列分析*

从湖北省大冶市矿区土壤中分离到一株高抗铜和镉的菌株,命名为NTG-01。该菌株可以单抗4.5mmol/L的铜和2mmol/L的镉,因此它是研究抗铜或镉机制的重要菌株。对分离到的NTG-01进行了形态学观察和生理生化鉴定以及16S rDNA序列分析。结果显示菌株NTG-01为细菌,革兰氏染色阴性,短杆状,鞭毛周生,菌体大小约为0.8μm×2.0μm,V-P实验阳性,甲基红实验阴性,利用葡萄糖产酸产气;通过对菌株NTG-01的16S rDNA序列进行测定和同源性比对,发现它与产气肠杆菌的16S rDNA有高达     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.