阳江地区慢性咳嗽的病因学调查研究

目的探讨阳江地区慢性咳嗽的病因特点。方法对2010年3月～2012年3月在阳江市中医医院门诊就诊的200例慢性咳嗽患者的临床资料进行研究。结果确定病因诊断者187例,单一病因咳嗽者178例,其中前五位依次为上气道咳嗽综合征（占34.0%）,变异型哮喘（占18.0%）,胃食管反流（占13.5%）,变应性咳嗽（占12.5%）,嗜酸细胞性支气管炎（占11.0%）;二重病因9例中,为上气道咳嗽综合征并胃食管反流（占2.5%）,上气道咳嗽综合征合并变异型哮喘（占2.0%）。结论慢性咳嗽的病因复杂,涉及多个临床学科,应进一步诊断及鉴别诊断。     

59例儿童慢性咳嗽病因及治疗分析

咳嗽是儿科最常见的症状之一.医学上,慢性咳嗽是指4周以上持续或反复性咳嗽.其病因复杂多样,病因不明确,治疗效果不佳;既影响患儿身心健康和生活学习,又给家长造成心理和经济负担.     

天然辅助细胞在初次和再次RSV感染所诱发气道炎症反应中的作用

天然辅助细胞(natural helper cell,NHC)是近期发现的二型固有淋巴细胞的一种,因其在病毒感染后分泌大量Th2型细胞因子,故在病毒感染所诱发的气道炎症反应中发挥重要作用。呼吸道合胞病毒(Respiratory Syncytial Virus,RSV)是最常见的呼吸道病毒,也是一个反复感染的过程。NHC在RSV感染过程发挥的作用尤其是在再次感染中具体作用尚不清楚,故本研究建立初次及再次感染模型,通过计数肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中炎性细胞数量,HE染色观察肺病理炎症反应,Real-time RT-PCR法检测肺组织及NHC内Th1/Th2型细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-5、IL-13mRNA的表达,膜表面染色检测肺组织内CD45+Lin-ST2+标记的NHC数量,细胞膜内染色检测分泌Th1/Th2型细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-5、IL-13的NHC数量,探讨NHC在初次及再次RSV感染所诱发导致气道炎症反应中的作用。结果显示与再次RSV感染相比,初次RSV感染引起的肺炎症反应明显加重,且肺组织内Th2型细胞因子IL-5、IL-13mRNA表达水平亦明显增多,提示与再次RSV感染相比,初次RSV感染可能通过诱导机体产生更多的Th2型细胞因子,进而导致较重的气道炎症。流式细胞分析术发现初次RSV感染鼠肺组织内NHC总数及IL-5+NHC,IL-13+NHC数量明显多于再次RSV感染组,提示与再次RSV感染相比,初次RSV感染诱导更多的Th2型NHC进入肺组织,参与气道炎症。研究证实NHC通过分泌Th2型细胞因子,尤其是IL-5和IL-13,介导RSV感染所诱发的气道炎症反应。     

儿童慢性咳嗽的病因探讨

目的:探讨儿童慢性咳嗽的病因及其分类方法,从而对临床医师在诊断小儿慢性咳嗽的病因时有所借鉴和帮助。方法:对2007年1月至2009年12月我院收治的病因诊断明确的60例慢性咳嗽患儿的临床特点进行回顾,分析引起慢性咳嗽的病因,并对诊断程序进行总结。结果:引起60例患儿慢性咳嗽的病因分别为反复呼吸道感染15例(25%)、咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)13例(21.7%)、鼻后滴注综合征11例(18.3%)、支原体感染10例(16.7%)、胃食管反流性咳嗽(GERC)6例(10.0%)、心因性3例(5.0%)和其他2例(3.3%)。其中反复呼吸道感染、CVA、鼻后滴注综合征为引起小儿慢性咳嗽的主要病因。针对病因治疗后,全部患儿的咳嗽症状明显减轻或消失。结论:应强调对慢性咳嗽的程序式诊断,以明确病因,对小儿慢性咳嗽性疾病的治疗具有较强的可操作性。     

维生素D缺乏与儿童反复呼吸道感染的关系及机制

呼吸道感染是常见的儿科疾病,有着显著的发病率和死亡率,反复呼吸道感染会严重影响儿童的生活质量和身体健康。维生素D具有一系列与人体健康有关的作用,包括与呼吸道的感染有关。为了分析维生素D与儿童反复呼吸道感染的关系,探讨维生素D影响呼吸道感染的机制,本研究通过临床分析了维生素D缺乏与儿童反复呼吸道发生之间的相关性,通过构建炎症模型,观察了外源维生素D对人气道上皮细胞增殖分化的影响,运用ELISA检测了维生素D对人气道上皮细胞和中性粒细胞释放炎症因子(IL-1β,IL-6和TNF-α)的影响。本结果表明,维生素D缺乏与儿童反复呼吸道感染相关,并且维生素D能促进人气道上皮细胞的增殖分化,但对人气道上皮细胞和中性粒细胞炎症因子的产生无显著影响。     

RSV疫苗研发的挑战和机遇

<正>呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncyial virus,RSV)是引起婴幼儿严重急性下呼吸道感染最常见的病因,也是造成老年人和免疫功能不全人群疾病负担的重要原因。尚无许可的疫苗能解决这个重大公共卫生问题。虽然疫苗技术的进步导致最近重新掀起了RSV疫苗的研发,但防止RSV感染的免疫保护相关物和疫苗相关的加重呼吸道疾病的免疫学仍旧了解很少。     

58例小儿手足口病的护理体会

手足口病是由多种肠道病毒引起的一种常见的传染病,近年有流行趋势.临床表现以发热和手、足、口腔等部位的皮疹或疱疹为主要特征,少数患儿可并发无菌性脑膜炎、脑炎、急性迟缓性麻痹、呼吸道感染和心肌炎等,个别重症儿童病情进展快,可导致死亡.     

吸入性损伤行气管切开患者持续气道湿化的效果观察

目的:探讨吸入性损伤行气管切开患者持续气道湿化的效果。方法:将60例吸入性损伤行气管切开患者随机分为实验组30例,采用微量注射泵持续滴入气道湿化液。对照组30例,采用传统的气道内定时、间断注射器滴入湿化法,对比两种方法痰痂形成、气道粘膜出血、刺激性咳嗽及肺部感染并发症。结果:持续气道湿化患者痰痂形成、刺激性咳嗽明显低于间断气道湿化法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);气道粘膜出血、肺部感染并发症也低于间断气道湿化法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:吸入性损伤行气管切开患者持续气道湿化效果好,可以降低患者肺部感染率及相应的气道并发症。     

骨性关节炎病因的研究进展

骨性关节炎是影响人类健康及生活质量的最常见关节疾病之一,是一种以骨关节软骨退行性变和继发性周围骨质增生为特点的慢性关节疾病,又被称为退行性关节炎.多发于中老年人群,常累及全身骨关节中的脊柱、髋关节和膝关节等负重较大的关节,导致受累关节僵硬、变形,从而使关节功能受到严重影响,影响患者的生活质量。常见症状为受累关节疼痛,活动受限,休息后缓解及晨起关节僵硬感。由于人口老龄化加重,导致其发病率连年增加。但由于其病因及病机复杂多样,目前医学界还没有确切的结论,导致缺乏有效的治疗手段,本文就近几年来文献中提及的骨性关节炎病因及病机做一综述,有利于我们继续探索,早日认清这种疾病,治愈这种疾病,提高患者生活质量。     

新生儿窒息复苏

新生儿窒息是以缺氧造成的母体和胎儿间血液循环和气体交换障碍为原因,导致出生时出现呼吸障碍为主的综合征,是新生儿最常见的疾病和围产儿死亡的主要原因之一.对新生儿窒息的抢救是否及时奏效直接关系着小儿的生命和未来的健康,关系到社会主义祖国的兴旺、民族的强盛及个人家庭幸福的大事,为了能以最快速度和最有效的方法进行抢救复苏工作,以提高产科工作质量.本文通过复习有关方面资料,现将新生儿窒息复苏综述如下:1 病因1.1 胎儿宫内窘迫的延续:胎儿宫内窘迫未能纠正、生后则表现为新生儿窒息,1.2 呼吸道梗阻:胎儿在子宫内或产道过早发生真呼吸时,可能吸入羊水、粘液、胎粪等阻塞呼吸道或可能因喉部水肿而造成缺氧,常见于面先露.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.