河南太行红豆杉产紫杉醇内生真菌的筛选

目的：筛选出高产紫杉醇的内生菌株,为发酵生产紫杉醇提供菌种。方法：从不同来源的红豆杉根、茎、叶中分别分离内生真菌,并对其进行发酵,用HPLC法对菌丝体和发酵液中的紫杉醇含量进行检测,获得高产菌株。结果：获得54株产紫杉醇的内生真菌,其中根、茎、叶分别为29株、16株、9株。根、茎、叶三部位产紫杉醇菌株的平均产量分别为248.57μg/L、149.09μg/L、104.94μg/L;其中一株产量高达622.75μg/L。结论：从野生红豆杉的根部分离内生真菌效果较好,并获得了一株高产菌株。     

高产紫杉醇内生真菌J11的鉴定

从南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensis var.mairei)的幼茎中分离出一株产紫杉醇内生真菌J11.菌株J11的发酵提取物经高分辨质谱分析,证实J11菌株可产紫杉醇.提取该菌株的基因组DNA,扩增核糖体internal transcribed spacer(ITS)和28S核糖体large subunit rRNA gene(LSU)序列,经测序获得该菌的ITS序列和LSU序列.序列比对和检索结果表明,J11菌株为葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria ssp.)属中的一个新菌株.形态学鉴定符合葡萄座腔菌属特征,高效液相色谱分析表明,J11菌株的紫杉醇含量约为615.1μg/L.本研究首次证实葡萄座腔菌J11是一株高产紫杉醇野生型菌株,具有潜在的应用前景.     

一株产紫杉醇罗汉松内生真菌的分离和鉴定

[目的]紫杉醇是重要的抗癌药物,主要从罗汉松等植物中提取,为了保护罗汉松等种质资源,本文从罗汉松植株中分离产紫杉醇内生真菌,并对内生真菌所产紫杉醇的抗肿瘤活性进行了分析.[方法]采用组织块法自罗汉松的根、茎、叶等组织中分离内生真菌;通过四唑蓝(Methyl ThiazolylTetrazolium,MTT)比色法筛选有抗肿瘤活性的内生真菌菌株,通过薄层层析(Thin Layer Chro-matography,TLC)和高效液相色谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)对内生真菌所产活性物质进行鉴定;采用抽提法抽提内生真菌所产紫杉醇,应用Vero细胞对抽提的紫杉醇的活性进行了分析.[结果]从罗汉松属(Podocrapus)植物中分离到155株内生真菌,其中28株内生真菌具有较高的抑癌活性.将其中一株菌株A2命名为EPTP-1,经形态学和分子分类学分析鉴定为烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus).菌株EPTP-1中抽提的紫杉醇5.553μg/L～555.3 μg/L作用24h表现出明显的致细胞凋亡作用.菌株EPTP-1发酵5天时紫杉醇的产率为0.5578±0.0294 mg/L.[结论]从罗汉松中分离到了一株产紫杉醇内生真菌EPTP-1,可作为紫杉醇类药物工业化生产的候选菌株.     

1株产紫杉醇内生真菌LNUF014的鉴定及产物检测

从红豆杉的韧皮部组织中分离得到的360株内生真菌中,通过对发酵粗提的检测,共筛选到11株产紫杉醇的真菌。其中1株内生真菌LNUF014的发酵液采用有机试剂抽提紫杉醇,经薄层层析和高效液相色谱分析,初步表明该菌株的紫杉醇类物质含量为53.68μg/L。根据形态学研究和真核生物18S rDNA基因序列分析,将其鉴定为镰刀菌属(Fusarium)。产紫杉醇内生真菌的研究将对紫杉醇类抗肿瘤药物的研制具有重要意义。     

产紫杉醇菌株原生质体诱变育种的研究

对紫杉醇产生菌NCEU-1的原生质体进行了紫外线和氯化锂复合诱变,筛选制霉菌素抗性突变株,共筛选出了4株正突变株。经发酵筛选试验,获得了一株遗传性状稳定、高产紫杉醇的原生质体诱变菌株——UL_04-5,其紫杉醇产量从出发菌株的314.07μg/L提高至418.24μg/L。     

一株产紫杉醇的南方红豆杉内生真菌的分离及分类研究

从生长在湖北的南方红豆杉树皮中韧皮部分离出一批内生真菌,从中获得一株能产紫杉醇的菌株TPF6。对其形态特征的研究以及生理生化特性的测定(b ilog)结果表明,菌株TPF6与链格孢属有很大的相似性;与18SrDNA分析比对表明,菌株TPF6属于链格孢属,并与链格孢属其他种共享95%~99%的保守序列,其中与交链格孢(Alternaria alternata)18S rDNA的保守度高达99%;全细胞脂肪酸分析结果显示,18:2 CIS9、12/18:0a为TPF6的主要脂肪酸组分,该菌株与链格孢属(Alternaria)相似度最高,SIM值为59.8%。根据分类学研究结果,菌株TPF6属于半知菌门链格孢属,定名为交链格孢(A. alternata)。应用高压液相色谱技术测定结果表明,菌株TPF6发酵液中紫杉醇含量为84.5μg/L。     

一株产紫杉醇内生真菌YN6的分离及鉴定

从云南红豆杉（Taxus yunnanensis）树皮内表皮中分离得到75株内生真菌,采用基于紫杉醇合成关键酶10-去乙酰巴卡亭Ⅲ-10-O-乙酰基转移酶（10-deacetylbaccatin Ⅲ-10-O-acetyl transferase,DBAT）和C-13苯丙氨基侧链CoA乙酰基转移酶（C-13-phenylpropanoid side chain-CoA acyltransferase,BAPT）基因为标志分子的快速筛选方法获得一株可产紫杉醇的内生真菌YN6,并通过高效液相色谱法和质谱法对其紫杉醇进行分析.同时,通过对内生真菌YN6的形态特征分析以及18S rDNA序列分析将其初步鉴定为拟盘多毛孢属（Pestalotiopsis sp.）真菌. 拟盘多毛孢YN6的紫杉醇产量约为120~140 μg/L,是目前已报道的紫杉醇产量较高的野生菌株之一. 拟盘多毛孢YN6的发现为微生物发酵生产紫杉醇提供了潜在的优良种质资源.     

一株产紫杉醇中国红豆杉内生真菌的分离和鉴定

从秦巴山区中国红豆杉茎和根中分离得到一批内生真菌,其中一株内生真菌LB-10的发酵液经紫外分光光度法、HPLC和HPLC-MS分析,表明其代谢产物中存在紫杉醇,含量为846.1μg/L。通过形态学研究、ITS序列分析,确定该菌株为绿僵菌。     

一株产紫杉醇内生真菌液体发酵工艺的优化

紫杉醇是一种高效、低毒、广谱的天然抗癌药物,可以有效地治疗乳腺癌、子宫癌等。近年来的研究发现,从植物内生真菌中发酵生产紫杉醇被证明是解决药源问题的有效途径。从分离到的420株内生真菌中筛选到一株产紫杉醇的内生真菌XC1-07为实验材料进行发酵条件的初步优化。结果表明：最适碳源、氮源分别是麦芽糖和NH4NO3;在含10g/L NH4NO3、90g/L麦芽糖、1.0g/L MgSO4、pH6的优化培养基中培养13d,紫杉醇的产量为1,124.34μg/L。为目前报道的植物内生真菌发酵生产紫杉醇最高的产量。     

紫杉醇高产菌株的原生质体诱变选育及其遗传变异初探

以紫杉醇产生菌NCEU_1为出发菌株,分别采用紫外线和紫外线与氯化锂复合诱变方法对其原生质体进行诱变,获得了两株高产紫杉醇的突变株———UV4 0 - 1 9和UL50 - 6 ,其紫杉醇产量从出发菌株的314 0 7μg L分别提高至376 38μg L和392 6 3μg L ;同时,又采用RAPD和同工酶技术对出发菌株NCEU_1与两高产株UV4 0 - 1 9和UL50 - 6 间的遗传差异进行了研究。结果表明,出发菌株与诱变菌株之间以及两诱变菌株之间都存在明显差异,为进一步研究与紫杉醇合成相关基因及诱变株产量提高的分子机制奠定了基础     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.