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1.
Response of soil carbon dioxide fluxes,soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon to biochar amendment: a meta‐analysis
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Shuwei Liu Yaojun Zhang Yajie Zong Zhiqiang Hu Shuang Wu Jie Zhou Yaguo Jin Jianwen Zou 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2016,8(2):392-406
Biochar as a carbon‐rich coproduct of pyrolyzing biomass, its amendment has been advocated as a potential strategy to soil carbon (C) sequestration. Updated data derived from 50 papers with 395 paired observations were reviewed using meta‐analysis procedures to examine responses of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes, soil organic C (SOC), and soil microbial biomass C (MBC) contents to biochar amendment. When averaged across all studies, biochar amendment had no significant effect on soil CO2 fluxes, but it significantly enhanced SOC content by 40% and MBC content by 18%. A positive response of soil CO2 fluxes to biochar amendment was found in rice paddies, laboratory incubation studies, soils without vegetation, and unfertilized soils. Biochar amendment significantly increased soil MBC content in field studies, N‐fertilized soils, and soils with vegetation. Enhancement of SOC content following biochar amendment was the greatest in rice paddies among different land‐use types. Responses of soil CO2 fluxes and MBC to biochar amendment varied with soil texture and pH. The use of biochar in combination with synthetic N fertilizer and waste compost fertilizer led to the greatest increases in soil CO2 fluxes and MBC content, respectively. Both soil CO2 fluxes and MBC responses to biochar amendment decreased with biochar application rate, pyrolysis temperature, or C/N ratio of biochar, while each increased SOC content enhancement. Among different biochar feedstock sources, positive responses of soil CO2 fluxes and MBC were the highest for manure and crop residue feedstock sources, respectively. Soil CO2 flux responses to biochar amendment decreased with pH of biochar, while biochars with pH of 8.1–9.0 had the greatest enhancement of SOC and MBC contents. Therefore, soil properties, land‐use type, agricultural practice, and biochar characteristics should be taken into account to assess the practical potential of biochar for mitigating climate change. 相似文献
2.
Pyrolysis of biomass is a means to industrially manufacture renewable oil and gas, in addition to biochar for soil amendment and long-term carbon fixation. In this work, oil and char derived from the slow pyrolysis of the unicellular marine diatom Tetraselmis chui are analysed using a variety of techniques. The pyrolytic oil fraction exhibits a wide variety of fatty acids, alkanes, alkenes, amides, aldehydes, terpenes, pyrrolidinines, phytol and phenols, with a high heating value (HHV) of 28 MJ/kg. The biochar produced has a HHV of 14.5 MJ/kg and reveals a number of properties that are potentially valuable from an agronomic point of view, including high cation exchange capacity (CEC), large concentration of N, and a low C:N ratio. The quantity of C in T. chui biochar that can be expected to stabilise in soil amounts to approximately 9%/wt of the original feedstock, leading to a potential net reduction in atmospheric CO2. 相似文献
3.
生物炭对不同土壤化学性质、小麦和糜子产量的影响 总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37
以小麦和糜子为供试作物,利用室外盆栽试验,研究了不同添加量生物炭与矿质肥配施对两种不同土壤化学性质及小麦和糜子产量的影响。生物炭当季用量设5个水平:B0 (0 t/hm2)、B5 (5 t/hm2)、B10 (10 t/hm2)、B15 (15 t/hm2)和B20 (20 t/hm2),氮磷钾肥均作基肥施用。结果表明:1.与对照相比,施用生物炭可以显著增加新积土糜子季土壤pH值,其他处理随生物炭用量的增加虽有增加趋势但差异不显著;显著增加新积土土壤阳离子交换量,增幅为1.5 %—58.2 %;显著增加两种土壤有机碳含量,增幅为31.1 %—272.2 %;2.两种土壤的矿质态氮含量、新积土土壤有效磷和速效钾含量随生物炭用量的增加而显著提高,氮磷钾增幅分别为6.0 %—112.8 %、3.8 %—38.5 %和6.1 %—47.2 %;3.生物炭可显著提高塿土上作物氮吸收量,而作物磷、钾吸收量虽有增加,但差异不显著。生物炭对小麦和糜子的增产效应尚不稳定,在试验最高用量时甚至产生轻微抑制作用。总之,施用生物炭在一定程度上可以改善土壤化学性质,提高土壤有效养分含量,但生物炭对土壤和作物的影响与土壤、作物类型及土壤肥力密切相关。 相似文献
4.
施用生物炭对华北平原农田土壤容重、阳离子交换量和颗粒有机质含量的影响 总被引:46,自引:0,他引:46
以华北平原高产农田3年定位试验为基础,研究了生物炭与矿质肥配施对土壤容重、阳离子交换量和颗粒有机质组分中碳、氮含量的影响.试验共设4个处理:单施氮磷钾肥(CK);氮磷钾肥+2250 kg·hm-2生物炭(C1);氮磷钾肥+4500 kg·hm-2生物炭(C2);炭基缓释肥(750 kg·hm-2,CN).结果表明: 与CK相比,C1和C2处理显著降低了0~7.5 cm土层容重,降低幅度分别为4.5%和6.0%;施用生物炭增加了0~15 cm土层的阳离子交换量,其中C2处理增加了24.5%;在0~7.5 cm土层,C1处理土壤颗粒有机质组分中的碳、氮浓度较CK处理分别增加了250%和85%,C2处理分别增加了260%和120%.施用生物炭3年后土壤理化特性得到明显改善,并在碳增汇和温室减排方面具有潜在积极效应. 相似文献
5.
Jessica L. Sarauer Deborah S. Page‐Dumroese Mark D. Coleman 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2019,11(5):660-671
Restoring overstocked forests by thinning and pyrolyzing residual biomass produces biochar and other value‐added products. Forest soils amended with biochar have potential to sequester carbon (C), improve soil quality, and alter greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions without depleting nutrient stocks. Yet, few studies have examined the effects of biochar on GHG emissions and tree growth in temperate forest soils. We measured GHG emissions, soil C content, and tree growth at managed forest sites in Idaho, Montana, and Oregon. We applied biochar amendments of 0, 2.5, or 25 Mg/ha to the forest soil surface. Flux of carbon dioxide and methane varied by season; however, neither were affected by biochar amendment. Flux of nitrous oxide was not detected at these nitrogen‐limited and unfertilized forest sites. Biochar amendment increased soil C content by 41% but did not affect tree growth. Overall, biochar had no detrimental effects on forest trees or soils. We conclude that biochar can be used harmlessly for climate change mitigation in forests by sequestering C in the soil. 相似文献
6.
Peeyush Sharma Vikas Abrol Vikas Sharma Shubham Chaddha Ch. Srinivasa Rao A.Q. Ganie Daniel Ingo Hefft Mohamed A. El-Sheikh Sheikh Mansoor 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(12):7539-7549
Organic manures in combination with biochar might improve efficacy of biochar in improving soil functions related to hydro-physical properties and a field experiment was conducted over the course of two years with two levels of biochar @ 0 and 2tha−1 and four levels of compost (100% recommended dose of N through farm yard manure, 100% recommended dose of N through vermicompost, 50% recommended dose of N through farm yard manure, and vermicompost each, and unfertilized control). Each treatment was replicated three times in factorial randomized block design (RBD). The objective of this research was to determine the effects of biochar and compost on soil hydro-physical properties, water use efficiency, monetary returns and yield of knolkhol (Brassica oleracea var. gongyloides L.) under sub-tropics of North West India. Compared with no-biochar, application of biochar significantly increased knolkhol yield by 7.8% and soil properties (infiltration rate, aggregate stability, maximum water holding capacity and hydraulic conductivity). Similarly, integration of compost significantly enhanced the soil water retention, aggregate stability, hydraulic conductivity and crop yield and gave highest infiltration rate, water retention, hydraulic conductivity and crop yield under M3 (50 % N through farm yard manure, +50 % N through vermicompost) treatment. Furthermore, synergetic positive effect of biochar and compost were noted for soil infiltration rate (4–38%), water retention (0.9–13.7%), aggregate stability (6–10.7%) and yield (6–11.9%) over the sole application of compost. Combined use of farm yard manure, and vermicompost accompanied by biochar resulted in highest net returns and B:C ratio. Biochar in combination with farm yard manure, and vermicompost can enhance soil hydraulic properties resulting in increased crop yield and maximum monetary returns under subtropical conditions. 相似文献
7.
Effect of biochar amendment on maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a soil organic carbon poor calcareous loamy soil from Central China Plain 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
Afeng Zhang Yuming Liu Genxing Pan Qaiser Hussain Lianqing Li Jinwei Zheng Xuhui Zhang 《Plant and Soil》2012,351(1-2):263-275
Aims
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar on maize yield and greenhouse gases (GHGs) in a calcareous loamy soil poor in organic carbon from Henan, central great plain, China.Methods
Biochar was applied at rates of 0, 20 and 40?t?ha?1 with or without N fertilization. With N fertilization, urea was applied at 300?kg?N ha?1, of which 60% was applied as basal fertilizer and 40% as supplementary fertilizer during crop growth. Soil emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O were monitored using closed chambers at 7?days intervals throughout the whole maize growing season (WMGS).Results
Biochar amendments significantly increased maize production but decreased GHGs. Maize yield was increased by 15.8% and 7.3% without N fertilization, and by 8.8% and 12.1% with N fertilization under biochar amendment at 20?t?ha?1 and 40?t?ha?1, respectively. Total N2O emission was decreased by 10.7% and by 41.8% under biochar amendment at 20?t?ha?1 and 40?t?ha?1 compared to no biochar amendment with N fertilization. The high rate of biochar (40?t?ha?1) increased the total CO2 emission by 12% without N fertilization. Overall, biochar amendments of 20?t?ha?1 and 40?t?ha?1 decreased the total global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O by 9.8% and by 41.5% without N fertilization, and by 23.8% and 47.6% with N fertilization, respectively. Biochar amendments also decreased soil bulk density and increased soil total N contents but had no effect on soil mineral N.Conclusions
These results suggest that application of biochar to calcareous and infertile dry croplands poor in soil organic carbon will enhance crop productivity and reduce GHGs emissions. 相似文献8.
Hira Javaid Siddiqui Shamim Gul Attiq-ur-Rehman Kakar Umbreen Shaheen Gul Bano Rehman Naqeebullah Khan Samiullah 《Phyton》2021,90(2):651-676
This pot-based study investigated the influence of poultry manure and 1:1 mixture of poultry manure + biochar (produced from farmyard manure [FYM] or wood), on the biomass production and concentration of heavy metals in leaves
of lettuce and spinach. The concentration of mineral nitrogen (N) and soluble inorganic phosphorus (P) of soils cultivated with these vegetables was also investigated. The application of poultry manure or FYM biochar in soil as 10%
(equivalent to 60 t ha–1
, an estimated 1726.8 kg ha–1 N in poultry manure and 1353.9 kg ha–1 N in FYM) and 15%
amendment (equivalent to 90 t ha–1
, an estimated 2590.2 kg ha–1 N in poultry manure and 2030.8 kg ha–1 N in
FYM) significantly decreased biomass production of lettuce as compared to control (no fertilizer added) treatment.
However, mixture of poultry manure with wood-derived biochar at both application rates (i.e., 10% and 15%) and with
FYM biochar at lower application rate (i.e., 10%) caused 2–3-fold increase in aboveground plant biomass and 2–14-fold
increase in root biomass (p < 0.05). Furthermore, as compared to control treatment, a significant ~2–3-fold increase in
aboveground plant biomass was also observed in response to mixture of poultry manure with wood-derived and FYM
derived biochars at 10% amendment rates. As compared to control treatment, concentration of mineral N and soluble
inorganic P were higher in soils of all other treatments. In spinach, amendment of poultry manure or its co-amendment
with biochar of FYM significantly increased aboveground plant biomass at 7% (equivalent to 42 t ha–1
) as compared to
3% and 5% amendment rates (equivalent to 18 and 30 t ha–1 respectively). The concentration of soil mineral N and soil
soluble mineral P was not different between treatments. In lettuce, wood-derived biochar did not reduce concentration
of heavy metals (i.e., manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron, (Fe), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co)
than FYM-derived biochar while in spinach, as compared to poultry manure, co-amendment of poultry manure with
wood-derived biochar reduced concentration of heavy metals, indicating differential responses of crops to organic
amendments. 相似文献
9.
Variation in Soil Methane Release or Uptake Responses to Biochar Amendment: A Separate Meta-analysis
Cheng Ji Yaguo Jin Chen Li Jie Chen Delei Kong Kai Yu Shuwei Liu Jianwen Zou 《Ecosystems》2018,21(8):1692-1705
Agricultural soils play an important role in the atmospheric methane (CH4) budget, where paddy soils can contribute significant CH4 to atmosphere whereas upland soils may act as a source or sink of atmospheric CH4, dependent on soil water conditions. Biochar amendments have effects on soil CH4 production or oxidation processes in individual experiments, but the causative mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. To synthesize the response of soil CH4 release or uptake to biochar amendment, we performed a meta-analysis using data from 61 peer-reviewed papers with 222 updated paired measurements. When averaged across all studies, biochar amendment significantly decreased CH4 release rates by 12% for paddy soils and 72% for upland soils, and CH4 uptake rates by 84% for upland soils. Neither soil CH4 release nor uptake responses to biochar amendment were significant in field soils. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer application would weaken the response of soil CH4 release or uptake to biochar amendment. Biochar-incurred decreases in soil CH4 release and uptake rates were the largest in medium-textured soils or neutral-pH soils. Soil CH4 release or uptake responses to biochar were also significantly altered by biochar characteristics, such as feedstock source, C/N ratio, pH, and pyrolysis temperature. The results of this synthesis suggest that the role of biochar in soil CH4 mitigation potential might have been exaggerated, particularly in fields when biochar is applied in combination with N fertilizer. 相似文献
10.
Abdul Ghaffar Shar Jiao Ya Peng Xiaohong Tian Tanveer Ahmed Siyal Akhtar Hussain Shar Jiang Yuhan Rahul Datta Kamel Hessini 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(8):4155-4163
Mismanagement of crop straw and coal gas residue threatens the atmosphere and the economy. Nevertheless, thermal-pyrolysis is an option for management that turns bio-waste into biochar; its viability and adoption by the public as soil amendments is dependent on the agronomic and environmental values compared between biochar and the raw materials. We undertook a 60-day short-term analysis to assess the impact of various wastes and biochars, as well as inorganic nutrients (N), on carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes, soil enzyme activities, soil fertility status, and microbial activities. There were eight treatments of soil amendments: without an amendment (CK), Nutrients (N), straw + nutrients (S+N), straw biochar + nutrients (SB+N), coal gas residue + nutrients (C+N), coal gas residue biochar + nutrients (CB+N), straw + straw biochar + nutrients (S+SB+N) and coal gas residue waste + coal gas residue biochar + nutrients (C+ CB +N). The results indicated that soil EC, pH, nitrate N (NO3–- N), SOC, TN and available K were significantly (p < 0.05) increased coal gas residue biochar and combined with coal fly ash as compared to maize straw biochar and combined with maize straw and N treatments. The higher concentrations of soil MBC and MBN activities were increased in the maize straw application, while higher soil enzyme activity such as, invertase, urease and catalase were enhanced in the coal fly ash derived biochar treatments. The higher cumulative CO2 emissions were recorded in the combined applications of maize straw and its biochar as well as coal gas residue and its biochar treatment. Our study concludes, that maize straw and coal fly ash wastes were converted into biochar product could be a feasible substitute way of discarding, since land amendment and decreased CO2 fluxes and positive changes in soil microbial, and chemical properties, and can be confirmed under long-term conditions for reduction of economical and environment issues. 相似文献
11.
Biochar’s role as an alternative N-fertilizer: ammonia capture 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Background
Biochar’s role as a carbon sequestration agent, while simultaneously providing soil fertility improvements when used as an amendment, has been receiving significant attention across all sectors of society, ranging from academia, industry, government, as well as the general public. This has lead to some exaggeration and possible confusion regarding biochar’s actual effectiveness as a soil amendment. One sparsely explored area where biochar appears to have real potential for significant impact is the soil nitrogen cycle.Scope
Taghizadeh-Toosi et al. (this issue) examined ammonia sorption on biochar as a means of providing a nitrogen-enriched soil amendment. The longevity of the trapped ammonia was particularly remarkable; it was sequestered in a stable form for at least 12?days under laboratory air flow. Furthermore, the authors observed increased 15N uptake by plants grown in soil amended with the 15N-enriched biochar, indicating that the 15N was not irreversibly bound, but, was plant-available.Conclusions
Their observations add credence to utilizing biochar as a carrier for nitrogen fertilization, while potentially reducing the undesired environmental consequences through gas emissions, overland flow, and leaching. 相似文献12.
Zhiwei Liu Mengtao Zhu Jiameng Wang Xiuxia Liu Wenjie Guo Jufeng Zheng Rongjun Bian Genmei Wang Xuhui Zhang Kun Cheng Xiaoyu Liu Lianqing Li Genxing Pan 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2019,11(12):1408-1420
While biochar soil amendment has been widely proposed as a soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration strategy to mitigate detrimental climate changes in global agriculture, the SOC sequestration was still not clearly understood for the different effects of fresh and aged biochar on SOC mineralization. In the present study of a two‐factorial experiment, topsoil samples from a rice paddy were laboratory‐incubated with and without fresh or aged biochar pyrolyzed of wheat residue and with and without crop residue‐derived dissolved organic matter (CRM) for monitoring soil organic matter decomposition under controlled conditions. The six treatments included soil with no biochar, with fresh biochar and with aged biochar treated with CRM, respectively. For fresh biochar treatment, the topsoil of a same rice paddy was amended with wheat biochar directly from a pyrolysis wheat straw, the soil with aged biochar was collected from the same soil 6 years following a single amendment of same biochar. Total CO2 emission from the soil was monitored over a 64 day time span of laboratory incubation, while microbial biomass carbon and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) were determined at the end of incubation period. Without CRM, total organic carbon mineralization was significantly decreased by 38.8% with aged biochar but increased by 28.9% with fresh biochar, compared to no biochar. With CRM, however, the significantly highest net carbon mineralization occurred in the soil without biochar compared to the biochar‐amended soil. Compared to aged biochar, fresh biochar addition significantly increased the total PLFA concentration by 20.3%–33.8% and altered the microbial community structure by increasing 17:1ω8c (Gram‐negative bacteria) and i17:0 (Gram‐positive bacteria) mole percentages and by decreasing the ratio of fungi/bacteria. Furthermore, biochar amendment significantly lowered the metabolic quotient of SOC decomposition, thereby becoming greater with aged biochar than with fresh biochar. The finding here suggests that biochar amendment could improve carbon utilization efficiency by soil microbial community and SOC sequestration potential in paddy soil can be enhanced by the presence of biochar in soil over the long run. 相似文献
13.
Carbon (C) sequestration potential of biochar should be considered together with emission of greenhouse gases when applied to soils. In this study, we investigated CO2 and N2O emissions following the application of rice husk biochars to cultivated grassland soils and related gas emissions tos oil C and nitrogen (N) dynamics. Treatments included biochar addition (CHAR, NO CHAR) and amendment (COMPOST, UREA, NO FERT). The biochar application rate was 0.3% by weight. The temporal pattern of CO2 emissions differed according to biochar addition and amendments. CO2 emissions from the COMPOST soils were significantly higher than those from the UREA and NO FERT soils and less CO2 emission was observed when biochar and compost were applied together during the summer. Overall N2O emission was significantly influenced by the interaction between biochar and amendments. In UREA soil, biochar addition increased N2O emission by 49% compared to the control, while in the COMPOST and NO FERT soils, biochar did not have an effect on N2O emission. Two possible mechanisms were proposed to explain the higher N2O emissions upon biochar addition to UREA soil than other soils. Labile C in the biochar may have stimulated microbial N mineralization in the C-limited soil used in our study, resulting in an increase in N2O emission. Biochar may also have provided the soil with the ability to retain mineral N, leading to increased N2O emission. The overall results imply that biochar addition can increase C sequestration when applied together with compost, and might stimulate N2O emission when applied to soil amended with urea. 相似文献
14.
Intensive practices in forest soils result in dramatic nitrogen (N) losses, particularly ammonia (NH3) volatilization, to adjacent environmental areas. A soil column experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of bamboo biochar on NH3 volatilization from tea garden and bamboo forest soils. The results showed that biochar amendment effectively reduced NH3 volatilization from tea garden and bamboo forest soil by 79.2% and 75.5%, respectively. The soil pH values increased by 0.53-0.61 units after biochar application. The NH4+-N and total N of both soils were 13.8-29.7% and 34.0-41.9% higher under the biochar treatments than under the control treatment, respectively. In addition, the soil water contents of the two biochar-amended soils were significantly higher (P < 0.05), by 10.7-12.5%, than that of the soils without biochar amendment. Therefore, biochar mitigates NH3 volatilization from the tested forest soils, which was due to the increases in soil NH4+-N, total N and water contents after biochar amendment. Our main findings suggest that biochar addition is an effective management option for sustainable forest management. 相似文献
15.
生物炭对菜园土壤微生物功能多样性的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究生物炭的施用及其与不同肥料混施对菜园土壤中微生物群落功能多样性的影响,为农业废弃物的合理利用和菜园土优化培肥提供科学依据和理论指导。以清远市连州县代表性菜园土(属肥熟旱耕人为土)为研究对象,通过盆栽试验,利用BIOLOG方法对10个施肥处理(对照CK(0%生物碳+无肥)、T1(0%生物碳+0.1%商品有机肥)、T2(0.1%生物碳+无肥)、T3(0.25%生物碳+无肥)、T4(0.5%生物碳+无肥)、T5(1%生物碳+无肥)、T6(100(N)+30(P_2O_5)+75(K_2O)mg/kg干土)、T7(0.1%生物碳+0.1%商品有机肥)、T8(0.1%生物碳+100(N)+0(P_2O_5)+75(K_2O)mg/kg干土)、T9(0.1%生物碳+100(N)+30(P_2O_5)+75(K_2O)mg/kg干土)、T10(0.1%生物碳+0.1%商品有机肥+100(N)+0(P_2O_5)+75(K_2O)mg/kg干土))的土壤微生物群落功能多样性进行分析。结果表明:(1)T1和T3处理比其它处理显著提高土壤微生物对碳源的利用率(P0.05),但生物炭施用量增加会降低平均颜色变化率(AWCD值);(2)T1处理可以显著提高土壤微生物的群落物种均匀度(Mclntosh指数),而T3处理显著提高土壤微生物的物种丰富度和均匀度(Shannon和Mclntosh指数);(3)T1和T3处理对聚合物类、碳水化合物类、羧酸类、氨基酸类和酚类碳源利用率最高;(4)添加化肥处理中磷肥的施用可以提高土壤微生物活性,增加土壤微生物碳源利用能力,而氮肥和钾肥的添加显著降低了土壤微生物的碳源利用能力;(5)主成分分析表明,T1、T2和T3处理的微生物碳代谢功能群结构相似;单施有机肥或适量生物炭对土壤微生物群落结构的影响较混合施用更为显著;化学磷肥的添加及在施用化肥的基础上配施适量生物炭改变了土壤微生物对碳源种类的利用。 相似文献
16.
Yanghui He Xuhui Zhou Liling Jiang Ming Li Zhenggang Du Guiyao Zhou Junjiong Shao Xihua Wang Zhihong Xu Shahla Hosseini Bai Helen Wallace Chengyuan Xu 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2017,9(4):743-755
Biochar application to soils may increase carbon (C) sequestration due to the inputs of recalcitrant organic C. However, the effects of biochar application on the soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes appear variable among many case studies; therefore, the efficacy of biochar as a carbon sequestration agent for climate change mitigation remains uncertain. We performed a meta‐analysis of 91 published papers with 552 paired comparisons to obtain a central tendency of three main GHG fluxes (i.e., CO2, CH4, and N2O) in response to biochar application. Our results showed that biochar application significantly increased soil CO2 fluxes by 22.14%, but decreased N2O fluxes by 30.92% and did not affect CH4 fluxes. As a consequence, biochar application may significantly contribute to an increased global warming potential (GWP) of total soil GHG fluxes due to the large stimulation of CO2 fluxes. However, soil CO2 fluxes were suppressed when biochar was added to fertilized soils, indicating that biochar application is unlikely to stimulate CO2 fluxes in the agriculture sector, in which N fertilizer inputs are common. Responses of soil GHG fluxes mainly varied with biochar feedstock source and soil texture and the pyrolysis temperature of biochar. Soil and biochar pH, biochar applied rate, and latitude also influence soil GHG fluxes, but to a more limited extent. Our findings provide a scientific basis for developing more rational strategies toward widespread adoption of biochar as a soil amendment for climate change mitigation. 相似文献
17.
Biochar Decelerates Soil Organic Nitrogen Cycling but Stimulates Soil Nitrification in a Temperate Arable Field Trial 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Judith Prommer Wolfgang Wanek Florian Hofhansl Daniela Trojan Pierre Offre Tim Urich Christa Schleper Stefan Sassmann Barbara Kitzler Gerhard Soja Rebecca Clare Hood-Nowotny 《PloS one》2014,9(1)
Biochar production and subsequent soil incorporation could provide carbon farming solutions to global climate change and escalating food demand. There is evidence that biochar amendment causes fundamental changes in soil nutrient cycles, often resulting in marked increases in crop production, particularly in acidic and in infertile soils with low soil organic matter contents, although comparable outcomes in temperate soils are variable. We offer insight into the mechanisms underlying these findings by focusing attention on the soil nitrogen (N) cycle, specifically on hitherto unmeasured processes of organic N cycling in arable soils. We here investigated the impacts of biochar addition on soil organic and inorganic N pools and on gross transformation rates of both pools in a biochar field trial on arable land (Chernozem) in Traismauer, Lower Austria. We found that biochar increased total soil organic carbon but decreased the extractable organic C pool and soil nitrate. While gross rates of organic N transformation processes were reduced by 50–80%, gross N mineralization of organic N was not affected. In contrast, biochar promoted soil ammonia-oxidizer populations (bacterial and archaeal nitrifiers) and accelerated gross nitrification rates more than two-fold. Our findings indicate a de-coupling of the soil organic and inorganic N cycles, with a build-up of organic N, and deceleration of inorganic N release from this pool. The results therefore suggest that addition of inorganic fertilizer-N in combination with biochar could compensate for the reduction in organic N mineralization, with plants and microbes drawing on fertilizer-N for growth, in turn fuelling the belowground build-up of organic N. We conclude that combined addition of biochar with fertilizer-N may increase soil organic N in turn enhancing soil carbon sequestration and thereby could play a fundamental role in future soil management strategies. 相似文献
18.
Dynamic responses of nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen use efficiency to nitrogen and biochar amendment in an intensified vegetable field in southeastern China 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
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Intensive vegetable production exhibits contrasting characteristics of high nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). In an effort to mitigate N2O emissions and improve NUE, a field experiment with nine consecutive vegetable crops was designed to study the combined effects of nitrogen (N) and biochar amendment and their interaction on soil properties, N2O emission and NUE in an intensified vegetable field in southeastern China. We found that N application significantly increased N2O emissions, N2O–N emission factors and yield‐scaled N2O emissions by 51–159%, 9–125% and 14–131%, respectively. Moreover, high N input significantly decreased N partial factor productivity (PFPN) and even yield during the seventh to ninth vegetable crops along with obvious soil degradation and mineral N accumulation. To the contrary, biochar amendment resulted in significant decreases in cumulative N2O emissions, N2O–N emission factor and yield‐scaled N2O emissions by 5–39%, 16–67% and 14–53%, respectively. In addition, biochar significantly increased yield, PFPN and apparent recovery of N (ARN). Although without obvious influence during the first to fourth vegetable crops, biochar amendment mitigated N2O emissions during the fifth to ninth vegetable crops. The relative effects of biochar amendments were reduced with increasing N application rate. Hence, while high N input produced adverse consequences such as mineral N accumulation and soil degradation in the vegetable field, biochar amendment can be a beneficial agricultural strategy to mitigate N2O emissions and improve NUE and soil quality in vegetable field. 相似文献
19.
生物质炭与氮肥配施对红壤线虫群落的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用生物质炭改良土壤近年来受到关注,但仍缺乏对土壤动物群落变化的认识.基于野外定位试验,研究了不同用量的生物质炭(0、10、20、30、40 t·hm-2)与氮肥(60、90、120 kg N·hm-2)配施对干旱期和湿润期红壤理化性质和线虫群落的影响.结果表明: 施用生物质炭在干旱期和湿润期均显著影响土壤含水量和pH.随生物质炭施用量的增加,土壤含水量先增加后降低,而土壤pH保持增加的趋势.土壤微生物生物量碳氮、碳氮比及基础呼吸均受到生物质炭和氮肥的显著影响,且低量生物质炭对微生物生物量碳氮、碳氮比及基础呼吸有刺激作用,而高量生物质炭则对其有抑制作用.如生物质炭施用量低于30 t·hm-2时,在干旱期和湿润期均促进土壤微生物活性.此外,生物质炭的效果也依赖于不同采样时期.如在施用量高于30 t·hm-2时,微生物生物量碳在干旱期显著高于对照,在湿润期与对照无显著差异;而微生物生物量氮则呈相反趋势.可溶性有机物和矿质氮在干旱期受到生物质炭和氮肥的显著影响,但是在湿润期仅受到氮肥的影响.生物质炭、氮肥及二者的交互作用在干旱期和湿润期均显著影响线虫数量及营养类群的结构.高量生物质炭和氮肥配施能够提高土壤线虫的数量.值得注意的是,生物质炭显著提高了干旱期食真菌线虫的比例,尤其在干旱期趋势明显,暗示在生物质炭作用下土壤食物网结构趋向于以真菌主导的能流通道.总之,生物质炭对红壤的效果呈现出复杂的影响趋势,不仅依赖于生物质炭的施用量及与氮肥的交互作用,而且与红壤的采样时期有关,表明今后生物质炭的研究应结合多种生态因子. 相似文献
20.
Sean D. C. Case Niall P. McNamara David S. Reay Jeanette Whitaker 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2014,6(1):76-89
Energy production from bioenergy crops may significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through substitution of fossil fuels. Biochar amendment to soil may further decrease the net climate forcing of bioenergy crop production, however, this has not yet been assessed under field conditions. Significant suppression of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions following biochar amendment has been demonstrated in short‐term laboratory incubations by a number of authors, yet evidence from long‐term field trials has been contradictory. This study investigated whether biochar amendment could suppress soil GHG emissions under field and controlled conditions in a Miscanthus × Giganteus crop and whether suppression would be sustained during the first 2 years following amendment. In the field, biochar amendment suppressed soil CO2 emissions by 33% and annual net soil CO2 equivalent (eq.) emissions (CO2, N2O and methane, CH4) by 37% over 2 years. In the laboratory, under controlled temperature and equalised gravimetric water content, biochar amendment suppressed soil CO2 emissions by 53% and net soil CO2 eq. emissions by 55%. Soil N2O emissions were not significantly suppressed with biochar amendment, although they were generally low. Soil CH4 fluxes were below minimum detectable limits in both experiments. These findings demonstrate that biochar amendment has the potential to suppress net soil CO2 eq. emissions in bioenergy crop systems for up to 2 years after addition, primarily through reduced CO2 emissions. Suppression of soil CO2 emissions may be due to a combined effect of reduced enzymatic activity, the increased carbon‐use efficiency from the co‐location of soil microbes, soil organic matter and nutrients and the precipitation of CO2 onto the biochar surface. We conclude that hardwood biochar has the potential to improve the GHG balance of bioenergy crops through reductions in net soil CO2 eq. emissions. 相似文献