基于信号肽策略提高外源蛋白在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)作为一种重要的原核表达宿主菌,具有蛋白分泌能力强、遗传背景清晰、无密码子偏好性、生长迅速和非致病性等优点,一直都是外源蛋白表达优选的模式菌株.信号肽(signal peptide)是一段存在于前体蛋白N-端的短肽链,其功能在于引导和调节前体蛋白的折叠,在蛋白转移和分泌过...     

分泌高效蛋白的地衣芽孢杆菌及其工业应用

革兰氏阳性、腐生性地衣芽孢杆菌是高温α-淀粉酶、碱性蛋白酶的重要工业生产用菌株.其基因组大小约为4.22 Mb,已被多个国际机构认定为GRAS工业菌株.地衣芽孢杆菌具有完善的蛋白分泌体系,蛋白合成与分泌能力可达到20～25 mg/ml.在作为外源基因表达系统的研究中,建立了其遗传转化方法,完成了多种表达载体的构建与应用,以及进行了作为宿主细胞的地衣芽孢杆菌的遗传改良与多种重组蛋白表达的研究.显示地衣芽孢杆菌具有作为重组蛋白高效分泌表达的巨大潜力与工业应用价值.     

利用短短小芽孢杆菌启动子和信号肽编码序列构建穿梭分泌表达载体

以短短小芽孢杆菌B15的总DNA为模板,利用PCR技术克隆到其细胞壁蛋白基因串联启动子和信号肽编码序列,测序分析后提交GenBank,登录号为AY956423。重新设计引物扩增该片段并在PCR产物两侧引入BamHⅠ和PstⅠ酶切位点,将PCR产物双酶切后克隆至穿梭载体pP43NMK的相应位点构建分泌表达载体pP15MK,插入片段置于该载体中mpd基因的上游,并使信号肽编码序列与去除了自身信号肽编码序列的mpd基因阅读框恰好融合。将pP15MK导入枯草杆菌构建表达菌株1A751(pP15MK),在短短小芽孢杆菌启动子和信号肽元件的带动下,mpd基因能够在表达菌株的对数生长期和稳定期持续性高效分泌表达,表达产物结合在细胞膜上;发酵液在48h酶活达到最高值7.79U/mL,是出发菌株邻单胞菌M6表达量的8.1倍。     

全基因组预测多粘类芽孢杆菌SC2的分泌蛋白

为了解多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)分泌蛋白的典型特征,本研究通过SignalP、ProtCompB、TMHMM、Phobius、LipoP、TatP、MEME和BLAST等多种分析程序对多粘类芽孢杆菌SC2菌株的全基因组共5 439条蛋白质序列进行生物信息的综合分析。结果表明,共获得146个具有典型信号肽的SPⅠ(Signal peptidase Ⅰ)分泌蛋白。信号肽序列中出现频率最高的氨基酸依次是亮氨酸、丙氨酸和丝氨酸。对信号肽的切割位点分析发现与枯草芽孢杆菌等一致,均为A-X-A型。通过MEME对信号肽序列进行分析发现存在一种保守基序。最后用BLAST分析发现,在146个分泌蛋白中,89个具有功能描述的分泌蛋白,主要是细胞生长代谢及生物降解酶类,其余57个皆为功能尚未明确的假定蛋白。本研究获得了多粘类芽孢杆菌SC2菌株分泌蛋白的信息,为进一步研究多粘类芽孢杆菌的蛋白功能奠定了基础。     

外源蛋白在芽孢杆菌中分泌表达的研究进展

芽孢杆菌是很有潜力的分泌型基因工程宿主菌。本文概述了利用芽孢杆菌分泌表达外源基因时,影响目的蛋白产率的一些主要因素,如蛋白酶水解作用、缺乏适宜的分子伴侣、信号肽的选择不当等,并讨论了相应的解决对策。     

外源蛋白在芽孢杆菌中分泌表达的研究进展

芽孢杆菌是很有潜力的分泌型基因工程宿主菌。本文概述了利用芽孢杆菌分泌表达外源基因时,影响目的蛋白产率的一些主要因素,如蛋白酶水解作用、缺乏适宜的分子伴侣、信号肽的选择不当等,并讨论了相应的解决对策。     

地衣芽孢杆菌的应用现状及展望

地衣芽孢杆菌是一种革兰氏染色呈阳性的益生菌,俗称整肠生,其细胞呈杆状排列、单生,能产生近中生的芽孢,形态为椭圆状,孢囊稍膨大。它在生活中主要应用于饲料添加、医药、工业等方面,本文综述了地衣芽孢杆菌的主要应用。     

短芽孢杆菌细胞壁蛋白基因多启动子和信号肽编码序列的分离

具有高蛋白分泌能力的短芽孢杆菌分泌到胞外的蛋白质主要是细胞壁蛋白,本通过PCR从5株筛得的具有高蛋白分泌能力且没有胞外蛋白酶活性的短芽孢杆菌中分离出细胞壁蛋白基因多启动子和信号肽编码序列,对其分析发现与具有高蛋白分泌能力的短芽孢杆菌47和HPD31的相应序列高度同源,该结果表明分泌蛋白能力强的短芽孢杆菌细胞壁蛋白的合在 可能受同样的机理调控。     

通过信号肽筛选优化耐高温α-淀粉酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的分泌

以大肠-枯草穿梭载体p MA5质粒为基本骨架,以来源于嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌Geobacillus stearothermophilus NUB3621的耐高温α-淀粉酶基因为目标基因,利用POE-PCR法,成功构建针对淀粉酶的信号肽筛选载体。从枯草芽孢杆菌168基因组中扩增得到46个信号肽,利用POE-PCR法,使46个信号肽分别与线性化的筛选载体形成对应的multimer产物,直接转化枯草芽孢杆菌1A751,得到含不同信号肽的重组菌株。发酵结果显示,除了5个与淀粉酶适配性很低的信号肽,其它信号肽均有不同的引导淀粉酶细胞外分泌的能力,其中bgls引导淀粉酶细胞外分泌的能力最强,上清酶活的峰值达1 393.3 U/m L。     

Enrichment of the rebaudioside A concentration in Stevia rebaudiana extract with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13

Stevia rebaudiana is a sweet herbaceous perennial plant, which is frequently used in the preparation of plant-based sweeteners. The demand for such sweeteners continues to increase due to purposeful nutrition and modern-day metabolic syndromes. More than 20 types of steviol glycosides provide a sweet taste, which are more than 300 times sweeter than sucrose. They are formed of two main components, namely stevioside and rebaudioside A. Only a handful of studies have dealt with Stevia rebaudiana leaf extracts, the conversion of pure stevioside into the preferred rebaudioside A is more common. The aim of this study was to enrich the rebaudioside A content of Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract using enzymatic bioconversion by applying fermented cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus licheniformis DSM13. Two differently processed plant materials, namely dried and lyophilized Stevia rebaudiana plants, were extracted and compared. Following the bioconversion, the rebaudioside A content was on average doubled. The maximum increase was fivefold with a 70–80% conversion of the stevioside.     

Production and partial characterization of bacteriocin-like pepitdes by Bacillus licheniformis ZJU12

Bacillus licheniformis ZJU12, which was isolated from soil, could produce bacteriocin-like peptides that exhibited a broad spectrum of antagonistic activity against various species of Gram-positive bacteria and fungal pathogens, but not against Gram-negative bacteria tested except Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, a rice pathogen. The bacteriocin-like peptides were sensitive to proteinase K and trypsin. The activity was stable during temperature exposure up to 100 °C for 30 min, but lost completely at 121 °C for 15 min. The cell-free supernatant of B. licheniformis ZJU12 was shown to retain the activity within the pH range of 2–9, and the optimum pH for the activity was about 6.5. No adverse effect of the antagonistic compound to mice was observed in acute toxicity tests with the dose of 0.8 mg/20 g.     

地衣芽胞杆菌活菌制剂的临床应用进展

整肠生是应用二十多年的地衣芽胞杆菌活菌制剂,已有大量的研究报道其临床有效性和安全性。地衣芽胞杆菌大量分泌种类丰富的消化酶,通过抑制肠道有害菌生长和促进有益菌增殖调节肠道菌群,并产生杆菌肽、地衣素和乙酸等生物活性物质发挥益生作用。本文总结了益生菌的益生特点,并重点分析了芽胞杆菌的益生特点,归纳了整肠生的作用机制与临床研究现状,揭示了其在肝脏疾病、溃疡性结肠炎、肠易激综合征、幽门螺旋杆菌感染以及病毒感染等疾病中的治疗作用,并对整肠生未来的临床应用方向进行了展望。     

Development of an asporogenic Bacillus licheniformis for the production of keratinase

AIMS: Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1 is a keratin-degrading, spore-forming bacterium isolated from a poultry waste digester. A sporulation-deficient mutant of B. licheniformis PWD-1, named B. licheniformis WBG, was developed and characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS: The mutation was generated using the splicing by overlap extension PCR method (Gene SOEing) to create 256 bp deletion in the spoIIAC gene, which encodes an essential sporulation-specific sigma factor. In vivo gene replacement was accomplished with the use of a temperature-sensitive plasmid that is able to integrate and excise the nucleotide fragment 256 bp from the B. licheniformis chromosome. PCR analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed the spoIIAC gene deletion. Heat-treatment assays and electron microscopy verified the absence of spores. CONCLUSIONS: This asporogenic strain is able to express normal levels of keratinase when compared with its wild-type host. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In this study, a method of constructing a stable sporulation-defective strain was developed. It can be potentially useful as a tool to generate asporogenic strains of Bacillus that retain their industrial capabilities for production of exoproteases and other exozymes.     

跨膜蛋白基因克隆载体pMBL的构建及验证

自行设计一对引物,从质粒pUC18上扩增一段无启动子和信号肽的β-内酰胺酶基因(△P△SP Amp),以作为最终构建的载体克隆到带跨膜信号基因片段的报告基因。所设计的上游引物中依次带有分别处于3个不同阅读框架、且形成匹配粘性末端的3个酶切位点BglⅡ、BclI、BamHI,以便最终构建的载体捕获基因时的对位融合和表达。pET-28经BglI、Bst1107I双酶切,去除约2．5kh的lac I等基因的冗余片段,保留Kan抗性基因、复制原点、多克隆位点等结构,并消除BglⅡ位点,获得作为最终构建载体的抗性基因和基本骨架的过渡质粒pKan。△p△SP Amp基因经pGEM-T-EASY载体,克隆到pKan的EcoRI和XbaI间,得到在Kan平板中生长而在Amp和Kan双抗平板中不能生长的转化子pMBL-E质粒;经部分酶切补平自连,筛选得到消除HindⅢ位点端EcoRI位点的质粒,即得到用于跨膜蛋白信号基因片段捕获克隆的目的载体pMBL,大小为3．46kb。经酶切鉴定和测序,证明构建的载体与预期设计的一致。应用四环素抗性基因(Tet)片段对构建的跨膜蛋白基因克隆载体pMBL．的有效性进行了验证,在克隆人EcoRI和BglⅡ双酶切(0位)的载体中,Kan和Amp双抗平板筛选到阳性克隆子,经酶切和测序均显示Tet基因已对位插人,并启动了β-内酰胺酶的表达和跨膜分泌。由此证明：构建的跨膜蛋白克隆载体pMBL能有效捕获含启动子和信号肽序列的跨膜蛋白基因。     

地衣芽胞杆菌培养条件的研究

应用单因素和正交试验设计试验法对地衣芽胞杆菌在摇瓶水平上进行了培养基配方和培养条件的研究。结果表明：最适培养基配方为山芋淀粉1．0％,豆粕0．6％,玉米芯粉0．8％,K2HPO4 0．1％,MgSO40．1％。最适培养条件为37℃,摇床转速150r／min,250mL三角瓶装液50mL,接种量5．0％,振荡培养48h,pH7．0。在20L自动发酵罐中进行了扩大培养试验,考察溶氧对菌体生长的影响,并根据试验结果进一步扩大至1m^3发酵罐,通过控制搅拌速度和通气量,1m^3发酵罐中地衣芽胞杆菌培养液菌浓为7．2×10^9efu／mL,芽胞率达到90％。     

Co-linear scaffold of the Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis genomes and its use to compare their competence genes

We have established the co-linear regions of Bacillus licheniformis, an industrially important bacterium, and Bacillus subtilis, a model bacterium. In the co-linear regions, revealed by PCR, gene content and order are presumed to be conserved. These regions constitute approximately 60% of the compared chromosomes. Sequencing of the competence genes of B. licheniformis allowed us to validate the approach, and to demonstrate how it can be used for the comparative analysis of complex genetic systems. A new insertion sequence, designated IS3Bli1, was discovered in the competence region of the analyzed B. licheniformis strain.     

微生态系统中地衣芽孢杆菌消长的研究

采用不同接种培养方法,研究了地衣芽孢杆菌在微生态系统的消长状况．结果表明,在健康人体内该菌能迅速增殖,菌数为１．４９×１０８～１．８３×１０８个·ｇ－１,并能较长时间定植下来,３０ｄ后菌数为１．２７×１０７～１．５１×１０７个·ｇ－１．在病人体内增殖相对较慢些,菌数为１．４０×１０８～１．６７×１０８个·ｇ－１,３０ｄ后菌数为１．１５×１０７～１．３１×１０７个·ｇ－１．在人工模拟微生态系统中,当ｐＨ为５．０～９．０,营养物为食物匀浆培养基、牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基时,其菌数为３．０５×１０８、３．４２×１０８个·ｍｌ－１．     

Heterodimeric Aminopeptidase A from Bacillus licheniformis NS115

An aminopeptidase A (EC 3.4.11.7) was purified to homogeneity from Bacillus licheniformis NS115 and its enzymatic properties were characterized. The enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 64 kDa, consisting of heterodimeric 42 kDa and 22 kDa subunits, and is a new enzyme from N-terminal analysis of heavy and light subunits. The light suhunit had no catalytic activity against the substrate and apparent K_m values of heavy and whole enzyme were 0.26 and 0.087 mM of γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide, respectively.