Correction to: Optimizing Pueraria candollei var. mirifica cell suspension culture for prolonged maintenance and decreased variation of isoflavonoid from single cell lines

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - The Acknowledgements section in the original article was incomplete. The complete section is shown below. Acknowledgements This research was supported...     

Erratum to “Vegetation state and extreme drought as factors determining differentiation and succession of Carabidae communities in forests damaged by a windstorm in the High Tatra Mts” by Zbyšek Šustek & Jaroslav Vido

The original version of the article was published in Biologia 68 (6): 1198–1210 (2013), DOI: 10.2478/s11756-013-0268-1. Unfortunately, the original version of this article contains a mistake in Acknowledgements on page 1209. Here we display the corrected version of the Acknowledgements.     

Freeze-fracture of the generative cell of Phoenix dactylifera (Arecaceae)

Summary Mature pollen of Phoenix dactylifera was freeze-fractured in germination medium. The surface of the generative cell was highly convoluted. Microtubules were not in close contact with the indentations. The vegetative cell membrane was appressed to the generative cell. Ordered ridges appeared in both fracture faces of the vegetative cell inner plasma membrane at the indentations. No ordered ridges were observed in the fracture faces of the generative cell. The nuclear envelopes of the vegetative and generative cells differed, with the generative cell having fewer and larger nuclear pores irregularly dispersed among porefree areas. These differences in plasma membrane and in nuclear envelope correlate with the subsequent differentiation of the two cells.Acknowledgements. We thank J.I. Stillman for technical assistance with the thin section preparations. This research was supported in part by NSF grant DCB-8607765 to W.W.T.     

Correction: Prospects of implant with locking plate in fixation of subtrochanteric fracture: experimental demonstration of its potential benefits on synthetic femur model with supportive hierarchical nonlinear hyperelastic finite element analysis

The first publication of the work [1] did not present one of the authors' names. Kunalan Ganthel has now been added to the author list. In addition, Habib Sherkat has been added to the Acknowledgements, with thanks for providing help with the use of hyperelastic module of Abaqus Software.     

Effects of citrinin on pigment,protein and nucleic acid contents in maize seeds

Citrinin lowered contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, proteins and nucleic acids during seed germination of maize cv. Suwan composite. The inhibitory effect was concentration dependent. Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to Head, University Department of Botany, Bhagalpur University for providing laboratory facilities and to Prof. J.V.V. Dogra for his help in gel electrophoresis. One of the authors (GP) is also thankful to the CSIR, New Delhi for financial assistance (Project No. 9/24/(17)EMR-I).     

Geobotanical studies on zinc deposit areas of Zawar mines,Udaipur

This study reveals disjunct distribution patterns of certain plant species on zinc-rich soils in the Zawar mines region near Udaipur. Ten plant species have high constancy and fidelity values on zinc-rich soils in comparison to normal soil. The plant community composed of these species has been named Impatiens balsamina-Triumfetta pentandra association. As Impatients balsamina is the most characteristic species on metal dumps, it can be considered as a local indicator for the metal zinc.Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to the University Grants Commission of India, New Delhi for substantial financial assistance.     

Bacteriophages as indicators of enteric viruses and public health risk in groundwaters

1. Introduction, 5
2. Direct virus detection, 6
3. Bacteriophages, 6
3.1 Somatic coliphages, 8
3.2 F⁺-specific bacteriophages, 9
3.3 Bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides fragilis ,14
4. Summary, 15
5. Critical issues that must be addressed, 15
6. Acknowledgements, 15
7. References, 16     

The influence of substrate contact on gravity orientation

Summary Tilting of the animal with respect to gravity results in compensatory eyestalk movements and in leg counterforce reactions which vary with the number and sequential position of legs touching the body-fixed substrate board (Figs. 2, 3). The gravity response is reduced with increasing number of legs touching the substrate. The results fit an interpretation that the weight of the substrate input interacting with gravity signals results from superposition of the weighted effects of the single legs involved (Figs. 2, 4).Acknowledgements are due to the Max-Planck-Institut (D. M. Neil, N. Scapini) and to the Carnegie Trust (D. M. Neil) for financial support. We want to thank renate Alton for her co-operative help.     

Cytokinin profile during early phase of germination of gram seeds after application of benzylaminopurine

Qualitative and quantitative differences in cytokinin levels of gram seeds were observed during germination of control and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 4.44 x 10^t-5 M) treated seeds. Zeatin riboside (ZR), zeatin (Z), dihydrozeatin (DHZ), isopentenyladenosine (iPA) and isopentenyladenine (iP) were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography. In the control seeds the ZR content increased markedly only after 24 h of germination. In BAP treated seeds, the increase in ZR content was stronger than in control seeds and it persisted during further germination. Z content increased during germination in both control and treated seeds. After 48 h of germination iP appeared in control and especially in treated seeds. Acknowledgements: The senior author is thankful to University Grants Commision, New Delhi for award of Research Associateship.     

Characterization of nociceptin binding sites by novel peptide analogs and radioprobes

A number of new synthetic nociceptin ligands were studied in receptor binding and functional tests in rat brain membranes and in cloned systems. Ligand binding experiments were performed with three different radioprobes developed in our lab. The nociceptin derivatives exhibited high affinity in competition experiments. Receptor‐mediated G‐protein activation was determined in [³⁵S]GTPgS binding assays. Among the new structures examined, Ac‐RYYRIK‐ol was found to be only a weak stimulator by itself, whereas this compound inhibited receptor‐mediated G‐protein activation. These data suggest that Ac‐RYYRIK‐ol is a high affinity peptide antagonist for the nociceptin receptor. Acknowledgements: Supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund OTKA T‐035211, T‐033078, T‐030841, and the Ministry of Education, NKFP 1/027 Hungary.     

Differential activation of C1 complement components in rat spinal cord after sciatic nerve injury

A number of new synthetic nociceptin ligands were studied in receptor binding and functional tests in rat brain membranes and in cloned systems. Ligand binding experiments were performed with three different radioprobes developed in our lab. The nociceptin derivatives exhibited high affinity in competition experiments. Receptor-mediated G-protein activation was determined in [³⁵S]GTPgS binding assays. Among the new structures examined, Ac-RYYRIK-ol was found to be only a weak stimulator by itself, whereas this compound inhibited receptor-mediated G-protein activation. These data suggest that Ac-RYYRIK-ol is a high affinity peptide antagonist for the nociceptin receptor.
Acknowledgements:  Supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund OTKA T-035211, T-033078, T-030841, and the Ministry of Education, NKFP 1/027 Hungary.     

Lectin biosynthesis in callus culture established from seeds ofCanavalia virosa

Plant tissue cultures established from isolated embryos or cotyledons were used to investigate the lectin biosynthesis inCanavalia virosa. The lectin (CVL) was detected by double immunodiffusion and hemagglutination tests. CVL was present in all callus cultures. The stem and leaf of the plantlet generated from the embryo also contain CVL, but no CVL was detected in the roots. As compared to mature seeds, callus derived from cotyledon of immature seeds exhibited the largest CVL content. Acknowledgements: The first author would like to express his sincere thanks to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for the fellowship awarded to him to work on this project.     

Molecular mechanisms of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors

Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors were identified initially as binding sites in peripheral tissues with markedly different drug specificity than the central type receptors. The density of peripheral receptors varies greatly among tissue with selective localization within organs. Steroid producing areas of glands, such as the adrenal, testes and ovary, are highly enriched in these receptors. Intracellular localizations provide further insight into function with peripheral receptors largely if not exclusively associated with outer membranes of mitochondria. Purification of the peripheral receptor protein from rat kidney mitochondria reveals two apparent subunits with molecular weights of about 30 and 18 kD respectively. This complex is functionally intact as determined by its ability to reversibly bink PK-11195 Ro5-4864, and PK-14105 with high affinity and specificity.Acknowledgements: Supported by USPHS grant DA-00266, Research Scientist Award DA-00074 to S.H.S. and a gift of the Bristol Myers Company.Special issue dedicated to Dr. Erminio Costa.     

Average seasonal phytomass: a temporally independent index of herbaceous plant dominance

Diversity, similarity and dominance in plant communities are usually assessed from data collected at a single date. Herbaceous species have differing periods of growth, making phytomass or cover-weighted indices of diversity, similarity or dominance highly dependent on the timing of data collection. A new way of mathematically expressing residence time is presented. Average seasonal phytomass values can be used to better express dominance throughout a growing season. A similar approach could be used for cover or any other dynamic property of plant growth. These values could then be used in dominance-weighted indices of community similarity and diversity. Acknowledgements: J. Watkins-Williams assisted in the field and laboratory. R. L. Bayn, Jr. assisted in data processing. This study was supported in part by Grant DEB-78-05328 from the National Science Foundation to J. A. MacMahon.     

Endocannabinoids, their effect on GABA uptake in globus pallidus and relevance to Parkinson's disease

Histochemical, immunocytochemical and radioassay study was performed to detect the occurrence of NOS-immunoreactive primary trigeminal sensory somata in the trigeminal ganglion, including their fiber components. Spinal trigeminal tract and sensory trigeminal nuclei were studied using the same methods. It was found that more than 30% of all somata in the trigeminal ganglion are NOS immunoreactive. Corresponding fibers were detected in the spinal trigeminal tract. NOS immunoreactive fibers of three different categories could be followed to terminate in the sensory trigeminal nuclei. Data presented here confirm that trigeminal sensory system is richly endowed with NOS and that NO is used to communicate between the first and second-order trigeminal sensory neurons.
Acknowledgements:   Supported by VEGA Grant no. 2/3217/23PS9, STAA Grant no. 51-013002 and by NIH grants NS 32794 and NS 40386 to M.M.     

NO participate in the communication between the first‐ and second‐order neurons in the trigeminal sensory tract in the dog

Histochemical, immunocytochemical and radioassay study was performed to detect the occurrence of NOS‐immunoreactive primary trigeminal sensory somata in the trigeminal ganglion, including their fiber components. Spinal trigeminal tract and sensory trigeminal nuclei were studied using the same methods. It was found that more than 30% of all somata in the trigeminal ganglion are NOS immunoreactive. Corresponding fibers were detected in the spinal trigeminal tract. NOS immunoreactive fibers of three different categories could be followed to terminate in the sensory trigeminal nuclei. Data presented here confirm that trigeminal sensory system is richly endowed with NOS and that NO is used to communicate between the first and second‐order trigeminal sensory neurons. Acknowledgements: Supported by VEGA Grant no. 2/3217/23PS9, STAA Grant no. 51‐013002 and by NIH grants NS 32794 and NS 40386 to M.M.     

The distribution of LHRH in the hypothalamus of the thirsting rat

Summary Prolonged thirst provokes an activation of the LHRH system which enables the visualization of fiber connections not seen in untreated control animals. This type of experimental stress situation increases the number of LHRH-containing fibers in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis and in the median eminence. The number of LHRH-producing cells in the preoptic nucleus is increased and the fiber connection between this area and the median eminence can be observed. The tanycytes and the perikarya of the arcuate nucleus do not react with the antibody against LHRH. Moreover, during thirst, a network of LHRH-containing fibers is observed in the medial mammillary nucleus. The results obtained at the light microscopic level have been confirmed and supplemented by electron microscopic immunocytochemical observations.Supported by the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant No. Kr 569/1) Acknowledgements. The author is greatly indebted to Dr. M. Dubois (Lab. de Physiol. de la Reprod., Nouzilly/France) for the generous gift of the LHRH antibody, and to Dr. L.A. Sternberger (Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland/USA) for supplying the peroxidase-antiperoxidase-complex. The skillful technical assistance of Mrs. H. Prien is thankfully acknowledged