中国蝽科名录与有关学名变动Ⅰ.益蝽亚科(半翅目: 异翅亚目)

本文为中国蝽科(Pentatomidae)审核名录的第一部分,包括全部已知中国分布的益蝽亚科(Asopinae) 种类的学名、异名、分布(中国分布包括省级记录)、以及有关学名变动的简要说明.     

Oviposition pattern of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) under different temperatures

The daily reproductive rate of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) fed with Alabama argillacea (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae was studied at constant temperatures of 20, 23, 25, 28, 30 and 33±0.2°C, relative humidity of 60±10% and photoperiod of L:D 14:10. Daily reproductive rate of P. nigripinus was affected by age of this predator. Each P. nigrispinus female laid 5.3 (20°C) to 19.9 eggs/day (28°C) which developed into 4.3–16.5 nymphs, respectively. Highest daily reproductive rate of P. nigrispinus was recorded at 28 and 30°C for 5–30-day-old females. This predator showed higher daily reproductive rate than its prey A. argillacea at 25°C. It was also able to reproduce at temperatures from 20 to 33°C with maximum daily reproductive rate between 25 and 30°C. These results are important for optimizing mass rearing of P. nigrispinus in the laboratory.     

External thoracic scent efferent system of Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

The metathoracic scent glands in the Heteroptera produce defence secretions which are spread outside the body through and by using the thoracic external scent efferent system. That complex system was studied in 18 species from 11 genera of four subfamilies, Elvisurinae, Eurygastrinae, Hoteinae and Scutellerinae of the family Scutelleridae (Pentatomoidea). The results have been compared with published data. The pattern of that system is more consistent at the level of genus, mostly very similar in the congeneric species, but mostly variable within higher taxonomic levels, tribes and subfamilies. Five types of the external scent efferent system are recognized within the family Scutelleridae, basic two of them in studied species: (i) peritreme well developed, covering large part of metapleuron, evaporatorium small, developed only on metapleuron, (ii) evaporatorium large, more conspicuous than moderate-sized to small peritreme, extending to mesopleuron as large structure. The results do not support a hypothesis that the system of structures associated externally with metathoracic scent glands is in correlation with type of a habitat. However, these structures are well usable as diagnostic characters for scutellerid genera (e.g. Cantao, Hyperonchus, Scutellera and Solenosthedium).     

中国蝽科新记录属种（半翅目：异翅亚目）

报道中国蝽科(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)3个中国新记录属:库蝽属 Cuspicona Dallas、赫蝽属Hermolaus Distant、昂角蝽属 Oncinoproctus Breddin,以及6个新记录种:绿库蝽 Cuspicona antica Vollenhoven、赫蝽 Hermolaus typicus Distant、笑曼蝽 Menida atkinsoni Distant、昂角蝽 Oncinoproctus griseolus Breddin、斑卷蝽 Paterculus aberrans Distant 和短线鳖蝽 Rolstoniellus malacanicus (Yang)。并给出各种的虫体背腹面照片和生殖节结构图。除绿库蝽的观察标本保存在中国科学院动物所(IZCAS)以外,其余研究观察标本保存在南开大学昆虫研究所标本馆(NKUM)。     

Fertility table and rate of population growth of the predator Supputius cincticeps (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on one plant of Eucalyptus cloeziana in the field

The reproductive potential and population growth (r_m and λ) of the predator Supputius cincticeps (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were evaluated using a life and fertility table. S. cincticeps was reared on one plant of Eucalyptus cloeziana in the field and fed with Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae. Females of this predator had a net reproductive rate (R₀) of 21.02 females/female; an intrinsic rate of population increase (r_m) of 0.041 and finite rate of increase (λ) of 1.042. This resulted in population growth of S. cincticeps in the eucalyptus plant with a doubling time of 17.01 days. This natural enemy can be reared under field conditions with alternative prey for use in biological control. Such individuals of S. cinticeps will be better adapted to field conditions when they are liberated.     

Tibial combs in the Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and their functional, taxonomic and phylogenetic significance

Tibial combs in representatives of the family Cydnidae are described in detail for the first time. The structure was studied in 98 species of 58 genera representing all the subfamilies, among them 16 species were investigated using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. In addition, Parastrachia japonensis (Scott, 1880) of the family Parastrachiidae, and two species of Dismegistus Amyot and Serville, 1843 (a genus of uncertain systematic position within Pentatomoidea) have also been studied. Morphological terminology is proposed for all the structures connected with tibial combs and the term 'the tibial comb complex' is suggested; its functional, taxonomic and phylogenetic significance is also discussed. The genera of Cydnidae can be classified into two groups depending on differences in the tibial comb complex, when it is present; moreover, its absence in the tribe Scaptocorini (Cephalocteinae) is demonstrated for the first time and is regarded as an autapomorphy of this tribe. Data on the occurrence of tibial combs in other families of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are also briefly reviewed, and an anagenetic trend in their evolution in terrestrial Heteroptera is hypothesized. The presence of tibial combs on all legs is regarded as the most plesiomorphic state.     

五种蝽科昆虫的细胞分类学研究（半翅目：异翅亚目）

研究了5种中国蝽科昆虫的核型和染色体的减数分裂行为,并采用核型分析软件对第一次减数分裂中期的染色体进行核型分析。结果表明：驼蝽Brachycerocoris camalus Costa、滴蝽Dybowskyia reticulata(Dallas）和红玉蝽Hoplistodera pulchra Yang3个种的染色体组成均为2n（♂）＝14,具有X－Y性别决定机制;减数分裂行为比较一致,但在中期－Ⅰ时,常染色体和性染色体的排列方式各不相同,可为蝽科昆虫的形态分类及系统发育提供有用的证据。二星蝽Eysarcoris guttiger(Thunberg）的染色体组成为2n（♂）＝15,具有X1X2Y性别决定机制,进一步证明了在半翅目昆虫的性染色体进化中碎片化过程起着很重要的作用;黑斑二星蝽Eysarcoris fabricii(Kirkaldy）的染色体组成为2n（♂）＝16,具有X－Y性别决定机制。后2种的核型结果,可为二星蝽属分类的进一步研究提供参考。     

True bugs (Hemiptera,Heteroptera) as psyllid predators (Hemiptera,Psylloidea)

Data on natural enemies of psyllids are rare and can usually be found in papers about economically significant species. During an investigation of psyllid fauna in Serbia, natural enemies were investigated, too. True bugs were the most numerous among them. From 28 psyllid species, 21 species of true bugs from families Anthocoridae and Miridae were reared. Seven species of Anthocoridae were identified: Anthocoris amplicollis (Horváth, 1839), Anthocoris confusus Reuter, 1884, Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius, 1794), Anthocoris nemorum (Linnaeus, 1761), Orius majusculus Reuter, 1884, Orius minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Orius niger Wolff, 1811. The following 14 species of Miridae were identified: Atractotomus mali Meyer-Dür, 1843, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer-Dür, 1843), Deraeocoris flavilinea (A. Costa, 1862), Deraeocoris ruber (Linnaeus, 1758), Deraeocoris lutescens (Schilling, 1836), Heterocordylus genistae (Scopoli, 1763), Hypseloecus visci (Puton, 1888), Malacocoris chlorizans Panzer, 1794, Miris striatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Orthotylus marginalis Reuter, 1884, Psallus assimilis Stichel, 1956, Psallus quercus Kirschbaum, 1856, Psallus flavellus Stichel, 1933 and Pseudoloxops coccinea (Meyer-Dür, 1843). The aim of the research was to provide list of true bugs recorded as predators of psyllids in order to preserve their diversity and significance, especially on cultivated plants.     

The Stenopodainae (Hemiptera,Heteroptera) of Argentina

In Argentina, 10 genera and 33 species of Stenopodainae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) have been recorded. Diagnoses of the genera, subgenera and species are given, and an illustrated key to genera is provided. Six species are new records for Argentina and an additional seven species represent new records for provinces.     

Effects of diet on development of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Het., Pentatomidae), a predator of the cotton leafworm

Abstract:  The effects of diet on development of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Het., Pentatomidae) were studied at 25°C, relative humidity of 60 ± 10%, and photoperiod of 14 h light : 10 h dark. Development times of P. nigrispinus nymphs were similar when fed with third or fifth instar larvae of cotton leafworm ( Alabama argillacea Hübner) (Lep., Noctuidae) or Tenebrio molitor L. (Col., Tenebrionidae). When fed with housefly larvae ( Musca domestica L.) (Dipt., Muscidae) or artificial diet, the predator had a longer development time. Independent of diet, instar or sex, the females of P. nigrispinus showed a longer longevity than the males. The total survival of the nymphal stage, on the different diets, varied from 22.46 (fed with housefly) to 77.33% (fed with T. molitor larvae). P. nigrispinus males were heavier when fed with third or fifth instar cotton leafworm larvae than when fed with artificial diet. The weight of the females varied from 37.91 (with artificial diet) to 64.68 mg (with fifth instar cotton leafworm larvae). Independently of the diet, newly emerged females of P. nigrispinus were heavier than the males. Females of P. nigrispinus which were fed with fifth instar cotton leafworm larvae had heavier ovaries than those fed other diets.     

New Aradidae from Ecuador (Hemiptera,Heteroptera, Aradidae)

As an addition to the presently poorly known aradid fauna of Ecuador, 3 new genera and 4 new species are described: Osellaptera setiferagen. n., sp. n.; Kormilevia ecuadorianasp. n. both belonging to Mezirinae; and CarventinaeCotopaxicoris cruciatusgen. n., sp. n. and Onorecoris piceusgen. n., sp. n. An updated key is provided for all species of the Neotropical genus Kormilevia Usinger & Matsuda, 1959.     

Comparative morphology of the foliage leaf epidermis, with emphasis on papillae characters, in key taxa of woody bamboos of the Asian tropics (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

The foliage leaf epidermis of 35 species representing 12 key genera of woody bamboos of the Asian tropics was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that papillae forms and distributional patterns around the stomatal apparatus of the abaxial foliage leaf epidermis were usually constant and were of great taxonomic significance at the specific and generic levels. However, papillae characters were not suitable for dividing subtribes within woody bamboos of the Asian tropics. On the basis of papillae characters, Schizostachyum s.s. and Cephalostachyum were confirmed, but their delimitations should be modified. The transfer of Leptocanna chinensis and Schizostachyum sanguineum into Cephalostachyum was supported, and Cephalostachyum virgatum and C .  pergracile were confirmed to be members of Schizostachyum s.s. The subtribe Racemobambosinae did not obtain support and Racemobambos appeared to be better placed in subtribe Bambusinae. Neomicrocalamus was supported as a close relative and better treated as a synonym of Racemobambos . Gigantochloa was closely related to Dendrocalamus .  © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 156 , 411–423.     

A revision of the genus Hemitrochostoma (Hemiptera,Heteroptera, Plataspidae)

The genus Hemitrochostoma Bergroth, 1913 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Plataspidae) is redescribed and reviewed. Two species are recognized: the type species Hemitrochostoma altilabris Bergroth, 1913 (Malaysia: Sarawak), and Hemitrochostoma rutabulum sp. n. (Malaysia: Perak). The following new subjective synonymies are proposed: Hemitrochostoma Bergroth, 1913 = Inflatilabrum Tomokuni, 2012, syn. n.; Hemitrochostoma altilabris Bergroth, 1913 = Inflatilabrum lambirense Tomokuni, 2012, syn. n.     

The defensive secretion of Vitellus insularis (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

The defensive secretion of the guava bug, Vitellus insularis Stål, from Fiji was examined by gas liquid chromatography. Tridecane, trans‐dec‐2‐enal, and trans‐4‐ketohex‐2‐enal were identified, by comparison with reference compounds and by chemical treatment, as the main components.     

Comparison of susceptibility of pest Euschistus servus and predator Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) to selected insecticides

Susceptibility of the brown stink bug, Euschistus serous (Say), and the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), to acetamiprid, cyfluthrin, dicrotophos, indoxacarb, oxamyl, and thiamethoxam, was compared in residual and oral toxicity tests. Generally, susceptibility of P. maculiventris to insecticides was significantly greater than or not significantly different from that of E. servus. Cyfluthrin and oxamyl were more toxic to the predator than to E. servus in residual and feeding tests, respectively. Dicrotophos is the only compound that exhibited both good residual and oral activity against E. servus, but even this toxicant was more toxic to the predator than to the pest in oral toxicity tests. Feeding on indoxacarb-treated food caused high mortality for both nymphs and adults of P. maculiventris. In contrast, E. servus was unaffected by feeding on food treated with this compound. Insecticide selectivity to P. maculiventris was detected only with acetamiprid for adults in residual toxicity tests and for nymphs in oral toxicity tests. Because insecticide selectivity to P. maculiventris was limited, it is extremely important to conserve P. maculiventris in cotton fields by applying these insecticides for control of brown stink bugs only when the pest reaches economic threshold.     

Susceptibility of pest Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and parasitoid Trichopoda pennipes (Diptera: Tachinidae) to selected insecticides

Susceptibility of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), and its endoparasitoid Trichopoda pennipes (F.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) to acetamiprid, cyfluthrin, dicrotophos, indoxacarb, oxamyl, and thiamethoxam was compared in residual and oral toxicity tests. In the residual toxicity test, cyfluthrin, dicrotophos, and oxamyl were highly toxic to N. viridula. Thiamethoxam was moderately toxic to these insects. Each of the four insecticides was highly toxic to T. pennipes after prolonged tarsal contact with dried residues of these chemicals. In the oral toxicity test, where N. viridula fed on food covered with insecticide residues, none of the insecticides were toxic to adults of this stink bug, but acetamiprid, dicrotophos, and thiamethoxam were moderately toxic to the nymphs. In the oral toxicity test, where N. viridula fed on a gel-food containing insecticides, cyfluthrin, dicrotophos, oxamyl, and thiamethoxam were highly toxic to this stink bug. In an oral toxicity test using contaminated sugar water, all of the insecticides were highly toxic to T. pennipes. Because insecticides were as toxic, or more toxic, to T. pennipes than to N. viridula, it is extremely important to conserve this parasitoid by applying these insecticides for control of southern green stink bugs only when the pest reaches economic threshold.