灯台树内生放线菌多样性及抗菌活性评价

从云南西双版纳采集7份灯台树样品,经过表面消毒,用4种分离培养基分离得到105株内生放线菌。经16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定,分布于7个科9个属。利用5种植物病原真菌指示菌对所有菌株的发酵液进行抗菌活性检测。结果显示,有12.4%、14.3%、11.4%、12.4%、8.6%的菌株分别对镰刀霉、疫霉、赤星霉、苹果炭疽、白色念珠菌有抗性。对3株具有广谱抗菌活性的菌株进行再次发酵和抗菌活性复筛,结果显示这3株的抗菌活性稳定,并可能含有生物碱类化合物。     

Brine Shrimp致死率生物鉴定法对八种民间药活性成分的研究

采用ＴｈｅＢｒｉｎｅＳｈｒｉｍｐＬｃｔａｌｉｔｙＢｉｏａｓｓａｙ法对民间药翼蓼ＰｔｅｒｏｘｙｇｏｎｕｍｇｉｒａｌｄｉｉＤｕｍｍｅｒｅｔＤｉｅｌｓ）,金荞麦（Ｆａｇｏｐｙｒｕｍｄｉｂｏｔｒｙｓ（Ｄ．Ｄｏｎ）Ｈａｒａ）,齿果酸模（ＲｕｍｅｘｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓＬ．）巴天酸模（ＲｕｍｅｘｐａｔｉｅｎｔｉａＬ．）网果酸模（ＲｕｍｅｘｄｉｃｔｙｏｃａｒｐｕｓＢｏｉｓｓｅｔＢｕｈｓｅ）、掌叶大黄（Ｒｈｅｕｍｐａｌ     

菊科植物的杀菌活性及其活性成分

本文对菊科16个属———刺苞果属(Acanthospermum)、蓍属(Achillea)、胜红蓟属(Ageratum)、蒿属(Arte-misia)、紫苑属(Aster)、Balsamorhiza、雏菊属(Bellis)、鬼针草属(Bidens)、艾纳香属(Blumea)、天明精属(Carpe-sium)、红花属(Carthamus)、矢车菊属(Centaurea)、茼蒿属(Chrysanthemum)、菊苣属(Cichorium)、秋英属(Cos-mos)、大丽花属(Dahlia)中具有杀菌活性的植物按属的顺序进行了综述.表明在16个属中主要杀菌植物集中在蓍属(Achillea)、胜红蓟属(Ageratum)、蒿属(Artemisia)、天明精属(Carpesium)和矢车菊属(Centaurea)等5个属中,为进一步开展菊科植物资源的植物性杀菌剂研究和开发利用提供参考.     

夹竹桃科植物中强心苷的分布及其药理活性研究进展

本文概述了夹竹桃科植物中强心苷的分布及国内外从夹竹桃科植物中分离得到的强心苷类化合物药理活性研究进展。     

思茅山橙根中生物碱类成分及其抗肿瘤活性研究北大核心CSCD

采用多种色谱法从思茅山橙根部分的生物碱粗提物分离得到10个生物碱类化合物,利用波谱等方法对其结构进行鉴定,包括3种不同的生物碱骨架结构,分别为喹啉型生物碱:melodinhenine D(1)、melaxilline A(2)、11-methoxytabersonine(3)、meloscandonine(4)、melodinine T(5);白坚木型生物碱:venalstonidine(6)、vandrikidine(7);长春曼胺型生物碱:14,15-dehydrovincine (8)、14,15-dehydro-16-epi-vincamine (9)、△14-vincanol(10)。除化合物1,5和8外,其余化合物均首次从思茅山橙中分离得到。采用MTT法对分离所得的化合物进行体外抗人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7活性测试,结果显示化合物3表现出显著的细胞毒活性,其IC_(50)值为23. 4μM。     

盆架树中单萜吲哚生物碱成分的分离与结构鉴定

本文对夹竹桃科盆架树属盆架树(Winchia calophylla A.DC.)小枝的化学成分进行了研究,从其甲醇提取物中分离得到4个单萜吲哚生物碱。采用波谱技术并结合文献分别鉴定为echitamidine、17-O-acetyl-Nb-demethylechitamine、Nb-demethylechitamine、Nb-demethylechitamine N-oxide。     

蝉蜕活性成分的提取及其抑菌活性的研究

本文报道了对传统中药蝉蜕抑菌活性成分提取与抑菌活性研究结果。对4种提取方法和7种提取溶剂的提取效果进行了平行比较研究,研究结果显示,以体积分数95%乙醇作为提取溶剂,4种提取方法中,以超声波法提取时的浸膏得率最高。采用超声波提取法时,在7种提取溶剂中,以95%乙醇提取浸膏的得率最高。抑菌试验结果表明,不同方法获得提取物与对照组相比对Escheridia coli均有明显的抑菌作用(P≤0.05),但不同提取方法得到的提取物之间,并无显著的抑菌活性差异。其中采用超声波提取法,以95%乙醇为提取溶剂时,所得提取物的抑菌活性最高,对E.coli的最小抑菌浓度为0.078 mg/mL。该研究结果是蝉蜕抑菌成分的首次报道。     

天然产物抗病毒活性成分的研究进展

按照化学成分结构类型的不同,将近五年来具有抗病毒活性的天然产物研究近况做一综述,旨为以天然产物为研究对象,大力开展开发抗病毒药物提供依据。     

Indole alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris

A new indole alkaloid, alstonamine and a sitsirikine type indole alkaloid, rhazimanine, have been isolated from the leaves of Alstonia scholaris.     

Pollen morphology of Alstonia (Apocynaceae)

The pollen of Alstonia has been studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains are always colporate. Four distinct pollen types could be recognized. Type 1 (2‐aperturate) and type 2 (3‐aperturate) have rounded endopores, while type 3 (?<36 μm) and type 4 (?>49 μm) possess H‐endoapertures. Probably, all four types have harmomegathically inactive apertures and folding mesocolpia. Type 1 is found in five species of section Alstonia. The other species of this section and the monotypic section Winchia have type 2. The sections Dissuraspermum, Monuraspermum and Tonduzia have pollen type 3. This type may be subdivided on the basis of some minor (overlapping) features, which more or less segregate Dissuraspermum from Monuraspermum. Palynologically, the monotypic American section Tonduzia appears to be most related to the Malesian/Australian/Pacific sections Monuraspermum and Dissuraspermum, and not to the African species of section Alstonia.     

鸡骨常山属三个种的核形态

研究了鸡骨常山属（Alstonia）3个种的核形态,其中盆架树（A.rostrata）的核型属首次报道,3个种的体细胞染色体数目均为2n=42,且糖胶树（A.scholaris）和鸡骨常山（A.yunnanensis）的染色体数目同前人报道的2n=44不同。盆架树的间期核和有丝分裂前期染色体分别为棒状前染色体型和中间型,核型公式为2n=42=3M＋21m＋18sm,核型不对称性类型为2A型。糖胶树的间期核和有丝分裂前期染色体分别为球状前染色体型和中间型,核型公式为2n=42=14m＋24sm＋4st,核型不对称性类型为3A型。鸡骨常山的间期核和有丝分裂前期染色体分别为复杂染色体中央粒型和中间型,核型公式为2n=42=5m＋37sm,核型不对称性类型为3B型。根据核形态结果,结合形态学特征和已有的细胞学资料,初步讨论了该属几个种的系统位置及演化趋势。     

Indole alkaloids from the leaves of Philippine Alstonia scholaris

The first seco-uleine alkaloids, manilamine (1) (18-hydroxy-19,20-dehydro-7,21-seco-uleine) and N4-methyl angustilobine B (2), were isolated from the (pH 5) alkaloid extract of Philippine Alstonia scholaris leaves together with the known indole alkaloids 19,20-(E)-vallesamine (3), angustilobine B N4-oxide (4), 20(S)-tubotaiwine (5), and 6,7-seco-angustilobine B (6). The structure of the alkaloids was established from MS and NMR experiments.     

Biotransformation of pentacyclic terpene isolated from Alstonia scholaris (R.BR.)

Abstract

Betulin (1) a pentacyclic triterpene was isolated from medicinal plant Alstonia scholaris (R.BR.) and its structural modification by five filamentous fungi was investigated using flask shake and stirred bioreactor methods. Screening-scale and preparative-scale biotransformation with a standard two-stage protocol yielded betulinic acid (2). Out of five fungal strains (Microsporum canis, Trichophyton tonsurans, Aspergillus niger, A. niger NIAB-280 and Penicillium spp.) only two strains, M. canis and T. tonsurans, showed significant yield of (2). Samples withdrawn from fermentation medium were extracted with ethyl acetate and purified using column chromatography. Compound 2 was extracted from fermentation medium after 5–10 days. Flasks and the bioreactor were stirred at 250 rpm and 28°C. The yield of (2) gradually increased with incubation time. A stirred bioreactor was found to be convenient and simple for compound 1 oxidation. A validated analytical HPLC method was employed to confirm the biotransformation of compound 1 to 2.     

灯架树的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称灯架树(Alstonia scholaris),又名糖胶树、鹰爪木、象皮木. 2材料类别幼龄植株带芽茎段. 3培养条件丛芽的诱导及增殖培养基:(1)WPM 6-BA 1 mg·-1(单位下同) IBA 0.1;(2)WPM 6-BA2 IBA 0.2;(3)WPM KT 1 IBA 0.1;(4)WPM KT2 IBA 0.2.生根培养基:(5)MS KT 0.2 IBA 0.5.上述培养基均添加0.7%琼脂、3%蔗糖,pH5.8±0.1.培养温度(28±2)℃,光照时间10 h·d-1,光照度为2 000 lx.     

Scholarine: An indole alkaloid of Alstonia scholaris

A new alkaloid designated scholarine was isolated from the leaves of Alstonia scholaris. It was (±) 12-methoxyechitamidine as determined by chemical and spectroscopic investigations.